The Bridge Spanning Past, Present, and Future: Time Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Shields
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
Topological Approach ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Future

Background: This article considers the temporal aspects and effects of infrastructure that bridges past, present, and future rather than connecting places or delivering services.  Analysis: Four “moments” of time infrastructure will be considered in the case of a reconstructed heritage wooden bridge: heritage sites that link to the past, undertakings that mark the present, endeavours that project the current society forward into the future, and the forgetful overlooking of infrastructure as a taken-for-granted and abject temporality.  Conclusion and implications: This requires a topological approach, studying “infrastructurality” as heterochronic and as a liminal “super-object” that transcends its normative presence and Euclidean dimensions. Contexte : Cet article examine les aspects et effets temporels des infrastructures qui relient passé, présent et futur plutôt que de relier des lieux ou de fournir des services. Analyse : Quatre « moments » de ces infrastructures temporelles seront considérés par rapport à un pont en bois patrimonial reconstruit : les sites patrimoniaux qui évoquent le passé, les initiatives qui marquent le présent, les efforts qui projettent la société actuelle vers l’avenir, et l’oubli de l’infrastructure car on la considère comme temporalité abjecte qui va de soi. Conclusion et implications : Cette étude requiert une approche topologique où l’on envisagerait l’« infrastructuralité » comme hétérochronique et comme « super-objet » liminal transcendant sa présence normative et ses dimensions euclidiennes.

scholarly journals HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN

Early China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 29-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gibas
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Future ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Zuo Zhuan

AbstractThis article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future.

The past perfect with future time reference

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaat Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Past Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

The standard analysis of the past perfect is that it represents the time of a situation as anterior to a time of orientation which is itself past with respect to the time of speech. However, there are a couple of uses in which the situation referred to actually lies in the future. This article concentrates on one of these uses, illustrated by sentences likeSoon you will again be able to do all the things that youhad donebefore. In this use, the past perfect refers to the future and there does not seem to be a past time of orientation at all. The article not only attempts to account for this use of the past perfect but also offers an explanation for the fact that the same tense cannot be used in other, seemingly similar, sentences, such as the following: [If you peep through this hole in the curtain]you will see the audience that {have/*had} come to see the play.

Immediacy and certainty: factors in understanding future reference

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Harner
Keyword(s):  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Remote Past ◽  
Future Reference

ABSTRACTSeventy-five children, 3, 4, and 5 years old, were interviewed about: (a) toys they had played with just a few minutes earlier, (b) toys they had played with on the preceding day, (c) toys they would play with in a few minutes, and (d) toys reserved for use on the following day. Verb forms indicating past and future time were used as well as the adverbials before and after. The past verb form was understood equally well in reference to the immediate past and the more remote past. However, the future verb form was better understood in reference to the immediate future than in reference to the remote future (the following day). The difference is discussed in terms of the intersection of time and mood in future verb forms. Immediacy of action and certainty of occurrence are suggested as early meaning components of future verb forms.

scholarly journals The past participle constructions LEE(NE)- + PTCP and SAA- + PTCP as future time reference devices: the example of Livonian against a Southern Finnic background

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (95) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miina Norvik
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Future Time ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Secondary Function

The present article studies the semantic functions and syntactic behaviour of past participle constructions in Livonian: līdõ ‘will be’ + active past participle (APP) / passive past participle (PPP) and sǭdõ ‘get; become’ + APP / PPP. Parallels are drawn with the corresponding constructions in the other Southern Finnic languages, as well as Northern Finnic and the Indo-European contact languages. The main focus is on Livonian līdõ ‘will be’ + APP.  Considering the primary meaning element, time reference (future, past, or present), and the clause type (main or subordinate), a distinction is made between two main functions: (i) expressing anteriority, and (ii) epistemic modality. It is argued that Livonian līdõ + APP deserves to be regarded as the future perfect, as its primary function is to express anteriority in the future domain. Furthermore, līdõ + APP is shown to stand out with regard to the usage of temporal (future) meaning in subordinate clauses, as it is more common for a future-marking device to be redundant in subordinate clauses or associated with modal meanings. The expression of epistemic modality is regarded as its secondary function and possibly a later development; the epistemic usage is primarily associated with the construction occurring in main clauses.

The development of future time expressions in Late Modern English: redistribution of forms or change in discourse?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADJA NESSELHAUF
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Science Writing ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
Late Modern

This article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the development of the future time expressions will, ’ll, shall, be going to, progressive with future time reference, and be to in the course of the late modern period. The article focuses on possible reasons for the considerable changes that have taken place in the past few centuries. To what degree can the changes be described as certain forms having been (partially) replaced by others? To what degree have general or register-specific changes in discourse affected the use of future time expressions? These questions are investigated on the basis of the British part of ARCHER (A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers).The analysis reveals that it is a complex interaction of both types of processes that is responsible for the recent evolution of future time expressions. Redistribution processes turn out to be highly complex in themselves, going far beyond the frequently described replacement of shall by will and probably proceeding in chains. With respect to discourse change, one result is an unexpected overall decrease in the tendency of writers (and speakers) to refer to their own plans, intentions, etc. Partly responsible for this development is a discourse change in science writing, where the author has increasingly disappeared from the text, so that text structure is much less frequently expressed in terms of the author's intention. A further register-specific discourse change that the investigation brings to light is a development in diaries from an earlier restriction to reporting past events to the expression of more personal views, including hopes and fears for the future.

