scholarly journals Exogenous Cultural Change in the Background of the Generational Change: The Case from Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Martin Soukup ◽  
Jan D. Bláha
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Local Community ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Local History ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
First Time

Abstract An analysis of cultural change and generation gaps in the local community of the Nungon ethnic group in the state of Papua New Guinea will be the subject of the study. This ethnic group came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the mid-1930s. The pace of cultural changes within the community has been gradually increasing. For example, the local animistic cult has been replaced with Christianity, school attendance has been introduced in the villages of Nungon, travel opportunities have become more accessible, and as the mobile signal has recently been introduced, Nungon residents can now connect to the internet and access information about the globalised world. Those who remember the colonial period still live in the community and many of them are still illiterate, with only limited knowledge of Pidgin English, the lingua franca of Papua New Guinea. On the other hand, the youngest generation can study in cities or experiment with social media and share information there. The aim of the paper is not only to show intergenerational differences, but also to document the local history and its ties to particular generations and show the role the generational memory played in illiterate societies with unwritten history. The only existing written and photographic documents were created by colonial officers. The study will show the transformation of the Nungon community from the time of photographs kept in boxes to the youngest generation, which keeps photographs in mobile phones and shares them on social media.

scholarly journals Can There Be Conversion Without Cultural Change?

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Anthropology Of Christianity ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

This article takes a sociocultural anthropological approach to conversion. It asks not about the causes of conversion, but about the kinds of cultural changes conversion produces and the mechanisms by which it brings about such changes. Drawing on the author’s research among a recently converted group in Papua New Guinea and on other work produced by scholars working in the anthropology of Christianity, the article argues that Christianity is a culture of secondarity, designed to come after another culture that previously guided its converts. Moreover, Christian converts tend to engage their prior cultures not by completely rejecting them, but by evaluating their components critically in relation to new Christian values. This produces a duplex cultural formation that regularly fosters critical reflection and ongoing cultural change. This model of change is briefly distinguished from more common models of syncretism, suggesting a new understanding of the relationship between conversion and cultural change.本文从社会文化人类学的角度探讨转化这课题。所问的问题不是转化的原因，而是由转化而产生的文化转变，及带来这种转变的机制。从作者对巴布亚新几内亚最近信主的群体的研究，及其他基督教人类学学者的著作， 本文论证基督教乃是第二类文化，是在之前引导人信主的文化之后才进入的文化。而且，信主的人倾向与前文化继续接触，不是完全地拒绝，而是以基督教新的价值观来衡量原文化的各个因素。这就形成了双层文化，促进尖锐的反思和不断的文化转变。这种转变模式不同于常见的融合主义的模式，而是带出一种对转化与文化改变之间的关系的新的认识。El artículo adopta un enfoque sociocultural antropológico sobre la conversión. No trata las causas de la conversión, sino los tipos de cambios culturales producidos por la conversión y los mecanismos por los cuales se producen tales cambios. Se toma como punto de partida la investigación hecha entre un grupo de recién convertidos en Papúa Nueva Guinea y en otro trabajo realizado por profesionales en el área de antropología del cristianismo; el artículo sostiene que el cristianismo es una cultura de secundariedad que aparece luego de que otra cultura haya antes guiado a los ahora convertidos.Además, los cristianos convertidos se relacionan con sus culturas anteriores evaluando críticamente sus componentes en relación a los nuevos valores cristianos pero no las rechazan completamente. Esto produce una doble formación cultural que fomenta, en forma regular, la reflexión crítica y los cambios constantes. Este modelo de cambio se lo distingue brevemente de los modelos más comunes de sincretismo, y sugiere una nueva comprensión de la relación entre la conversión y el cambio cultural.This article is in English.

scholarly journals School libraries, information gap and social inclusion in Papua New Guinea – Making it happen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning

School libraries, just like the school community, do reflect the social environment in which they operate. This is the story of the emergence of one such library, within Papua New Guinea and its development through the assistance of AUSAID. It looks at an idea – Resource Based Learning - which has enabled the local community to take ownership of a resource centre which will now be able to provide a true teaching/learning environment for all of the community. It is more than a collection of books! It has the beginnings of a vibrant active resource for the whole community.

