scholarly journals Free Time versus Occupied and Unoccupied Time in a Philosophical Context

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Free Time ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transcendental Theory ◽  
The Subject

AbstractIn the paper, previous conceptions of free time and the various definitions that are connected with it are challenged. The author assumed that the subject might not have free time at his/her disposal, because that time does not concern the subject at all. The subject did not have free time in the past; the subject can neither shape it in the present nor in the future. Free time does not concern him/her at all, because free time as such does not exist at all. We have only to do with occupied and unoccupied time. The first form of time concerns the past and the present. Future time is not occupied both in that sense that it does not exist yet and that it never exists. Moreover, the author considers the existence, understanding, and possibility of the cognition of time as such. Thus, he rejects various common theories of time. He refers to the Kantian, subjective, “self-related” conception of time and he attempts to strengthen it with the Heideggerian transcendental theory of time. According to the author, it is derived from, among other things, the considerations on being done by some of the ancient philosophers: Anaximander, Pythagoras and his followers, Parmenides, Plato, and Aristotle.

A corpus-based investigation of techno-optimism and propositional certainty in the National Intelligence Council’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’ (2010–2035)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Jamie McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Global Trends ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Discursive Representations

This article reports the findings from a study of discursive representations of the future role of technology in the work of the US National Intelligence Council (NIC). Specifically, it investigates the interplay of ‘techno-optimism’ (a form of ideological bias) and propositional certainty in the NIC’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’. In doing so, it answers the following questions: To what extent was techno-optimism present in the discourse? What level of propositional certainty was expressed in the discourse? How did the discourse deal with the inherent uncertainty of the future? Overall, the discourse was pronouncedly techno-optimist in its stance towards the future role of technology: high-technological solutions were portrayed as solving a host of problems, despite the readily available presence of low-technology or no-technology solutions. In all, 75.1% of the representations were presented as future categorical certainties, meaning the future was predominantly presented as a known and closed inevitability. The discourse dealt with the inherent uncertainty of the subject matter, that is, the future, by projecting the past and present into the future. This was particularly the case in relation to the idea of technological military dominance as a guarantee of global peace, and the role of technology as an inevitable force free from societal censorship.

I. The Augustan Historian

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ab Urbe Condita ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

During the past forty years the dominant preoccupation of scholars writing on Livy has been the relationship between the historian and the emperor Augustus, and its effects on the Ab Urbe Condita. Tacitus’ testimony that the two were on friendly terms, and Suetonius’ revelation that Livy found time to encourage the historical studies of the future emperor Claudius, appeared to have ominous overtones to scholars writing against the political backcloth of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Though the subject had not been wholly ignored previously, the success of the German cultural propaganda-machine stimulated a spate of approving or critical treatments. While some were hailing Livy as the historian whose work signalled and glorified the new order, others following a similar interpretation were markedly scathing.

The Bridge Spanning Past, Present, and Future: Time Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Shields
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
Topological Approach ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Future

Background: This article considers the temporal aspects and effects of infrastructure that bridges past, present, and future rather than connecting places or delivering services.  Analysis: Four “moments” of time infrastructure will be considered in the case of a reconstructed heritage wooden bridge: heritage sites that link to the past, undertakings that mark the present, endeavours that project the current society forward into the future, and the forgetful overlooking of infrastructure as a taken-for-granted and abject temporality.  Conclusion and implications: This requires a topological approach, studying “infrastructurality” as heterochronic and as a liminal “super-object” that transcends its normative presence and Euclidean dimensions. Contexte : Cet article examine les aspects et effets temporels des infrastructures qui relient passé, présent et futur plutôt que de relier des lieux ou de fournir des services. Analyse : Quatre « moments » de ces infrastructures temporelles seront considérés par rapport à un pont en bois patrimonial reconstruit : les sites patrimoniaux qui évoquent le passé, les initiatives qui marquent le présent, les efforts qui projettent la société actuelle vers l’avenir, et l’oubli de l’infrastructure car on la considère comme temporalité abjecte qui va de soi. Conclusion et implications : Cette étude requiert une approche topologique où l’on envisagerait l’« infrastructuralité » comme hétérochronique et comme « super-objet » liminal transcendant sa présence normative et ses dimensions euclidiennes.

