scholarly journals Optimization of gas injection conditions during deposition of AlN layers by novel reactive GIMS method

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zdunek ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier ◽  
Rafal Chodun ◽  
Jerzy Dora ◽  
Sebastian Okrasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pulsed Discharge ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Pulsed Injection ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn 2011, we proposed a novel magnetron sputtering method. It involved the use of pulsed injection of working gas for the initiation and control of gas discharge during reactive sputtering of an AlN layer (Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering — GIMS). Unfortunately, the presence of Al-Al bonds was found in XPS spectra of the AlN layers deposited by GIMS onto Si substrate. Our studies reported in this paper proved that the synchronization of time duration of the pulses of both gas injection and applied voltage, resulted in the elimination of Al-Al bonds in the AlN layer material, which was confirmed by the XPS studies. In our opinion the most probable reason of Al-Al bonds in the AlN layers deposited by the GIMS was the self-sputtering of the Al target in the final stage of the pulsed discharge.

Recent Progress of Nano-Seconds Pulsed Discharge and its Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douyan Wang ◽  
Takao Namihira ◽  
Hidenori Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Pulsed Discharge ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Discharge Plasmas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulsed Power Generator

AbstractNon-thermal plasma has been widely used for various applications. The observation of discharge plasmas is an essential aspect for understanding the plasma physics of this growing field. Generally, a pulsed discharge having time duration of 100s nanoseconds consists of streamer head propagation, glow-like discharge and arc discharge phases. It is well known that the propagation phenomenon of the streamer head between electrodes is strongly influenced by the polarity of the applied voltage. Typically, both of the positive and negative streamer heads propagate with the acceleration, and the propagation velocity of the positive streamer head is faster than that of the negative one. In the present study, a nano-seconds pulsed power generator which can generate a pulsed voltage with 5 ns of duration and 2.5 ns of rise and fall times was developed, and the propagation of the positive and negative streamer heads were observed using this generator. The results show that the discharge phenomena are totally different from the general pulsed discharge. The average propagation velocity of the nano-seconds streamer heads was 6.1 mm/ns for 67 kV applied voltage, which is five times faster than that of the general one (100 ns of pulse duration). Furthermore, no significant difference of the propagation velocities was observed between the positive and negative applied voltages. The reason for the faster propagation velocity resulted in the nano-seconds pulsed discharge is the faster voltage rise time in comparison with the general pulsed discharge. Furthermore, the application using nano-seconds pulsed discharge for ozone generation showed highest energy efficiency than other discharge methods.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

Plasmochemical investigations of DLC/WCx nanocomposite coatings synthesized by gas injection magnetron sputtering technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wicher ◽  
R. Chodun ◽  
R. Kwiatkowski ◽  
M. Trzcinski ◽  
K. Nowakowska–Langier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings

The state of coating–substrate interfacial region formed during TiO2 coating deposition by Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 126092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Chodun ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier ◽  
Bartosz Wicher ◽  
Sebastian Okrasa ◽  
Roch Kwiatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
The State ◽  
Tio2 Coating ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Coating Deposition

The Effect of Group Counseling on Educable Mentally Retarded Boys’ Self Concepts

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Mann ◽  
James D. Beaber ◽  
Milton D. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Group Counseling ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Factors

The effects of group counseling on the self concepts of young educable mentally handicapped boys were studied, along with the variables of anxiety, deportment and achievement in reading and arithmetic as rated by teachers, attendance, IQ, and age. Results indicated that those who received group counseling tended to exhibit greater improvement in self concept, more reduction in anxiety, and better grades in deportment and the academic subjects of reading and arithmetic, than those who did not receive the counseling. No significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in attendance. Age and IQ were not found to be significant factors in the counseled group.

Effects of Thickness on Resistance Switching Properties of ZnMn2O4 Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1275-1278
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Zhi Da Li ◽  
Ji Wen Xu ◽  
Yu Pei Zhang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Random Access Memory ◽  
Resistance Switching ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
Resistive Switching Behavior ◽  
Bipolar Resistive Switching ◽  
Resistance Random Access Memory

ZnMn2O4films for resistance random access memory (RRAM) were fabricated on p-Si substrate by magnetron sputtering. The effects of thickness onI-Vcharacteristics, resistance switching behavior and endurance characteristics of ZnMn2O4films were investigated. The ZnMn2O4films with a structure of Ag/ZnMn2O4/p-Si exhibit bipolar resistive switching behavior. With the increase of thickness of ZnMn2O4films from 0.83μm to 2.3μm, both theVONand the number of stable repetition switching cycle increase, but theRHRS/RLRSratio decrease, which indicated that the ZnMn2O4films with a thickness of 0.83μm has the biggestRHRS/RLRSratio and the lowestVONandVOFF, but the worst endurance characteristics.

The “Smart” Regulatory Framework

2014 ◽  
pp. 58-86
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Smart Regulation ◽  
Responsive Regulation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Regulation Mode

Based on the recognition that neither the command-and-control nor the self-regulation mode based regulation can accommodate the ever growing complexity of the financial market, this chapter argues that a new regulatory regime is needed. This chapter discusses the four theoretical concepts -- governmentality, reflexivity, responsive regulation and ‘smart’ regulation – that anchor a proposed alternative “smart” regulatory framework.

Gandhi’s Marvellous Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-119
Author(s):  
Imraan Coovadia
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
The Self ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control

The chapter examines Gandhi’s mature conceptions of decolonization and social change, which he developed alongside his interpretation of Tolstoy and Tolstoy’s understanding of colonialism. Gandhi seems to have expected social transformation to come immediately, as a kind of miracle of consciousness, yet he also imagined change as an indefinitely protracted process, dominated by delay and reversion, as a counter to the clarity and swiftness of revolutionary upheaval. He was particularly concerned with conversion of the adversary and control of the self as the motors of social change. The chapter considers the arguments of Hind Swaraj and the ways in which Gandhi referred to the example of South Africa even when in India, as well as the extent to which questions posed by Tolstoy in the ‘Letter to a Hindoo’ shaped Gandhi’s thinking.

scholarly journals Measurement of plasma electron temperature and density by using different applied voltages and working pressures in a magnetron sputtering system

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah N. Mazhir ◽  
Mohammed K. Khalaf ◽  
Sarah K. Taha ◽  
Hussein K . Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Sputtering System

This paper discusses applying different voltages and pressure in the presence of silver target and argon gas to produce plasma. Home-made dc magnetron sputtering system was used to produce glow discharge plasma. The distance between two electrodes is 4 cm. Gas used to produce plasma is argon that flows inside the chamber with flow rate 40 sccm. Intensity of spectral lines, electron temperature and electron density were studied. The results show that the intensity of spectral lines increases with the increase of the working pressure and applied voltage. Electron temperature increases by the increase of applied voltage but decreases with the increase of working pressure, while electron density decreases with the increase of applied voltage and increases with the increase of working pressure. This research demonstrates a new low cost approach to start producing high corrosion resistance materials.  

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