Neoliberal Approach in Higher Education

Differentiation strategies face higher uncertainty and dynamism because of design and functionality of their service in higher education. This is closely related with contextual knowledge and neoliberal approach. Researchers provide the contextual knowledge of neoliberal approach in Pakistan and state of social justice regarding higher education in the country. Neoliberal approach in education has been identified as a new trend in developing countries. Business approach in education has started treating education as a commodity and students as a costumer. Knowledge-based economy is one of the strongest factors influencing the neoliberal approach in higher education. There are certain circumstances for adaptation of this approach in higher education; however, the intellectual community needs to be aware of the pros of this approach. Humanitarian approach need to be taken care of by the government bodies in higher education. Ethical and leadership programs based on agile management may be helpful for faculty members to reduce social injustice through their teaching approach.

Editorial Work and the Peer Review Economy of STS Journals

In this paper, we analyze the role of science and technology studies (STS) journal editors in organizing and maintaining the peer review economy. We specifically conceptualize peer review as a gift economy running on perpetually renewed experiences of mutual indebtedness among members of an intellectual community. While the peer review system is conventionally presented as self-regulating, we draw attention to its vulnerabilities and to the essential curating function of editors. Aside from inherent complexities, there are various shifts in the broader political–economic and sociotechnical organization of scholarly publishing that have recently made it more difficult for editors to organize robust cycles of gift exchange. This includes the increasing importance of journal metrics and associated changes in authorship practices; the growth and differentiation of the STS journal landscape; and changes in publishing funding models and the structure of the publishing market through which interactions among authors, editors, and reviewers are reconfigured. To maintain a functioning peer review economy in the face of numerous pressures, editors must balance contradictory imperatives: the need to triage intellectual production and rely on established cycles of gift exchange for efficiency, and the need to expand cycles of gift exchange to ensure the sustainability and diversity of the peer review economy.

PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI KERAJINAN RAJUT DESA SUMBEREJO KECAMATAN TRUCUK KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

The university is part of the intellectual community in this country, which is expected to be able to contribute to the development of the nation and state. Community Service Activities (PKM) are a form of education by providing empirical experience to Lecturers with students to live in the midst of society outside the campus, and directly teaching students how to identify populist social problems. Sumberejo Village is a village located in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro, East Java. The implementation of the Covid-19 Thematic PKM activity was carried out in Sumberejo Village because the PKM location was an area close to student homes. In accordance with the direction of the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) at the University of Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro that the implementation of PKM is better in their respective villages to reduce mobility and transmission of COVID-19. PKM in Sumberejo Village Using a Community Based Research approach, by carrying out a community assistance process using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The 2021 Thematic PKM activity at the Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University Nahdlatul Ulama in Sumberejo Village, Trucuk District can be carried out well. Activities can be accepted by the community and receive support from all levels of village officials and several elements who are always enthusiastic about ongoing activities. Work programs that are focused on community economic development during the pandemic. The activity is in the form of developing yarn knitting skills. Marketing assistance for community knitting products, namely on social media and marketplaces. Marketing and introducing knitting products in Sumberajo Village which was carried out after development assistance.

Graduate Education of Christian Universities in Modern China: A Case Study of Nanking University

From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, traditional Chinese society experienced a significant period of gradual development toward modernization. Along with the transformation of social institutions, people’s thoughts were also changing. Christian missionaries in China began to continue their mission by establishing Christian universities in the midst of the drastic changes in modern Chinese society. These Christian universities brought Western scientific and cultural knowledge to China, and gradually bridged the gap between the Chinese intellectual community and the outside world. From the acquisition of the right to award degrees to the approval of the Chinese government and, subsequently, to the development of graduate education localized in modern China, Christian universities have made new attempts on the ancient Chinese land. The existing literature, however, often ignores the cultural value and ideological enlightenment contributions made by these Christian universities. This paper attempts to describe the arduous exploration process of Christian universities, employing historical examples to analyze the motivations of Christian universities to develop degree education. The key argument of this article is that Christian universities in modern China are not only “imported” but also a product of “sinicization”, which represents the exchange and collision between Chinese and Western cultures during a special period of time.

Indonesia’s National Role Conceptions: Continuity Amidst Regional Change

<p>This thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy in view of role conceptions held by the country's policy and intellectual community and their impact on policy behaviour at the ASEAN level. These role conceptions capture the ways decision-makers perceive Indonesia’s standing and influence in the region and beyond and include the country’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy doctrine as well as widely held views of the country being a model democracy, a mediator and – increasingly – key actor in regional and global affairs. The research draws attention to how these notions shape Jakarta’s role in ASEAN Community-building and security regionalism. It focuses on a range of initiatives that emphasise ASEAN’s ‘liberal agenda’, including the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN’s approach to conflict resolution and the promotion and protection of human rights. In so doing, it critically reflects on Indonesia’s domestic performance, which stands in at times stark contrast to its agenda on the international stage. I argue that Indonesia’s commitment to promoting liberal norms and values in regional affairs is predominantly instrumental as it aims at consolidating ASEAN cohesion vis-à-vis the influence of external powers in order to advance the country’s regional leadership ambitions and desire to play a more active role at the global level.</p>