scholarly journals Small Arms and Armed Violence in Papua New Guinea: Developing a demand-reduction agenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bradley James Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
National Government ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Light Weapons

<p>The Papua New Guinea government has adopted a range of measures aimed at reducing the supply of illicit small arms and light weapons in response to persistent problems with their use in inter-communal fighting and crime. However, these measures have been largely ineffective at reducing the level of armed violence in PNG, in part because of the failure to also address the demand that exists for these weapons. A nascent demand reduction agenda has emerged at the local level throughout Papua New Guinea in response to the failure of the national government to adequately address small arms and armed violence problems. This thesis provides a detailed overview of national, regional and international initiatives to address small arms issues and examines how they have been implemented in PNG. It then examines initiatives by local community groups and NGOs that are aimed at reducing small arms and armed violence and considers how successful they have been.</p>

Synopsis of Australasian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), with a key to genera and description of new taxa

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Austin ◽  
PC Dangerfield
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Australasian Region

The genera of microgastrine braconid wasps present in the Australasian region (defined as Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Solomon Is, Fiji Is, Samoan Is, Cook Is, but not French Polynesia) are reviewed. An illustrated key to genera, comments on their taxonomy, and information on the distribution and host relationships of species are provided. Following examination of holotypes, the generic placement of all species recorded from the region is reassessed since a recent generic reclassification of the subfamily left most of the Australasian species incorrectly placed. Parapanteles Ashmead (N.T.), Fornicia Brullé (Qld) and Deuterixys Mason (Qld) are recorded from Australasia for the first time, while Buluka De Seager, Parenion Nixon, Snellenius Westwood and Wilkinsonellus Mason, previously known from Australasia, are recorded from mainland Australia for the first time. The genus Austrocotesia is described as new [with A. exigua, sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea) as the type species], along with the following 14 species: Austrocotesia delicata, sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea, Qld), A. paradoxa, sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Buluka collessi, sp. nov. (Qld), Deuterixys anica, sp. nov. (Vic., N.S. W., Qld), Fornicia commoni, sp. nov. (Qld), Glyptapanteles deliasa, sp. nov. (S.A.), Microgaster nixoni, sp. nov. (Tas., N.S.W.), Parapanteles masoni, sp. nov. (N.T.), Parenion beelaronga, sp. nov. (Qld), P. bootha, sp. nov. (Qld), Sathon albicoxa, sp. nov. (Tas., Vic., N.S.W.), S. naryciae, sp. nov. (Vic.), Wilkinsonellus amplus, sp. nov. (Qld, N.T.) and W. tomi, sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea, New Britain, Qld). Glyptapanteles guyanensis (Cameron), comb. nov. is excluded from the Australasian fauna; the name Glyptapanteles fullawayi, nom. nov. (Samoa) is proposed for Apanteles opercuiinae var. polita Fullaway; lectotypes are designated for Cotesia deliadis (Bingham), comb. nov. (Qld), C. philoeampa (Cameron), comb. nov. (N.S.W) and C. rufiventris (Bingham), comb. nov. (Qld); Glyptapanteles operculinae (Fullaway), comb. nov. (Samoa), Microgaster kuchingensis Wilkinson (Papua New Guinea) and Sathon moratus (Wilkinson), comb. nov. (Vic., S.A., W.A.) are redescribed; and 41 additional new combinations are proposed.

