scholarly journals The family Paratylenchidae Thorne, 1949 in the rhizosphere of grass and woody species in Europe: a review of the literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
V. Čermák ◽  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract The family Paratylenchidae (Paratylenchus, Gracilacus) belonging to the suborder Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 including several others families: Criconematidae Taylor, 1936, Hemicycliophoridae Skarbilovich, 1959, Shaeronematidae Raski & Sher, 1952 and Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947. Members of these families are parasites of higher plants with a higher abundance in perennial cultural plants. Generally we can consider members of the suborder Criconematina as numerous, adaptable, more or less specialized plant parasitic nematodes occurring worldwide. The main common features of specimens of this suborder are relatively long and robust stylet and small body size. This combination enabled them to inhabit also very poor sites in considerable numbers where other nematodes have no chance. A stylet of Paratylenchus nematodes is from 10 to 40 μm of length, the Gracilacus nematodes from 40 to 120 μm of length. The nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus with shorter stylet attack and damaged the cuticular cells of host roots, however, the nematodes of the genus Gracilacus with the longer stylet are able to damage a deeper level of plant roots. Presented review should serve as a list and an outline of what was by some members of the genera Paratylenchus and Gracilacus previously published in connection with trees and grassland.

scholarly journals Research Note. New data on plant parasitic nematode Longidorus distinctus Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
F. W. Kornobis ◽  
U. Sobczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic

SummaryDuring a survey on the occurrence of the plant parasitic nematodes of the family Longidoridae in Poland, 925 soil samples were taken. Longidorus distinctus was present in 10 (1.08 %) of these samples. In this Research Note we provide: 1) distribution map of these populations, 2) morphometric data, 3) sequence data for D2-D3 28S rDNA and (partial)18S-ITS1 -5.8S(partial) markers and 4) LdistFOR primer (5′-GGCTGTAAAGATATATGCGT-3’) effective in obtaining ITS1 sequence for the species. Morphometric similarities and dissimilarities with data on other published populations are discussed.

scholarly journals Functions of Flavonoids in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chin ◽  
Carolyn Behm ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Most land plants can become infected by plant parasitic nematodes in the field. Plant parasitic nematodes can be free-living or endoparasitic, and they usually infect plant roots. Most damaging are endoparasites, which form feeding sites inside plant roots that damage the root system and redirect nutrients towards the parasite. This process involves developmental changes to the root in parallel with the induction of defense responses. Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have roles in both root development and plant defense responses against a range of microorganisms. Here, we review our current knowledge of the roles of flavonoids in the interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes. Flavonoids are induced during nematode infection in plant roots, and more highly so in resistant compared with susceptible plant cultivars, but many of their functions remain unclear. Flavonoids have been shown to alter feeding site development to some extent, but so far have not been found to be essential for root–parasite interactions. However, they likely contribute to chemotactic attraction or repulsion of nematodes towards or away from roots and might help in the general plant defense against nematodes. Certain flavonoids have also been associated with functions in nematode reproduction, although the mechanism remains unknown. Much remains to be examined in this area, especially under field conditions.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 28 Actinobacteria of the Family Microbacteriaceae Associated with Nematode-Infected Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Tarlachkov ◽  
Irina P. Starodumova ◽  
Lubov V. Dorofeeva ◽  
Natalia V. Prisyazhnaya ◽  
Tatiana V. Roubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Plant Parasitic

ABSTRACT Draft genome sequences of 28 strains of Microbacteriaceae from plants infested by plant-parasitic nematodes were obtained using Illumina technology. The sequence data will provide useful baseline information for the development of comparative genomics and systematics of Microbacteriaceae and facilitate understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in interactions between plants and nematode-associated bacterial complexes.

scholarly journals Isolation of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Pear Orchard at Chhaimale (Pharping) VDC of Kathmandu

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Ramila Shrestha ◽  
Ashok Bahadur Bam
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Isolated Species

Plant-parasitic nematodes are of considerable importance worldwide and their devastating effects on crops have major economic and social impacts. They depend on plants and feed on all parts of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds. The majority of species of plant-parasitic nematodes live on or around plant roots. Nematode damage of the plant’s root system also provides an opportunity for other plant pathogens to invade the root and thus further weakens the plant. A study was carried out to isolate and identify different genera of plant parasitic nematodes from the rhizospheres of pear plants in one of the major pear producing area of Nepal, Chhaimale VDC of Kathmandu district. Altogether seven species of root nematodes were isolated from soil samples collected: Tylenchorhynchus sp., Longidorus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Aphelenchus sp., Mononchus sp. and Diplogaster sp. Among isolated species of nematodes Tylenchorhynchus sp., Longidorus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., and Hoplolaimus sp. are parasitic, Aphelenchus sp. is mycophagic and Mononchus sp. and Diplogaster sp. are predatory in nature. Number of nematodes were not significantly different in different season and at different locations.

