scholarly journals The Influence of the Load on the Hardness

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Petrík ◽  
Pavol Palfy
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Reverse Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Measurement Systems Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The Influence of the Load on the HardnessThe objective of the submitted paper is to analyze the influence of the load on the calibration of micro-hardness and hardness testers. The results were validated by Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Z-score. The relationship between the load and micro-hardness in calibration of micro-hardness testers cannot be explained by Kick's Law (Meyer's index "n" is different from 2). The conditions of Kick's Law are satisfied at macro-hardness calibration, the values of "n" are close to 2, regardless of the applied load. The apparent micro-hardness increases with the increase of the load up to 30 g; the reverse indentation size effect (ISE) behavior is typical for this interval of the loads. The influence of the load on the measured micro-hardness is statistically significant for majority of calibrations.

scholarly journals On the Load Dependence of Micro-Hardness Measurements: Analysis of Data by Different Models and Evaluation of Measurement Errors

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petrík
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
Load Dependence ◽  
Proportional Specimen Resistance ◽  
Dispersion Zone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Uncertainty Of Results

AbstractThe influence of applied loads between 0.09807 N and 0.9807 N on measured values of micro-hardness was evaluated by Meyer’s index n, proportional specimen resistance model (PSR) and Hays – Kendall methods, Total Dispersion Zone and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The measurement was repeated 6 times using the same hardness reference block with standard hardness Hc= 327 HV0.05 as a sample. The influence of the load on the measured value of micro-hardness is statistically significant, and the relationship between applied load and micro-hardness manifests reverse indentation size effect (ISE) for most of “measurements”. The high value of the uncertainty of results can affect the existence and nature of ISE, especially at low loads.

The relationship between the deformation and the indentation size effect (ISE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Jozef Petrík ◽  
Peter Blaško ◽  
Mária Mihaliková ◽  
Andrea Vasilňáková ◽  
Vojtech Mikloš
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the submitted work is to study the relationship between the local deformation and the indentation size effect (ISE). A local value of reduction of the area (Z) was used as the measure of the deformation. Applied loads in the micro-hardness test ranged between 0.09807 to 0.9807 N. The micro-hardness was measured on the cross section in the longitudinal axis of the fractured sample after the uniaxial tension test. The material of the sample was 99.5% aluminium. The influence of both load and deformation on the ISE was evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The influence of the load was also evaluated by Meyer’s index n, PSR method, and Hays–Kendall approach. The influence of both factors on the measured value of micro-hardness and therefore on the ISE is statistically significant. The ISE is normal in the areas with high deformation, on the contrary, in areas with low deformation, it has a “reverse” character. The difference between load independent “true hardness” and measured micro-hardness HV0.05 increases with increasing deformation.

scholarly journals The relationship between the deformationand the indentationsize effect (ISE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petrík ◽  
P. Blaško ◽  
M. Mihaliková ◽  
V. Mikloš
Keyword(s):  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Value

The aim of the submitted work is to study the relationship between the local deformation and the Indentation Size Effect (ISE). A local value of reduction of the area (Z) was used as the measure of the deformation. Applied loads in the micro-hardness test ranged between 0.09807 N to 0.9807 N. The micro-hardness was measures on the cross section in the longitudinal axis of the fractured sample after the uniaxial tension test. The material of the sample was 99.5% aluminium. The influence of the load was also evaluated by Meyer's index n, PSR method and Hays therefore on the ISE statistically significant. The ISE is normal in the areas with high deformation, on the contrary, in areas with low deformation it has the "reverse" character. The difference between load independent "tru hardness" and measured micro-hardness HV0.05 increases with increasing deformation

scholarly journals INDENTATION SIZE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATED ALUMINUM ALLOY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Petrík ◽  
Peter Blaško ◽  
Andrea Vasilňaková ◽  
Peter Demeter ◽  
Peter Futáš
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
True Hardness