scholarly journals THE COLLECTION OF POETRY “TOTURE CHAMBER. VINEYARD. HOME” BY KATERYNA KALYTKO: TEMPORAL ASPECTS O MEANING AHD FORM

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Liliia Lavrynovych
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Temporal Semantics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Poetry Collection

The article investigates peculiarities of temporal motifs realization in K. Kalytko’s poetry collection “Torture Chamber. Vineyard. Home”. The concept of time in K. Kalytko’s works manifests itself in the portrayal of the past, present and future (where present stands for the space of anxiety; powerful emotional experience “here-and-now”, even if the source of its experience is already in the past; precariousness of the future). The artistic semiotics of time in K. Kalytko’s works is closely associated with the mythopoetic images which have, in particular, Christian sources. The main motifs, which clustering around the temporal semantics, are the motifs of kin, childhood, old age, traumatic memory, duration, love, death, eternity. The peculiar feature of K. Kalytko’s style is the presence of many tropes (mainly epithets, comparisons, metaphors) based on the poetic comprehension of temporal images.

scholarly journals Free Time versus Occupied and Unoccupied Time in a Philosophical Context

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Free Time ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transcendental Theory ◽  
The Subject

AbstractIn the paper, previous conceptions of free time and the various definitions that are connected with it are challenged. The author assumed that the subject might not have free time at his/her disposal, because that time does not concern the subject at all. The subject did not have free time in the past; the subject can neither shape it in the present nor in the future. Free time does not concern him/her at all, because free time as such does not exist at all. We have only to do with occupied and unoccupied time. The first form of time concerns the past and the present. Future time is not occupied both in that sense that it does not exist yet and that it never exists. Moreover, the author considers the existence, understanding, and possibility of the cognition of time as such. Thus, he rejects various common theories of time. He refers to the Kantian, subjective, “self-related” conception of time and he attempts to strengthen it with the Heideggerian transcendental theory of time. According to the author, it is derived from, among other things, the considerations on being done by some of the ancient philosophers: Anaximander, Pythagoras and his followers, Parmenides, Plato, and Aristotle.

scholarly journals Commemorative Practice in Aotearoa New Zealand: Exploring the bicentennial and sestercentennial of the Endeavour's arrival in Gisborne and Tairāwhiti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Meaningful Experiences ◽  
Constructing Meaning

<p>In the midst of commemoration programmes for the centenary of the First World War, academic literature about and interest in the topic of commemoration has grown significantly. While studies in the UK and America focus on the use of the past and commemoration, there is little work on commemorative practice within a New Zealand context, particularly over a period of time. As museums and heritage sites increasingly look to new ways of making meaningful experiences for a diverse and changing public, this research seeks to address the gap in the literature and help to inform future management of commemoration in New Zealand.  With the sestercentennial of the 1769 arrival of the Endeavour to New Zealand coming up in 2019, this research involved case studies of the earlier bicentennial in 1969 and the planning stages of the future commemoration in both Gisborne (the site of Lieutenant James Cook’s first landing) and Wellington. The methods employed for this dissertation comprised archival and documentary research, as well as interviews with professionals involved in the sestercentennial. Using a theoretical framework based in museum and heritage studies, as well as history, sociology and cultural studies this study considers the many ways we use the past, from institutional practices to vernacular interests.  The findings revealed that in 1969 commemorations in Gisborne were a spectacle, a true performance. Depictions of Cook were everywhere and monuments were erected all around the city. From pageantry to legacy building, the 2019 focus is on educating the public and establishing meaningful legacies for the future. This dissertation concludes that commemoration should not be treated as a one-off event but rather as an ongoing practice that is shaped by the past and by social and political contexts as much as we are. I argue that the three most important, yet also most changeable, elements of commemoration are narrative, approach to management (top-down and/or bottom-up), and participation. It is common for some to want to ‘look forward’ rather than to the past to inform commemorative planning. However, I argue that more can be gained by consciously seeing the continuity and change of commemorative practice through time. By looking at commemorations in the past and plans for the future this research furthers our understanding of the practice and its role in constructing meaning.</p>

Nationalism and Internationalism in the Ancient World

1937 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. Rollo
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

We read and hear so much about our debt to Greece and Rome in the worlds of literature, law, and language that we are apt to forget that included in the legacy of the Ancient World to us is, to mention only one instance, the problem of the Franco-German frontier. Ought we to be glad the Romans stopped at the Rhine? Would things be better if they had gone farther? It was the defeat of Varus at the Teutoberger Wood that settled the frontier for the Romans; and Augustus with his plaintive cry of ‘Varus, Varus, give me back my legions’ determined once and for all to stop at the Rhine, and so left the Romanized Gauls and Germans in France and the free Germans across the Rhine as a thorny problem for all future time. Where the future is unknown, the present so uncertain, it is to the past we must turn for some definite foundation on which to build.

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