scholarly journals Poverty and Social Exclusion in the Rural Areas of Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Jász
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Poverty and Social Exclusion in the Rural Areas of Hungary The study analyses the role of - two so-called collective factors - spatiality and ethnicity in social exclusion in Hungary. Furthermore, it highlights the unfavourable effects of incorrect political decisions concerning regional development on rural poverty and exclusion in Hungary's history since the end of World War II. It suggests the need for a new practice of monitoring and focused reporting at micro-regional level, close cooperation of regional development and social policy actors in regional planning, as well as a definite commitment of local decision makers in order to reduce spatial inequalities and avoid further escalation of exclusion.

The theory and reality of urban slums: Pathways-out-of-poverty or cul-de-sacs?

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Turok ◽  
Jackie Borel-Saladin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Important Test ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

This article explores two contrasting perspectives on the role of informal settlements in urban labour markets. One proposes that they help to lift households out of rural poverty and onto a path to prosperity through affordable access to urban opportunities. The other suggests that the debilitating conditions confine residents to enduring hardship and insecurity. South Africa is an important test case because of the extent of social and spatial inequalities, and the policy ambivalence towards shack settlements. Preliminary evidence indicates that employment rates are much closer to formal urban areas than to rural areas, but conditions of employment are noticeably worse. Other forms of data are required to assess the magnitude and timescale of economic progression for households.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty and its Consequences in Structurally Weak Rural Areas of Austria from the Mayors’ Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-231
Author(s):  
Tatjana Fischer ◽  
Karl Martin Born
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Objective View ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Abstract Poverty, material deprivation and marginalization are widespread phenomena in rural areas and since the 1980s, the subject of geographical research. In this paper, we combine the (spatial-related) aspects of rural poverty and quality of life when the perception and evaluation of poverty by local decision makers (mayors) is linked to their efforts to keep the municipality vital. The specific focus on the “inner view” on poverty illustrates the complexity of the issue: It is not only the well-known difficulty to identify the extent of rural poverty and deprivation in rural municipalities as statistical data and the “hiddenness” of poor people obstruct an objective view on it but also the individual perception of decision makers. The results from 40 mayors of structurally very weak (rural) municipalities in Austria reveals limitations of political dealings with poverty and marginalization and sets the context for a reinterpretation of public services on the background of the politically much favored civic engagement.

Planning as a barrier for growth: Analysing storylines on the reform of the Danish Planning Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Olesen ◽  
Helen Carter
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Inequalities

In this paper, we investigate how the discourse ‘planning as a barrier for growth’ has been structured in the public debate in Denmark, and how this discourse has created a political pressure to reform the Planning Act. We identify three main storylines, which support the discourse that planning constitutes a barrier for growth in the most rural areas of Denmark, framed as ‘Outer Denmark’ in the public debate. We argue that the contemporary critique of planning in Denmark has a distinct spatial dimension, in which planning deregulation is rationalised as a means to boost development in the economic periphery and combat increasing socio-spatial inequalities. Whilst the ideology and rationality behind the storylines calling for deregulation of planning can be interpreted as rooted in social welfarism, we argue that the framing of Outer Denmark is merely being used in the public debate to legitimise the (neo)liberalisation of spatial planning in Denmark. Nevertheless, the case of planning deregulation in Denmark is illustrative of how spatialities are discursively (re)constructed and enacted in order to challenge and transform the role of planning in the context of neoliberalism.

scholarly journals Role of Infaq in Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 935-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail J. Malik ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Nasim S. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Agrarian Structure

A number of studies such as Naseem (1973, 1977); Allaudin (1975); Mujahid (1978); Irfan and Amjad (1984); Kruijk and Leeuwan (1985); Cheema (1985); Malik (1988); Akhtar (1988); Ercelawn (1988, 1989, 1990); Ahmad and Ludlow (1990); Havinga et al. (1990, 199Oa); Malik (1992) and Zaidi and de Vos (1993) have been undertaken to analyse the phenomena of poverty in Pakistan. The general picture that emerges from these studies is that although poverty is widespread in Pakistan, it is more prevalent in rural areas. Poverty increased during the 1960s, but it has been declining ever since 1970. The change in agrarian structure during the 1960s contributed towards the higher rural poverty. A respectable rate of economic growth and the increase In foreign remittances are generally mentioned as factors responsible for the decline in poverty since the 1970s. The introduction of zakat and ushr system in 1980 also played its role in this regard. However, poverty still remains One of the most serious problems in the country.

