Attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol baited traps in a Slovakian oak forest

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Galko ◽  
Christo Nikolov ◽  
Troy Kimoto ◽  
Andrej Kunca ◽  
Andrej Gubka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
High Release ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
First Time ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

AbstractThe attractiveness of ultra high release ethanol lures to ambrosia beetles in Slovakian oak forests was tested from 2010 to 2012. A total of 24,705 specimens were captured during this three year period with Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) representing 49.28% (12,174 specimens) of the total. Other dominant species captured in the traps were Anisandrus dispar (F., 1792) (27.84%), Xyleborus monographus (F., 1792) (9.72%) and Trypodendron signatum (F., 1792) (6.04%). During this experiment, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) was detected for the first time in Slovakia with an increase in capture each year (19, 40 and 77 specimens, respectively). Flight period for ambrosia beetles in Slovakia occurs from the beginning of April through the end of September. This is the first time that ethanol baited traps were deployed in Slovakian oak forests and the lures were an effective tool for monitoring native and non-native ambrosia beetles.

scholarly journals Diversity of lichen biota of oak forests of the reserve «Vydritsa» (Republic of Belarus, Gomel Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Alexander Yatsyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Data Book ◽  
First Time

As a result of the research, the species composition of lichens and closely related fungi of the oak forest of the reserve «Vydritsa» (Republic of Belarus, Gomel Region) has been revealed. An annotated list, including 113 species has been compiled, 106 of these species are lichens, 6 – non-lichenised saprobic and 1 – lichenicolous fungi. Species Calicium adspersum, Cetrelia olivetorum, Chaenotheca chlorella, Cladonia caespiticia, Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmotrema stuppeum are included in the Red Data Book of Belarus and are listed for the first time for the Svetlogorsk district and the reserve «Vydritsa». The indicator lichens of old-growth oak forests include 20 species; 28 species were recorded in all 12 surveyed localities.

scholarly journals Trapping of ambrosia beetles by artificially produced lures in a oak forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fiala ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone

Ambrosia beetles are among the most damaging forest pests. They are frequently moved intercontinentally and are therefore subject to quarantines. The objective of the current research was to determine whether two commercially produced lures for Trypodendron species also attract central European ambrosia beetles. In 2018, Theysohn<sup>®</sup> traps were deployed in an oak forest that also contained hornbeam and linden trees. Five pair of traps was baited with the standard synthetic pheromone lures, Trypowit<sup>®</sup> or Lineatin Kombi<sup>®</sup>. The 201 adults of ambrosia bark beetles that were trapped were identified to eight species, which represents almost the entire spectrum of oak ambrosia scolytids in the region. Trypodendron domesticum, Xyleborinus saxesenii, and Xyleborus monographus were the most abundant species and exhibited a slight preference for the lure with a higher content of alcohols (Lineatin Kombi<sup>®</sup>). Both lures attracted T. lineatum because both contain lineatin. The number of beetles trapped was low probably because food sources (damaged or wilting oaks) were rare and because the forest was surrounded by agricultural land and therefore isolated from other oak forests.

scholarly journals Attraction of Invasive Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Ethanol-Treated Tree Bolts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Reding ◽  
Christopher M Ranger
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Attack Trees ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract Ethanol-treated bolts (tree stem sections) have potential as monitoring and pesticide screening tools for ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Bolts were infused with ethanol by immersing them for at least 24 h. Attacks on ethanol-treated bolts by Xylosandrus species were compared with captures in ethanol-baited traps. Bolts infused in ethanol were usually as attractive or more attractive to Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) than ethanol-baited bottle traps. Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) were more attracted to bolts than trap in some experiments, but numbers were low and differences were usually not significant. Two techniques for treating bolts with ethanol were compared. Attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol-infused bolts were compared with bolts with a drilled cavity filled with ethanol. Drilled bolts filled with ethanol were attractive to X. germanus and were reliably attacked, but numbers of beetles were often lower than in traps and infused bolts. Aged and fresh ethanol-infused bolts were compared with evaluate residual attractiveness. Bolts aged 7 d usually had fewer X. germanus than fresh bolts and traps, and bolts aged 14 d had no beetles. Ethanol-infused bolts from different species of trees were compared. Xylosandrus germanus attacked all species tested with more attacks usually in red maple (Acer rubrum L.). Anisandrus maiche Stark was attracted to ethanol-infused bolts indicating it may attack trees emitting ethanol. Bolts attracted fewer nontarget species than traps, but residual attraction was much less. The selectivity of ethanol-treated bolts for Xylosandrus species should make them useful for monitoring and screening pesticides against those species.

scholarly journals New Invasive Insects Associated with Oak Forests in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Zinette Moussa ◽  
◽  
Elia Choueiri ◽  
Abdallah Hanna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
First Time

