Norwidowska etyka twórcy i jej odbicie w dyskusji nad paradygmatem romantyzmu. Dwie interpretacje / Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s Idea of the Moral Character of the Artist and its Impact on Debates About the Romantic Paradigm: Two Interpretations

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Barbara Stelmaszczyk

Summary This article joins the current debate about the challenges faced by contemporary literary theory by drawing attention to aporias that open up for historians of literature. A case in point is Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s idea of the role of the artist and the function of art and the misrepresented, distorted account of his views that dominate the history of the reception of his work. The article distinguishes two interpretations of the Romantic tradition which coincide with two phases in the reception of Romanticism. The first of them was given shape by the Young Poland movement in the late 19th and early 20th century (most notably by Stanisław Brzozowski), while the other (represented by Agata Bielik-Robson) is a product of our own time, ie. the early 21st century. They are discussed in turn. A critical reappraisal of Young Poland’s understanding of Romanticism is complemented by an examination of Brzozowski’s approach, which is distinctly his own. A hundred years later, Brzozowski is given a key role in Agata Bielik-Robson’s review of the Polish Romantic tradition, and yet her take on it is markedly different from his.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yan Wang

Abstract Based on the systemic functional framework, this paper attempts to compare verbal projection in two comparable translated texts of a detective story entitled A Scandal in Bohemia, one from the early 20th century (henceforth TT1) and the other from the early 21st century (henceforth TT2). Approximately one hundred years apart, these two translations are strikingly different in their language use, with classical Chinese being used in TT1 and plain (colloquial) Chinese being used in TT2. By analysing and comparing the lexicogrammatical features of the verbal clauses in the two translated texts, this paper summarises the choices made by the translators in these two different historical moments: when translating the source text, TT1 translators show more flexibility by incorporating more addition and omission into their translation than TT2 translators.


Author(s):  
Александр Васильевич Черных

В статье анализируется история собирания, изучения и публикации в Пермском Прикамье былинных текстов в ХIХ - начале ХХ в., выявления и собирания фольклорных текстов с былинными сюжетами во второй половине ХХ - начале ХХI в. История былиноведения в регионе насчитывает более двух веков от первого упоминания о былинных сюжетах В. Берха (1821) до записей начала ХХI в. Поиск былин и собирательская деятельность в регионе связана с именами видных российских фольклористов Н. Е. Ончукова и А. В. Маркова. Несмотря на многочисленные публикации и свидетельства о бытовании былин, собственно былинных текстов записано и опубликовано крайне мало. Большинство записей принадлежит пермским исследователям; отчасти это обусловлено тем, что при характерном для Прикамья точечном и единичном бытовании былин такие записи были возможны только при многолетнем целенаправленном изучении фольклора. Значительно число публикаций, в которых приводится информация о былинах, но она не подкреплена текстовыми материалами. Анализируются записи и упоминания о былинных сюжетах в коми-пермяцком фольклоре. Рассматриваются особенности выявления новых текстов былин и былинных сюжетов в государственных архивных собраниях и фольклорных архивах. Рассмотрена работа пермских фольклористов в последние десятилетия и записи былинных сюжетов. В приложении к статье опубликовано несколько текстов из архивных собраний и полевых записей. This article analyzes the history of collecting, studying and publishing bylina texts in the Perm Kama Region in the 19th - early 20th century, and the identification and collection of folklore texts with bylina subjects in the second half of the 20th - early 21st century. The history of bylina studies from the region dates back almost two centuries, from the first mention of bylina stories by V. Berkh (1821) to recordings of the beginning of the 21st century. The search for bylinas and collecting activity in the region are associated with the names of the prominent Russian folklorists N. E. Onchukov and A. V. Markov. Despite numerous publications and evidence of the existence of bylinas, very few actual bylinas have been recorded and published. Most of the recording was done by Perm researchers; this is partly due to the fact that because of the characteristically spotty and sporadic presence of bylinas in the Kama Region, their documentation was only possible by long-term purposeful study. There is a significant number of publications that provide information about bylinas, but it is not supported by textual material. In this article, the existing records and references to bylina stories in Komi-Permian folklore are analyzed. It examines the particularities of identifying new bylina texts and subjects in state archival collections and folklore archives. It also considers the work of Permian folklorists in recent decades and their recording of bylina stories. Several texts from archival collections and field recordings are published in the appendix to the article.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Meis ◽  
J.M. Tyree