<p class="AMStitle">Abstract</p><p class="AMSmaintext">The aim of the submitted work is to study the influence of applied  loads ranging from 0.09807 N to 0.9807 N on measured values of micro-hardness of heat treated aluminum alloy 6082. The influence of applied load on a measured value of micro-hardness was evaluated by Meyer’s index n, PSR method and by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).  The influence of the load on the measured value of micro-hardness is statistically significant and the relationship between the applied load and micro-hardness manifests the moderate reverse ISE. As the temperature of the solution treatment rises, the YS/UTS ratio and also Meyer’s index n, measured and “true hardness“  increase. On the other hand, its effect on the plastic properties of the alloy is ambiguous.</p>

scholarly journals THE AUTOMATIC TESTERS IN MICROHARDNESS MEASUREMENT AND ISE EFFECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jozef Petrík ◽  
Peter Blaško ◽  
Jana Bidulská ◽  
Anna Guzanová ◽  
Iveta Sinaiová
Keyword(s):  
Applied Load ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
Proportional Specimen Resistance ◽  
Resistance Model ◽  
Dispersion Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hardness Values

<p>The measurement of micro-hardness with applied loads 0.09807 N, 0.24518 N, 0.49035 N and 0.9807 N has been carried out by three automatic and one manually-operated micro-hardness testers. The certified reference material (CRM) was the tested sample. Each operator obtained readings of the tester which she/he normally operates. The measurement was repeated after thirty months. The influence of the testers and their stability, as well as applied load on the measured values of the micro-hardness and the indentation size phenomenon (ISE), were evaluated. The parametric and non-parametric tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Z-score and Total Dispersion Zone were used for the evaluation of the statistical significance of obtained factors. The ISE was evaluated using Meyer’s and Proportional Specimen Resistance model and also by Hays – Kendall approach. The variability of measured values of the micro-hardness values and parameters ISE is high despite the use of automatic hardness testers with practically excluding the impact of the operator. The results are affected by testers and by used testers and by applied loads. The measurement system can not be considered to be stable.</p>

scholarly journals The load dependence of the micro-hardness of the blast furnace slag

10.30544/512 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Jozef Petrík ◽  
Peter Blaško ◽  
Vojtech Mikloš ◽  
Alena Pribulová ◽  
Peter Futaš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
Load Dependence ◽  
Furnace Slag

Deposits of old blast-furnace slag are an environmental problem. The slag’s hardness is an important for calculation of the energy cost for crushing and grinding process. Due to its porosity, measurement of the (macro) hardness is. To adapt the dimensions of the indentations to the character of the slag, it is necessary to apply loads in the range of micro-hardness. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of load on the micro-hardness - the Indentation Size Effect (ISE) using Meyer’s, Hays-Kendall and PSR methods. ISE for all samples is “normal”, the slag’s basicity affects micro-hardness and ISE.

A Measurement Systems Analysis of Total Shutter Open Time (TSOT) as a Distraction Metric for Visual-Manual Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (24) ◽  
pp. 1545-1549
Author(s):  
Louis Tijerina ◽  
Dev Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Driver Workload ◽  
Measurement Systems Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Manual Tasks

The Total Shutter Open Time (TSOT) metric was examined for estimating the visual-manual distraction potential of in-vehicle devices. A measurement systems analysis was carried out on TSOT using data on thirteen visual-manual tasks from the CAMP Driver Workload Metrics Project. TSOT showed low test-retest reliability but high repeatability when data were averaged across persons by task. TSOT predicted task completion time, lane keeping, speed variation, total glance time, and number of glances away from the road while driving. Tasks were classified into higher and lower workload categories based on literature, analytical modeling, and engineering judgment. TSOT showed a high percentage of statistically significant pairwise differences between higher vs. lower workload tasks. Different classification rules were also applied to TSOT. The best rule to classify tasks as higher or lower workload consistent with prior prediction was one in which a mean TSOT > 7.5 seconds implied the task was of higher workload. These results illustrate a general procedure to assess driver workload measures in general and the usefulness of TSOT in particular.

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