Indonesia’s National Role Conceptions: Continuity Amidst Regional Change

<p>This thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy in view of role conceptions held by the country's policy and intellectual community and their impact on policy behaviour at the ASEAN level. These role conceptions capture the ways decision-makers perceive Indonesia’s standing and influence in the region and beyond and include the country’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy doctrine as well as widely held views of the country being a model democracy, a mediator and – increasingly – key actor in regional and global affairs. The research draws attention to how these notions shape Jakarta’s role in ASEAN Community-building and security regionalism. It focuses on a range of initiatives that emphasise ASEAN’s ‘liberal agenda’, including the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN’s approach to conflict resolution and the promotion and protection of human rights. In so doing, it critically reflects on Indonesia’s domestic performance, which stands in at times stark contrast to its agenda on the international stage. I argue that Indonesia’s commitment to promoting liberal norms and values in regional affairs is predominantly instrumental as it aims at consolidating ASEAN cohesion vis-à-vis the influence of external powers in order to advance the country’s regional leadership ambitions and desire to play a more active role at the global level.</p>

Teaching death: exploring the end of life in a novel undergraduate course

Western culture discourages discussion of death and dying, especially with healthy emerging adults. Yet, research shows that engaging this population in conversations about death and dying is empowering and important for young people’s decision-making around and understanding of the end of life. We show that students are indeed ill-informed on such issues but that they desire to learn more. We describe and assess a pilot undergraduate course in palliative care addressing this need, and we demonstrate its success in engaging and educating students using pedagogical approaches built to develop a social and intellectual community of trust.

The History of Moslem Intellectuals: A Case Study at UIn Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

This study aimed to explain that the intellectual community who studied at and was born from the state Institute of Islamic Studies Syarif Hidayatullah (IAIN Jakarta) in the 1970s to 1985 were the second-generation intellectuals who had their own characteristics. As the study was library research, the data collection was done by examining deeply the written documents or literatures that were relevant with the problems being investigated. The obtained data were then qualitatively analyzed by comparing and connecting the existing variables; and inferences were drawn from the findings to get an ideal concept of building a good national and state life based on the Islamic substantial values. The results of the study showed that second generation intellectuals became international intellectuals as Islamic historians in Southeast Asia, theologians, political or socio-economic analysts, and activists of Islamic movements. The study also pointed out that it was not only the first generation that made the second generation successful in their career and studies, but many factors on and off campus contributed significantly, and affect the next generations continuously from time to time. Evidently, in their development, discussion activities of intra-or extra campus organizations, talked not only about Islam but also political issues, such as the old order government policies. The study concluded that the second generation of IAIN Jakarta Intellectual community played many roles in Islamic studies in national and international level. It suggested that studies on the same topis with different points of views are still necessary to conduct.

Ramaz Kobidze – “From Prison to Prison”- about the "Stalinist Cohort"

Documentary prose with a direct description of the author's contemporaneous epoch-making problems, historical-political events or the development of public thought is always the subject of the reader's interest. Although for works of the documentary genre, to some extent, the subjectivism of the narrator is not foreign, at least its main dignity is the real beginnings.The book of memoirs "From Prison to Prison" by Ramaz Kobidze, one of the victims of the "Stalinist cohort" is very interesting.The author of the book pays special attention to the necessity of documentary prose before recollection. He considered it obligatory not only for writers, but also for state figures, to keep the last few years for the production of documentary-type works, namely memoirs. In his view, if a statesman did not leave a documentary-type work to his descendants, it would always be a cause of unrest, strife, and sometimes even civil war.From the title, a very interesting documentary based on Ramaz Kobidze's "From Prison to Prison" memoirs prepares the reader to get acquainted with and understand the work of the "Stalinist cohort", the victim of which was the author of the work as a member of the "Secret Anti-Soviet Youth Organization".In addition to the specific facts of political persecution in the Book of Memoirs, which not infrequently took place not only in the life of the writer, but also in the lives of his friends and relatives, they also provide you with inspiring images of cruelty and disorder typical of the Stalinist regime.Ramaz Kobidze's book of memoirs "From Prison to Prison" is an extremely interesting source for studying not a single important event of Soviet existence. It contains a number of cases of ideological pressure typical of the Stalinist regime, which zombified a large part of the intellectual community at the time, made them worthy representatives of the "Stalinist cohort." And they destroyed a large part of the Georgian intelligentsia, but the "Soviet generation intelligentsia" was trained, raised and handed over the future of the country.

RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL IN THE INTELLECTUAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT RUSSIA

The article is a polemical answer to the work of D. V. Puzanov, dedicated to the way of thinking in the culture of the early Russian Middle Ages. According to the author, a specific way of thinking was cultivated in the ancient Russian intellectual community. This way of thinking was characterized by mysticism, irrationalism and an appeal to the concept of “miracle”. At the same time, in ancient Russian sources one can find characters thinking rationally. These are the heroes of The Tale of Bygone Years and the Kiev-Pechersk Paterikon: Voivode Yan Vyshatich, Boyar Vasily and Prince Gleb. Their method of thinking is far from the methodology of modern scientific thinking, but it can also be considered rational. This is the main polemical idea of the author, directed against the conclusions of D. V. Puzanov, who believes that the similarity of medieval "rationalism" with real rational thinking is only superficial.