An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4545 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
REZA GHADERI ◽  
AKBAR KAREGAR ◽  
ESMAEIL MIRAEIZ ◽  
ABBAS MOKARAM HESAR
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The list of plant parasitic nematodes of the family Tylenchulidae, collected from Iran, is updated. Forty-one species belonging to five genera and three subfamilies are included in the list. Data for seven species of Paratylenchus are added, of which two species—P. perminimus and P. salubris—are new records for the Iranian nematofauna. The list of species, further information on their morphometrics, references to full or partial descriptions, associated plants, geographical distribution and some taxonomic remarks are provided. More detailed studies on some doubtful populations are added. Information on the taxonomic position of species in different classification schemes, as well as the preferences of some species for certain climatic conditions or ecological niches is provided. 

Description of Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. with notes on P. bullatus Sharma & Siddiqi, 1990 from Senegal (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-797
Author(s):  
Mamecor Faye ◽  
Danamou Mounport
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Amphidial Fovea ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractDuring a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in the central regions of Senegal, a new species of Paralongidorus and seven populations of P. bullatus were collected. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. is characterised by its small body size of 2.2-3.6 mm, hemispherical lip region, demarcated from body by a depression, funnel-shaped amphidial fovea and dorsally convex-conoid tail with a broadly rounded terminus. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. closely resembles P. microlaimus and P. oryzae but differs from the former by shorter stylet (113-126 vs 125-136 μm), smaller c ratio (60-85 vs 85-150) and longer tail (35-49 vs 24-32 μm), and from the latter by longer stylet (113-126 vs 92 μm) and longer tail (35-49 vs 30 μm). Paralongidorus bullatus females from seven localities were measured and compared with the type population from Niger. Senegalese specimens were in general less slender and in some cases shorter or longer than those of the type population. Specimens originating from Tambacounda had a dorsally convex-conoid tail lacking the ventral curvature as described for the type population.

scholarly journals New records of plant-parasitic nematodes from Iceland

Polar Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661
Author(s):  
Łukasz Flis ◽  
Franciszek Wojciech Kornobis ◽  
Magdalena Kubicz ◽  
Jón Guðmundsson
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nematode Biodiversity ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract The plant-parasitic nematodes of Iceland are poorly understood. To address this, a study of the nematodes of the families Criconematidae and Hemicycliophoridae was performed in 2015. Soil samples were taken from underneath various host plants in different locations in Iceland. The identification was performed on the basis of the general morphology and subsequently confirmed by molecular markers (D2-D3 28S rDNA). The study revealed the presence of nematode specimens belonging to four species of the family Criconematidae: Criconemoides amorphus, Criconema demani, Mesocriconema xenoplax and Mesocriconema curvatum, as well as one species Hemicycliophora conida of the family Hemicycliophoridae. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the occurrence of these nematode species in Iceland. The species identified are economically important plant-parasitic nematodes of likely interest to—among others—Icelandic plant protection professionals. This report broadens our knowledge of Iceland’s nematode biodiversity; moreover, morphological analyses and molecular data may contribute to better understanding the origin of nematode species on the island of Iceland.

Biomass calculation for plant-parasitic nematodes reveals variability across genera of the same family

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Nematodes are the most abundant metazoan organisms in soils. Plant-parasitic nematodes are a component of nematode communities. Biomass calculation is an important step to link biological communities to ecosystem functioning and services. In the present study, the biomass (fresh weight) of plant-parasitic nematodes was calculated based on a database with taxon-specific body-size values (length and the ratio of length to the greatest body diam.) using publicly available literature. In total, 1653 reported populations worldwide belonging to 890 species from 115 genera of all the families in the infraorder Tylenchomorpha, as well as Longidoridae (order Dorylaimida) and Trichodoridae (order Triplonchida), were included in the calculations. In each of the included genera and families, biomass was estimated for different life stages. The results revealed that certain families should not be treated as an entity for the purposes of ecological studies as they contain different biomass values that may confer different effects on their ecosystems. Members of the family Dolichodoridae sensu lato should be treated as four separate families, viz. Dolichodoridae sensu stricto, Belonolaimidae, Merliniidae and Telotylenchidae. Members of the families Anguinidae, Pratylenchidae and Tylenchulidae should also each be grouped into subcategories on the basis of their body shape (vermiform, fusiform, obese or swollen). The results of the present work may be helpful in studies on nematode community structure, in particular to estimate respiration, assimilation and metabolic footprints of plant-parasitic nematodes.

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