Dlaczego w koncepcji Jaspersa postać Jezusa znajduje się poza „czasem osi”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual History ◽  
Whole Earth

Karl Jaspers’s concept of the Axial Age (German: Achsenzeit), or the unprece- dented age of the highest rise of the human spirit, shows the kinship of people belonging to such different civilizations as Greek, Jewish, Hindu and Chinese. The Axial Age is not only the subject of research for many scholars dealing with the past, but also a possible foundation for the future realization of the peaceful unity of people of the whole Earth. The article focuses on the figure of Jesus, considered by Jaspers as one of the four paradigmatic individuals (German: die maßgebenden Menschen), i.e. people with the greatest influence in the spiritual history of humanity. Therefore, the presence or absence of Jesus in the Axial Age will bring serious consequences. The article presents Jaspers’s arguments for recognizing the period between the 8th and 2nd century BC as the Axial Age, and the possibility of expanding it.

scholarly journals HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN

Early China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 29-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gibas
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Future ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Zuo Zhuan

AbstractThis article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future.

scholarly journals Aquatic biomonitoring: Lessons from the past, challenges for the future

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
Mariano Bresciani ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Passionate Debate ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Special Symposium

This special issue stems from an increasing awareness on the key contribution made by biometrics and biological indices in the quality classification of aquatic ecosystems. This theme has been the subject of passionate debate during the 13th European Ecological Federation (EEF) and 25th Italian Society of Ecology’s (S.It.E.) joined congresses held in Rome in September 2015. In this frame, on the margins of the special symposium named “Biomonitoring: Lessons from the past, challenges for the future”, it was launched the idea of a special issue of the Journal of Limnology on the “aquatic” contributions presented at the conference. The present volume mainly reports these studies, enriched by few invited papers. Among the other things, the main message is the need of a better integration between sector knowledges and legislative instruments. This is even truer given the on-going climate change, and the necessity to record rapid changes in ecosystems and to elaborate effective/adaptive responses to them. 

Hizballah, Syria, and the Lebanese Elections

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Usher
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

The reason for Hizballah's poor showing in the recent Lebanese elections was the subject of speculation. Formed after Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, Hizballah acquired renown as a militia force against Israel. Since the 1992 Lebanese elections, it also has acquired a reputation as an effective opposition to the Hariri government, challenging Amal's hegemony over Lebanon's Shi'i community. The mobilization of Lebanon's main political forces against Hizballah in the elections has underscored the likelihood that Hizballah's role in the future will remain what it was in the past: less a domestic challenge to Amal and more a force for military resistance against Israel.

The past perfect with future time reference

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaat Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Past Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

The standard analysis of the past perfect is that it represents the time of a situation as anterior to a time of orientation which is itself past with respect to the time of speech. However, there are a couple of uses in which the situation referred to actually lies in the future. This article concentrates on one of these uses, illustrated by sentences likeSoon you will again be able to do all the things that youhad donebefore. In this use, the past perfect refers to the future and there does not seem to be a past time of orientation at all. The article not only attempts to account for this use of the past perfect but also offers an explanation for the fact that the same tense cannot be used in other, seemingly similar, sentences, such as the following: [If you peep through this hole in the curtain]you will see the audience that {have/*had} come to see the play.

Immediacy and certainty: factors in understanding future reference

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Harner
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Remote Past ◽  
Future Reference

ABSTRACTSeventy-five children, 3, 4, and 5 years old, were interviewed about: (a) toys they had played with just a few minutes earlier, (b) toys they had played with on the preceding day, (c) toys they would play with in a few minutes, and (d) toys reserved for use on the following day. Verb forms indicating past and future time were used as well as the adverbials before and after. The past verb form was understood equally well in reference to the immediate past and the more remote past. However, the future verb form was better understood in reference to the immediate future than in reference to the remote future (the following day). The difference is discussed in terms of the intersection of time and mood in future verb forms. Immediacy of action and certainty of occurrence are suggested as early meaning components of future verb forms.

scholarly journals ASSAY OF ENGLISH CUISINE: ADVENT AND ADVANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.

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