Wonder, Horror, Mystery is a dialogue between two friends, both notable arts critics, that takes the form of a series of letters about movies and religion. One of the friends, J.M. Tyree, is a film critic, creative writer, and agnostic, while the other, Morgan Meis, is a philosophy PhD, art critic, and practicing Catholic. The question of cinema is raised here in a spirit of friendly friction that binds the personal with the critical and the spiritual. What is film? What’s it for? What does it do? Why do we so intensely love or hate films that dare to broach the subjects of the divine and the diabolical? These questions stimulate further thoughts about life, meaning, philosophy, absurdity, friendship, tragedy, humor, death, and God. The letters focus on three filmmakers who challenged secular assumptions in the late 20th century and early 21st century through various modes of cinematic re-enchantment: Terrence Malick, Lars von Trier, and Krzysztof Kieślowski. The book works backwards in time, giving intensive analysis to Malick’s To The Wonder (2012), Von Trier’s Antichrist (2009), and Kieślowski’s Dekalog (1988), respectively, in each of the book’s three sections. Meis and Tyree discuss the filmmakers and films as well as related ideas about philosophy, theology, and film theory in an accessible but illuminating way. The discussion ranges from the shamelessly intellectual to the embarrassingly personal. Spoiler alert: No conclusions are reached either about God or the movies. Nonetheless, it is a fun ride.


Author(s):  
Delyash N. Muzraevа ◽  

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.


2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
S. E. Azhigali ◽  
L. R. Turganbayeva

This is the fi rst description of a key Kazakh recent permanent settlement at Donyztau, in the northern Ustyurt. Such sites, evidencing major historical processes during the transition of nomadic pastoralists to a semi-sedentary lifestyle (mid-19th to early 20th century), are known as “ritual and housing complexes” (RHC). Kainar, a highly representative site, is viewed as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an integral architectural and landscape ensemble. The excavation history of RHCs in the Donyztau area and their evolution are discussed, and the role of ascetics such as Doszhan-Ishan Kashakuly is described. We highlight separate parts of the complex (the settlement and cemetery) and their elements. The architecture of the RHC is reconstructed with regard to structure, function, and continuity with the landscape. The layout of the site as a whole and of the madrasah with its typical elements are compared with those of similar sites in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. A reconstruction of the complex is proposed and the function of public halls is interpreted. The role of the cemetery and of its parts in the structure of the RHC is evaluated; the evolution of its spatial organization is traced. Types of memorial complexes are listed in terms of harmony with the landscape, archaic beliefs, architecture, and style, specifi cally stone carving. The historical and cultural signifi cance of Kainar as a source of knowledge about the transition to a semi-sedentary way of life and the Islamization of the steppe is discussed.


2022 ◽  
pp. 23-36

This chapter examines the challenges faced by digital informing technologies and civilization in the 21st century. The chapter begins by analyzing (1) the stages of development of strategic information technologies from the early 20th century up to the present as well as (2) the strategies adopted by informing science specializations (such as cognitive science, software engineering, etc.). Next, the chapter surveys major innovations in the history of strategic information technologies. This is followed by an analysis and evaluation of the concept of a laborless economy. The chapter concludes by positing a set of rules for workers in the digital economy that will ensure the wise development of civilization.


2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Terry

With a detailed but not site-specific building program, the librarians at Rhode Island School of Design made the case for a new library three times the size of the existing facility. The site became specific with the donation of an early 20th-century grand banking hall. This paper addresses the role of the librarian in the design and construction process and includes an analysis of the way the new library meets the program objectives. In the early 1990’s after several early attempts to resolve the library’s space constraint at Rhode Island School of Design, the librarian was given a useful bit of advice: Stop trying to find the space. You must focus first on the program. What is it that you really need?


2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
Kamran Arjomand

Intellectual history of modernism in Iran has proved to be a subject of lively academic interest. The role of Iranian exiles in late 19th and early 20th century, in particular, has drawn considerable scholarly attention. In recent years, the Iranian press in exile has also become a focus of academic scrutiny. In Germany, Anja Pistor-Hatam has studied the Iranian intellectual community in Istanbul around the newspaper Akhtar (Nachrichtenblatt, Informationsbörse und Diskussionsforum: Ahtar-e Estānbūl (1876–1896)—Anstöße zur frühen persischen Moderne [Münster, 1999]) and Keivandokht Ghahari's doctoral dissertation is concerned with ideas of nationalism and modernism among Iranian intellectuals in Berlin as reflected in the journals Kâveh, Iranshahr, and Ayandeh (Nationalismus und Modernismus in Iran in der Periode zwischen dem Zerfall der Qāğāren-Dynastie und der Machtfestigung Reżā Schah [Berlin, 2001]). In this context, the bibliography of Kâveh is thus a welcomed contribution.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Thuy Trung Luu

In the history of Vietnamese drama, Saigon was one of the places absorbing Western drama from the early time. Although drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City didn’t develop in a smooth and straight way, it was a continuous and unbroken process. This process brought in strong development of drama in Ho Chi Minh city in two decades of the late 20th century and the early 21st century. However, in recent years, drama in Ho Chi Minh City seems to proceed slowly, which reflects some irrational aspects from drama script, performance art to performance operation. Therefore, it’s high time to review the whole history of drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City to collect experiences for the steady development of drama in this City in the future.


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