scholarly journals POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS: AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Poverty Lines

This article is an attempt to determine the level of poverty in rural areas in Poland. The author reviewed the most important publications on poverty and the indicators that determine its scale. Relative, objective and subjective poverty lines were used to present the range of rural poverty against the background of total poverty. Analyses showed that the at-risk-of-poverty rate for rural areas in Poland amounted to 21.2%. This means that almost every fifth rural resident is at risk of poverty, whereas every tenth resident is at risk of extreme poverty. The article also presents the rural areas in Poland which are at the highest risk of social exclusion. These areas were distinguished on the basis of the number of registered families receiving social benefits. Both Eurostat (EU-SILC) and Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland (BDL GUS) were used.

A Within-Study Approach to Evaluating the Role of Moderators of Impact in Limiting Generalizations from “Large to Small”

2021 ◽  
pp. 109821402110305
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Jaciw ◽  
Fatih Unlu ◽  
Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers

There is a burgeoning body of evidence on the average impacts of educational programs. Yet, for many local decision makers, because impacts can vary across sites, the question of whether a certain program will work in their particular district or school remains. This article addresses the question of the generalizability of large-scale average causal effects to specific locales, that is, from “large to small.” Our method evaluates whether impacts measured on the large-scale generalize to individual sites and whether adjusting for variation among sites in their characteristics accounts for impact heterogeneity that limits generalization. Our application to a multisite experimental evaluation in education shows that the average impact does not readily generalize to sites, with discrepancies between 0.17 and 0.38 standard deviations, and that characteristics of sites account only minimally for this variation. This emphasizes need for caution by local decision makers in accepting average impact findings as generalizable to their specific locales.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Material Disadvantage: Housing, Poverty, and Living Standards Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 712-712
Author(s):  
Charles Waldegrave ◽  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract SRPP 2020 Ollie Randall Symposium Award Winner. Many of the detrimental effects of material disadvantage on the lives of citizens have been well understood by public health and social scientists, and post-World War II social protection polices were designed to mitigate the negative impacts of them. As the numbers of older people increase proportionally to the rest of the population in most countries, less is known about the exclusionary impacts of material disadvantage and the roles housing, poverty and living standards play on the health, well-being and social connections of their lives. This symposium draws together research emanating out of four countries Norway, Poland, Ireland and New Zealand that are part of the European COST Action 15122 Reducing Old-Age Social Exclusion: Collaborations in Research and Policy (ROSEnet). The papers present contemporary results of specific health well-being and social impacts of material disadvantage in the four quite different countries and assesses them through the lens of social exclusion. As the growing international evidence during the last decade has highlighted the negative health and well-being impacts of loneliness and social disconnection (Holt-Lunstad et. al. 2015), the role of housing, poverty and living standards has in creating social exclusion is less well known. This research analyses the subjective and objective experiences of material disadvantage and quantifies their exclusionary impacts on well-being (e.g. quality of life, loneliness), health functioning (mental and physical) and their challenges to macro-structures (e.g. government policies, social protection).

