scholarly journals Relationship Between Motor Variability, Accuracy, and Ball Speed in the Tennis Serve

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruperto Antúnez ◽  
Francisco Hernández ◽  
Juan García ◽  
Raúl Vaíllo ◽  
Jesús Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Motor Variability ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Relationship Between Motor Variability, Accuracy, and Ball Speed in the Tennis ServeThe main objective of this study was to analyze the motor variability in the performance of the tennis serve and its relationship to performance outcome. Seventeen male tennis players took part in the research, and they performed 20 serves. Linear and non-linear variability during the hand movement was measured by 3D Motion Tracking. Ball speed was recorded with a sports radar gun and the ball bounces were video recorded to calculate accuracy. The results showed a relationship between the amount of variability and its non-linear structure found in performance of movement and the outcome of the serve. The study also found that movement predictability correlates with performance. An increase in the amount of movement variability could affect the tennis serve performance in a negative way by reducing speed and accuracy of the ball.

scholarly journals Skill Level in Tennis Serve Return Is Related to Adaptability in Visual Search Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Rosker ◽  
Ziva Majcen Rosker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
National Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
The Individual

Analyzing visual search strategies in tennis is primarily focused on studying relationships between visual behavior and tennis performance. However, diverse movement characteristics among different servers suggest the importance of adjusting the visual search strategies of an individual while playing against different opponents. The aim of this study was to analyze whether visual search strategies can be attributed to the individual server and the returning player during the tennis serve return or return performance. Seventeen tennis players were enrolled in this study (five international players and 12 national players) producing a sample of 1,020 returns measured with mobile eye trackers. The random forest machine learning model was used to analyze the ability to classify the returning player [area under the curve (AUC): 0.953], individual server (AUC: 0.686), and return performance category (AUC: 0.667) based on the location and duration of the focal vision fixation. In international tennis players, the higher predictability of the server was observed as compared with national level players (AUC: 0.901 and 0.834, respectively). More experienced tennis players presented with a higher ability to adjust their visual search strategies to different servers. International players also demonstrated anticipatory visual behavior during the tossing hand movement and superior information pickup during the final phases of the stroke of a server.

scholarly journals Balance dynamics are related to age and levels of expertise. Application in young and adult tennis players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249941
Author(s):  
Carla Caballero ◽  
David Barbado ◽  
Héctor Hérnandez-Davó ◽  
José Luis Hernández-Davó ◽  
Francisco J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Balance Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship

In tennis, coaches consider balance fundamental for the acquisition of skilled motor performance. However, the potential relationship between balance and tennis expertise and performance has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between balance and tennis performance using linear and non-linear parameters through 1) the comparison of tennis players of different ages and levels of expertise, and 2) analyzing the relationship between balance and tennis serving speed and accuracy. One hundred and six recreational and expert male tennis players took part in the study (age range 10–35 years old). Temporal dynamics of postural control during a balance task on an unstable surface were analyzed through the mean velocity and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAV) of center of pressure (COP). Tennis serve performance was quantified by measuring accuracy and speed. Traditional variables measuring balance performance only showed differences according to age but not to sport performance. COP showed a reduction of auto-correlated variability (reflected by DFAV) with age but mainly in expert players. COP dynamics was the only balance parameter discriminating sport expertise and it was related to age. Balance dynamics exhibited by expert tennis players DFAV results support the idea that, along the years, sport experience induces balance adaptations characterized by a higher ability to perform postural adjustments. These results also reinforce the use of non-linear analysis to reveal subtle balance adaptations produced by sport practice. Finally, the lack of correlations suggests that balance, measured with scattering variables, in a non-specific task is not a main determinant of sport performance in tennis serve.

scholarly journals Effects of Tennis Match-induced Fatigue on Serve Performance in College Tennis Team Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Chunxiao LI ◽  
Kalam SAM ◽  
Shihui CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Male College ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
College Team ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Tennis Match

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The aim of this study was to determine whether fatigue induced by a match-like protocol could impose a negative impact on tennis service accuracy and speed. Participants (N=8) served balls in both rested and after match-like protocol conditions. The result indicated that the match-like protocol did not influence both the service accuracy (.785, p<.05) and speed (-.487, p<.05). It was concluded that the match inducted fatigue may not influence the speed and accuracy of the tennis serve, at least on the male college team players. Further study should be conducted by including more participants with varying tennis playing levels or experiences. Female tennis players should be included in future studies to explore if fatigue affects gender differently. 本文的目的在於探索模擬比賽情境下所引發的運動疲勞是否會對網球運動員的發球準度和速度產生影響。8名高校網球校隊隊員在熱身後，和真實比賽環境后進行了發球測試。結果發現模擬比賽環境下所引發的運動疲勞並未對發球的准(p=.785)和速度(p=-.487)產生影響。未來的相關研究有必要招募不同水平的網球運動員來探索比賽情境下引發的運動疲勞是否會對發球表現造成影響。另外，性別差異也是一個值得關注的研究內容。