The Hydroporini (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae : Hydroporinae) of New Guinea: Systematics, distribution and origin of the fauna

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Balke
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Seasonal Climate ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
First Time

Only one species of Hydroporini, Megaporus piceatus (RCgimbart, 1892), has been known from New Guinea. M. piceatus is very similar to the Australian M. ruficeps (Sharp, 1882) and study of additional material is neccessary to determine its status. Chostonectes maai, sp. nov., is described from Papua New Guinea. Its sister-species is the Australian C. gigas (Boheman, 1858). The classification of the genera Megaporus Brinck, 1943, and Chostonectes Sharp, 1882, is discussed, and autapomorphies for both groups are suggested. The following species of Hydroporini are reported from New Guinea for the first time: Megaporus sp., Antiporus sp., and Sternoprisccts hansardi (Clark, 1862). A total of five Hydroporini species is now known from New Guinea. All are Australian, or of Australian origin. The New Guinean Hydroporini are not a monophyletic group. The factors delimiting the distribution of Hydroporini in New Guinea are climate and perhaps also vegetation. Australian Hydroporini are adapted to a seasonal climate and most of them also to open forests/woodland.

scholarly journals A revision of the ant genus Probolomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae) in Australia and Melanesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3444 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. SHATTUCK ◽  
N. R. GUNAWARDENE ◽  
B. HETERICK
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
First Time

Five species of the rarely encountered ant genus Probolomyrmex are known from Australia and Papua New Guinea, four of which are described here for the first time. Two species belong to the greavesi species-group (P. greavesi, P. latalongus sp. n.) while three belong to the longinodus species-group (P. aliundus sp. n., P. newguinensis sp. n., P. simplex sp. n.). The genus is now known to occur broadly across northern Australia and P. newguinensis and P. simplex are the first species of the genus described from Papua New Guinea. A key to Australian and Melanesian species is provided.

New species of pinnotherid crabs from Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANE T. AHYONG ◽  
PETER K.L. NG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pacific Species

Three new Indo-West Pacific species of pinnotherid crabs are described, one each of Arcotheres, Buergeres and Nepinnotheres. Arcotheres pollus, described from Paway Island, Mergui Archipelago, is most similar to A. boninensis (Stimpson, 1858), A. pernicola (Bürger, 1895) and A. purpureus (Alcock, 1900), sharing a transversely ovate carapace and long, slender, almost styliform dactyli of P4 and 5 that are about twice the length of those of P2 and 3. Buergeres choprai, described from Papua New Guinea, is most similar to B. deccanesis (Chopra, 1931) from eastern India but differentiated by segment proportions and setation of the walking legs. Buergeres tenuipes (Bürger, 1895) is synonymised with B. ortmanni (Bürger, 1895), which is also reported for the first time from Indonesia. A male of an undetermined species of Buergeres from the Philippines, possibly B. ortmanni, is figured and described, documenting the gonopod morphology in Buergeres for the first time. A key to the species of Buergeres based on females is provided. Nepinnotheres fulvia sp. nov. is also described from Papua New Guinea, and resembles N. cardii (Bürger, 1895) from the Philippines and Malaysia but can be distinguished by features of the chelipeds and maxilliped 3. 

A checklist of the butterflies of Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and some adjacent areas

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1178 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JOHN TENNENT
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

A systematic checklist of the butterflies of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia is presented. A significant number of previously unpublished island records were found in major museum collections in the UK, Australia and the USA. Aspects of butterfly distribution, authorship of names, and taxonomy are addressed, and sources for about 2,200 published butterfly names are incorporated in a comprehensive bibliography of Pacific butterflies. Combined with recent publications dealing with specific areas, such as Papua New Guinea, a working systematic checklist of Pacific Region butterflies is available for the first time.

A review of the genus Eriogenes Meyrick (Lepidoptera : Elachistidae : Stenomatinae) in Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
E. D. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The genus Eriogenes Meyrick, with three species, is reviewed. A lectotype of Phanaca cossoides Butler is designated and the species placed in Eriogenes as a senior subjective synonym of E. meyricki Duckworth. The known species of Eriogenes Meyrick, E. mesogypsa Meyrick and E. cossoides both described from Papua New Guinea, are redescribed based on Australian material and E. mesogypsa is recorded from Australia for the first time. A third, and new, species from Australia is described here as E. nielseni, sp. nov. Females of Eriogenes were previously unknown but females of two species are described here. Characters to differentiate Eriogenes and Agriophara Rosenstock are discussed.

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