scholarly journals Oleic Acid Glycerides Content in the Oils of Maize Endospermic Mutants and Its Dependence on Temperature During Ripening

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
Dmytro S. Tymchuk ◽  
Iurii Sadovnichenko ◽  
Nataliya Tymchuk ◽  
Halyna Potapenko ◽  
Inna Torianyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Maize Oil

Abstract Identification of sources of increased content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) and determination of the nature of its variability are prerequisites for improving oil quality. The purpose of this study was to establish the variability of the content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) in maize oil depending on the genotype and ripening temperature. The experiments were carried out on a series of common maize inbreds and inbred-carriers of the su1, ae, and su2 mutations, which were grown for three years. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analysed by the Peisker gas chromatographic method. Genotype–environment interactions were assessed using the Eberhard– Russell algorithm. It was found that the carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations had the highest oleate content. The oleate content of maize oil generally increased with increasing ripening temperature. Unrelated inbreds based on one mutation significantly differed in the genetically determined level of oleate and showed non-identical responses to the ripening temperature. In inbreds of the first type, the content of oleates changed significantly with temperature fluctuation, while inbreds of the second type provided a fairly stable level of the trait under these conditions.

scholarly journals Genotype and Seasonal Variation Affect Yield and Oil Quality of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Lara Abou Chehade ◽  
Luciana G. Angelini ◽  
Silvia Tavarini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

The adoption of climate-resilient and resource-use efficient crop species and varieties is a key adaptation action for farmers in the face of climate change. Safflower, an emerging oilseed crop, has been recognized for its high oil quality and its favorable agronomic traits such as drought and cold tolerance, making it particularly suitable to Mediterranean conditions. A 2-year field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the genotype and growing season on the crop phenology, seed and oil production, macronutrient accumulation and partitioning, and fatty acid composition of spring-sown safflower grown under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons on an alluvial deep loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) at the Centre for Agri-environmental Research “E. Avanzi” of the University of Pisa (Pisa, Central Italy). Higher seed yield and yield components (plant density, plant height, branching, number of capitula per plant and seeds per capitulum) were found in almost all genotypes when the seeds were sown in mid-March 2012 compared to in late April 2013. More favorable conditions in 2012, i.e., early sowing date, higher precipitation, and quite mild temperatures, led to a better seed and oil yield and greater aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake, with the highest amounts being removed by straw. Greater seed yield was found to be associated with a greater plant height and a higher number of capitula per plant. Oil content was negatively affected by the higher temperatures and the lower amounts of precipitation that occurred during the 2012 growing season. Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition depended on the genotype. Lower precipitation and higher temperatures during 2013 favored oleic acid content in high linoleic acid genotypes and linoleic acid in medium to high oleic acid genotypes. Among the genotypes, the linoleic-type Sabina and the oleic-type Montola 2000 performed the best in both seasons. The results, besides identifying promising safflower genotypes for spring sowing in the Mediterranean region and for future breeding programs, pointed out the importance of early sowing to contrast unfavorable environmental conditions during seed-filling, thus ensuring higher yields.

scholarly journals Modification of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds to improve soybean oil quality and functionality

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anh Tung Pham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
High Oleic

The purpose of this project is to modify the fatty acid composition in soybean seeds to improve soybean oil quality and functionality. By sequencing the FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes in 24 plant introductions, we identified two novel mutant alleles: one for each gene that is responsible for the elevated oleic acid content in four plant introductions. The combination of the newly identified mutant FAD2-1B allele with existing or the novel mutant FAD2-1A alleles created soybean lines with more than 80% oleic acid content. Combination of two mutant FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B with mutant FAD3A or mutant FAD3C or both resulted in high oleic acid content of 80 - 85% and linolenic acid content in the range from 1.5 - 4%. Perfect molecular markers associated with these mutant alleles were designed to help select the soybean lines with genotypes of interest in early generations in breeding. The high oleic acid and high oleic acid low linolenic soybeans produced have an improved stability across growing environments compared to existing sources.

Effect of growth temperature on the high stearic and high stearic-high oleic sunflower traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Izquierdo ◽  
L. A. N. Aguirrezábal ◽  
E. Martínez-Force ◽  
R. Garcés ◽  
V. Paccapelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Response To Temperature

We investigated variability in the response of oil fatty acid composition to temperature among high stearic and high stearic-high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Two experiments were conducted with high stearic (including the CAS-3 mutation) and high stearic-high oleic inbred lines (including both the CAS-3 and the high oleic Soldatov mutations). Plants were cultivated in pots with soil, irrigated, and fertilised. Plants were exposed to different day/night temperatures during grain filling: 16/16°C, 26/16°C, 26/26°C, and 32/26°C. Oil fatty acid composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography in seeds harvested after physiological maturity. Higher temperature during grain filling increased palmitic and oleic acid percentages and reduced stearic and linoleic acid percentages, suggesting some modifications on enzymatic activities. When the high oleic mutation was included, the variation in stearic and oleic acid percentages in response to temperature was reduced but not the variation in palmitic acid concentration. Variations in fatty acid composition in high stearic genotypes were mainly associated with night temperature as reported previously for traditional and high oleic hybrids. Knowing the effect of temperature on oil fatty acid composition in traditional and mutated genotypes is useful for selecting the environment in which to produce grains with the desired oil quality.

scholarly journals Effects of non – allelic interactions of maize endosperm structure genes on the oil fatty acid composition

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
D. S. Tymchuk ◽  
V. V. Muzhylko ◽  
S. M. Tymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Maize Endosperm ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Endosperm Structure ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Synergistic Increase

Aim. Determination of effects of the non-allelic interactions between the different genes of maize endosperm structure and identification the carriers of combinations of mutant genes with the best oil fatty acid compositions. Methods. The representative complex of maize inbreds – carriers of mutant genes o2, sh1, sh2, su1, su2, ae and wx and their paired combination was used as the material for research. Oil fatty acid composition was analysed by the modified gas – chromatographic Peysker method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by the method of variance analysis. Results. The carriers of endospermic mutation su1 were notable as having the most high content of oleate in oil and the carriers of mutation sh2 – as having the most high palmitate content. The non–allelic interactions of endosperm structure genes for the oil fatty acid composition were realized by three types. The first of them took place immediate level of components of the oil fatty acid composition between the mutants who were partners of the combination. The second type was characterized by the presence of epistatic deviation of some components of the fatty acid composition in the direction of one the monogenic partners of combination. In the third type it has been observed the synergistic increase or reduction of the components of the fatty acid composition compared with both partners of combination. Conclusions. Use of non–allelic interactions between the mutant genes of maize endosperm structure can be observed as an effective method of the extension of useful genetic diversity while improving the oil quality. The most significant beneficial effects of non – allelic interactions of the synergistic type were provided by the combinations involving the mutant genes su1 and sh2.Keywords: maize, endospermic mutants, non-allelic interactions, oil fatty acid composition.

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