scholarly journals Reliability and Accuracy of Ball Speed During Different Strokes in Young Tennis Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. E133-E141
Author(s):  
Irene González-González ◽  
David Rodríguez-Rosell ◽  
David Clavero-Martín ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Custodio ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Ranking List ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship between anthropometric and sport level (SL) variables and both ball speed and accuracy in young male competitive tennis players. A secondary aim of this study was to analyze the possible differences in ball speed and accuracy between players of different competitive levels. A total of 85 players (age: 14.7±2.4 years; height: 1.65±0.12 m; body weight: 56.3±13.4 kg) were divided into five groups according to their positions in the ranking list. To measure stroke performances, the goal was to hit 20 balls at the maximum possible speed inside the court, with the opportunity of hitting a maximum of 30 balls for each groundstroke and 40 for serve. Accuracy was calculated by dividing the number of balls inside the default surface by the total number of hits. The ball speed showed high reliability for all three strokes assessed. The ball speed progressively increased as SL increased for all strokes, whereas accuracy remained unchanged across SL groups. All independent variables presented significant relationships (r=0.59–0.85, p<0.05–0.001) with ball speed for all strokes. However, after applying partial correlations these relationships decreased substantially (r=0.02–0.51). The accuracy showed significant relationships with SL only in the serve (r=0.31, p<0.05) and backhand (r=0.26, p<0.05) strokes. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that tennis performance depends on increasing ball speed while maintaining a relatively stable level of accuracy.

Gait kinematics in Low Back Pain: A non-linear approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christos Tsigkanos ◽  
Theano Demestiha ◽  
Chara Spiliopoulou ◽  
Georgios Tsigkanos
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Healthy Participants

BACKGROUND: Kinematic analysis has been a dominant tool for addressing the neuromuscular and proprioceptive alterations that occur in Low Back Pain (LBP) patients. Movement variability is a crucial component of this analysis. During the past years a promising approach appears to be the application of non-linear indices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare movement variability, as expressed mainly by non-linear indices, at the pelvis and lumbar between LBP patients and healthy participants during gait. METHODS: Sixteen (16) LBP patients and thirteen (13) healthy control subjects (non-athletes) participated in the study. Participants walked on a treadmill at different walking conditions while recorded by a 6-infrared camera optoelectronic system. Kinematic variability of pelvic and lumbar movement was analyzed using linear (standard deviation) and non-linear indices (Maximal Lyapunov Exponent – LyE and Approximate Entropy – ApEn). RESULTS: Healthy subjects were found to have significantly greater mean values than LBP patients at seven pelvic and lumbar components in LyE, ApEn and SD. Specifically, the calculated LyE at the pelvis during normal gait was proven to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 90% in the discrimination of healthy subjects from LBP patients. Female subjects presented with higher variability in gait measures than males. CONCLUSION: Healthy participants presented with higher movement variability in their kinematic behavior in comparison to LBP patients. Lower variability values may be partly explained by the attempt of LBP patients to avoid painful end of range of motion positions. In this perspective non-linear indices seem to relate to qualitive characteristics of movement that need to be taken into consideration during rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7717
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Jesús Díaz-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players’ performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without cognitive load on serve speed and accuracy, spirometry, and strength manifestation. Methods: 32 recreational players (25 men and 7 women; aged 21.40 ± 1.52 years) performed a HIIT and a HIIT with a Stroop in recovery phases before performing a series of tennis services. Speed and accuracy of the services, spirometry, and strength manifestations were registered. Results: The main findings of the study showed that strength manifestations and spirometry were not affected by either protocol. A decrease in serve speed was observed in both protocols (p < 0.001) but service accuracy did not show impairments (p = 0.66). Conclusion: A combination of physical and mental fatigue may decrease serve speed but will not affect strength manifestations or spirometry negatively. These results could be caused by a response of the central nervous system to maintain the accuracy of the ball in presence of fatigue.

scholarly journals Training Level Does Not Affect Auditory Perception of The Magnitude of Ball Spin in Table Tennis

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. R. Santos ◽  
Roberto N. Barbosa ◽  
Luiz H. P. Vieira ◽  
Paulo R. P. Santiago ◽  
Alessandro M. Zagatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Fast Spin ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIdentifying the trajectory and spin of the ball with speed and accuracy is critical for good performance in table tennis. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of table tennis players presenting different levels of training/experience to identify the magnitude of the ball spin from the sound produced when the racket hit the ball. Four types of “forehand” contact sounds were collected in the laboratory, defined as: Fast Spin (spinning ball forward at 140 r/s); Medium Spin (105 r/s); Slow Spin (84 r/s); and Flat Hit (less than 60 r/s). Thirty-four table tennis players of both sexes (24 men and 10 women) aged 18-40 years listened to the sounds and tried to identify the magnitude of the ball spin. The results revealed that in 50.9% of the cases the table tennis players were able to identify the ball spin and the observed number of correct answers (10.2) was significantly higher (χ2 = 270.4, p <0.05) than the number of correct answers that could occur by chance. On the other hand, the results did not show any relationship between the level of training/experience and auditory perception of the ball spin. This indicates that auditory information contributes to identification of the magnitude of the ball spin, however, it also reveals that, in table tennis, the level of training does not interfere with the auditory perception of the ball spin.

scholarly journals Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Zappala ◽  
Carolina Orrego ◽  
Emily Boe ◽  
Heather Fechner ◽  
Derek Salminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Division Iii ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Tennis Serve
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