scholarly journals CHANGES IN RURAL POVERTY AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to assess changes in the risk of poverty in European Union Member States and the extent of poverty in rural areas and farming households after Poland’s accession to the EU. The above aspect was consid- ered against the background of urban residents and other so- cioeconomic groups of households. The study was based on EU-SILC, Eurostat and CSO data. For a comparative assess- ment across EU countries, the poverty and/or social exclusion risk index was used. For a comparative assessment of rural and urban areas, the following basic poverty thresholds (as es- timated by the Central Statistical Office), were used: extreme poverty (subsistence minimum), relative poverty and statutory poverty. Despite the high level of socioeconomic development in the European Union, the risk of poverty or social exclusion is widespread and varies strongly across countries, regions and social groups. In Poland, rural areas are more affected by poverty than urban areas, mainly because rural households have lower incomes than urban households. The risk of pov- erty in the EU has declined. After the accession to the EU, Poland has experienced a decrease in the extent of poverty. This positive change was the combined result of many factors, mainly including an increase in incomes of the farming and rural population. In Poland, income disparities between rural and urban residents and between farm and landless families have decreased. Reducing poverty and social exclusion is one of the most important goals of the EU social policy.

Improvement of government support for enhancing the efficiency of using the resources potential of agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Oksana Drebot ◽  
Lyudmyla Sakharnatska ◽  
Mariya Vysochanska ◽  
Nadiya Piniaha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
State Support ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Regional Economic Policy

The article deals with the influence of factors on the formation of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises and increasing the efficiency of its use. The main obstacles to the effective functioning of the system of state support of agriculture in Ukraine are considered. It is determined that state support is an integral part of state regulation and is a combination of different tools and instruments. Preferential financing of the most vulnerable enterprises and branches of agriculture, improvement of the mechanism of state support will contribute to the development of agricultural production and will have a positive impact on the situation in rural areas. It has to be implemented taking into account the specificity of the regional situation, as well as the financial capacity of the budget. The role of the state agrarian policy in the development of rural regions is investigated and the priority direction of rural activity – diversification of agricultural production is determined. Based on the main directions of agricultural development in the region, a system model for improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises development is proposed. A number of measures of state regulation are proposed to introduce a qualitatively effective regional economic policy through the formation of an efficient regulatory framework. Given the basic imperatives, improving of state support for the development of agricultural enterprises for the formation of their resource potential and increasing the efficiency of its use requires creating the conditions for the introduction of a qualitatively new, effective regional economic policy, stimulating the dynamic development and efficient use of the internal resource potential of each region, which requires taking into account the decisive role of the agricultural enterprise rural areas and the transition to state strategic programming in regional development and implementation of regional development strategies of local governments and local authorities. State regulation of agricultural production should be oriented on innovation and investment development of agricultural enterprises. To this end, it is necessary to amend the Law of Ukraine “On Innovative Activity”, to improve customs regulation of innovative activity and the procedure of granting the innovative status to enterprises and to foresee the possibility to carry out expertise in qualifying innovative projects at the expense of public funds.

scholarly journals Making Accessibility Visible: Visualizing Spatial Accessibility Through Multi-Dimensional Scaling Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Orlando Antonio Sabogal ◽  
Diego Alexander Escobar ◽  
Daniel Ricardo Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
New Space ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Accessibility has progressively claimed a central role in policy discourse and planning in the Global South. However, availability of approaches for its assessment is still limited in practice. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a statistical tool aimed at explaining relations of distances, such as the analyzed in accessibility, through the construction of a new space of projections. That way, results are easily visualized and interpreted. Our research explores the use of MDS for the visualization of spatial accessibility. Taking the cities of Pereira and Dosquebradas, which belong to the Metropolitan Area of the Centre-West (MACW) of Colombia, we calculate the shortest path from each intersection to the rest assuming trips in motorized and non-motorized transport modes. This approach allows to visually re-configure the spatial distribution of intersections in the transport network, graphically representing accessibility levels for different zones in the metropolitan region of analysis. The use of MDS enables a more intuitive interpretation of accessibility and the exploration of underlying factors that can influence spatial inequalities, as well as to visualize changes generated by different transport and land-use interventions.  Results allow to visualize the configuration of the two municipalities in the metropolitan area in an easily interpretable fashion, identifying areas with limited accessibility and establishing comparisons between mode choices. The tool seeks to contribute to better-informing transport policy and accessibility appraisals and identifying potential spatial inequalities in relation to transport in urban areas, which was tested in various forums with local decision-makers and non-specialists in Colombia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document