Oak forests (Fagaceae) are native in Lebanonand occupy the largest areas of approximately 40,000 ha. The most common species are Quercus calliprinos, Q. infectoria, Q. cerris var. pseudo cerris andQ.brantii. Due to climate change and human activities, oak forests have become more vulnerable to native and exotic invasive pests. A total of 26insect species associated with oak trees were recently identified in Lebanon. The most dangerous insect pestisthe gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera), onQ. calliprinos andQ. Cerris. The oak leafminer Phyllonorycter libanotica (Lepidoptera)and the Eriophidae(Accari) arethe most species recorded on Q. infectoriaand Q.calliprinosfollowed by the giant mealybug Ceroputo pilosellae(Hemiptera) on Q. infectoriaand Q.calliprinosandthe oak mothThaumetopoea sp.(Lepidoptera) on Q. calliprinos and Q. Cerris. Eightnew species were recorded for the first time in Lebanon on oak and are listed in this paper. Fivespecies of Cinipidae (Hymenoptera): Andricus caputmedusae, A. cecconi, A. sternlichti, Plagiotrochus quercusilicisand Neuroterus quercusbaccarum, one speciesof Scolytidae,Xylosandrus compactus(Coleoptera),one species ofKermesidaeKermes echinatus (Hemiptera)and one species of Diaspididae,Koroneaspis aegilopos(Hemiptera).Keywords: Lebanon, oak, forest decline, invasive species, outbreak

scholarly journals Monitoring Flight Activity of Ambrosia Beetles in Ornamental Nurseries with Ethanol-Baited Traps: Influence of Trap Height on Captures

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Reding ◽  
Jason Oliver ◽  
Peter Schultz ◽  
Chris Ranger
Keyword(s):  
Flight Activity ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Ground Monitoring ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

Abstract Ethanol-baited bottle traps were used to monitor spring flight activity of the ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus crassiusculus and Xylosandrus germanus in Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia. The traps were deployed at three different heights to determine if height influenced captures. X. germanus was captured in all three states, while X. crassiusculus was captured in TN and VA only. Traps 0.5 m above the ground captured more X. germanus than traps at 1.7 or 3.0 m. Traps 0.5 or 1.7 m above the ground captured more X. crassiusculus than traps at 3.0 m. In TN and VA, first activity of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus occurred from mid-March to early April. In OH, first activity of X. germanus occurred early to mid-April. Analysis of attacks by X. germanus on Cornus florida revealed that more than 90% of the attacks occurred on the main trunk within 1 m (3 ft) of the ground. Monitoring will be most effective when traps are suspended 0.5 or &lt; 1.7 m above the ground for X. germanus or X. crassiusculus, respectively. To detect first flight of X. crassiusculus or X. germanus, traps should be deployed by early to mid-March in TN and VA and late March in OH.

LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF TRYPODENDRON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Lindgren ◽  
S.E.R. Hoover ◽  
A.M. MacIsaac ◽  
C.I. Keeling ◽  
K.N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species of Trypodendron Stephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed that Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin. Trypodendron rufitarsus (Kirby) and Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and like T. lineatum were caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight of T. rufitarsus commenced earlier and ceased before the peak of the T. lineatum flight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period of T. retusum was similar to that of T. lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches of T. rufitarsus and T. retusum increased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.

scholarly journals Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gugliuzzo ◽  
Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Louela A. Castrillo ◽  
James P. Egonyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽  
History Of

AbstractWe provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

scholarly journals The first report of ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) in salt marshes and salt pans in central parts of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD REZA MOHSENI ◽  
SHAHROKH PASHAEI RAD
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Mountain Station ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time

The present study was conducted in Salt marshes and Salt pans in central parts of Iran. 121 specimens of ants were collected by trapping and hand during spring, summer and autumn 2017 to 2019. Nine species belong to two subfamilies of Myrmicinae and Formicinae were identified. The vegetation, physical and chemical parameters of soil such as salinity, Ph, and other factors were investigated. Darband Shoor Mountain station with five species had the highest diversity and vegetation density and the lowest salinity of soil (72.14 ds/m) whereas Salt Lake station had only one species, with no vegetation and the highest salinity of soil (153.15 ds/m). Cataglyphis lividus (André, 1881) was the dominant species in all the stations except in Darband Shoor Mountain station. All the species were reported for the first time from salt marshes and salt pans in the central parts of Iran and were approved by Prof. Brian Taylor, in Royal Entomological Society of London, England.

scholarly journals Succession of Xeric Calcareous Grassland Toward Thermophilous Oak Forest: The Case of Abava Valley, West Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-281
Author(s):  
Māris Laiviņš ◽  
Agnese Priede ◽  
Dārta Kaupe ◽  
Andis Lazdiņš
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Abstract The succession of semi-natural xeric calcareous grassland plant communities toward deciduous forest communities is poorly studied in Latvia. There is insufficient knowledge on the natural transformation of dry calcareous grasslands of Festuco-Brometea into thermophilous quasi-climax oak forest communities of Quercetea pubescentis that are very rare in Latvia. In this paper, a geobotanical study is presented that included studies of soils, tree age, spatial pattern of trees, vegetation composition of different succession stages, and analysis of environmental factors. The study was conducted in the Abava Valley, West Latvia, an area that is unique with species-rich xeric calcareous Festuco-Brometea grasslands, thermophilous oak forests dominated by Quercus robur, and intermediate secondary succession stages with young to medium-aged Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris formations.

scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

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