scholarly journals Detection of Nosema spp. in Worker Bees of Different Ages During the Flow Season

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajmund Sokół ◽  
Maria Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Microsporidian Species ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify which Nosema species infect those Apis mellifera worker bees performing different functions in the colony. Samples were taken from different places inside and outside the hive, in the honey flow season. In February 2010, winter hive debris from 30 colonies was analyzed, and based on the microsporidian species identified by multiplex PCR. The following bee colonies (none of which displayed clinical symptoms of the disease) were selected for further analyses to determine the occurrence of microsporidian parasites: 1) colony A/C infected with Nosema apis and N. ceranae (mixed infection), 2) colony A infected with N. apis, 3) colony C - infected with N. ceranae, and 4) colony K - the control, which was free of infection. Between April and August, 20 nurse bees from frames of open brood, and 20 forager bees returning to the hive from pollen-collecting trips were randomly selected from each colony at 30-day intervals. The results of the study indicate that the microsporidian species is determined not only by the type of worker bee (sampling site), but also by the period (month) of the sample collection. Our findings also suggest that regardless of the type of initial infection, bees infected by different microsporidian species and bees free from infection can coexist in colonies.

scholarly journals Influence of Baikal EM1 preparation on the productive parameters of bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during spring and autumn feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
R. Shumkova ◽  
R. Balkanska
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Worker Brood ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Baikal EM1 on the productive parameters of the bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during spring and autumn feeding and the chemical composition of the worker bee bodies. Two groups of bee colonies were formed (1 experimental group and 1 control group). During the spring feeding the experimental group was fed with Baikal ЕМ1 at a dose of 5 ml/0.500 L added in the sugar syrup (sugar:water 1:1) for 4 consecutive days at the start of the experiment. Each bee colony received 5 L sugar syrup. During the autumn feeding the experimental group received Baikal ЕМ1 at a dose of 20 ml/10 L sugar syrup. Each bee colony received 10 L sugar syrup. The control group received only sugar syrup. The spring and autumn feeding of the group fed with Baikal EM1 significantly increases the strength of the bee colonies and the amount of the sealed worker brood compared to the control group. According to the results obtained for the strength of the bee colonies and the bee brood supplementary feeding with Baikal EM1 is very effective in the autumn feeding. For these two parameters there are significant differences between the experimental and control on 29.08. (p<0.01), 10.09. (p<0.05) and 22.09.2018 (p<0.01). Statistically significant differences were reported for the strength of the bee colonies (p<0.01) and the amount of sealed worker brood (p<0.001) in the experimental group receiving Baikal EM1 before wintering compared to the control group. It can be expected to reveal a tendency for better spring development in the next year. Feeding with Baikal EM1 does not affect the chemical composition of worker bee bodies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrosporidian Activity of Plant Extracts on Nosema ceranae

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwa Kim ◽  
Jin Kyu Park ◽  
Jae Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Microsporidian Species ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Abstract Nosemosis is one of the most common protozoan diseases of adult bees (Apis mellifera). Nosemosis is caused by two species of microsporidia; Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is potentially more dangerous because it has the ability to infect multiple cell types, and it is now the predominant microsporidian species in A. mellifera. In this study, we identified two anti-nosemosis plants, Aster scaber and Artemisia dubia, which reduced the spore development of N. ceranae in spore-infected cells. The most important aspect of our results was that our treatment was effective at non-toxic concentrations. Anti-nosemosis activities of both plants were revealed in honey bee experiments. Specifically, a mixed extract of both A. scaber and A. dubia showed stronger activity than treatment with each single extract alone. Although the mechanisms of action of A. scaber and A. dubia against N. ceranae are still unclear, our results suggest new medicaments and therapeutic methods to control N. ceranae infection.

scholarly journals Nosema ceranae (Microspora: Nosematidae): A Sweet Surprise? Investigating the Viability and Infectivity of N. ceranae Spores Maintained in Honey and on Beeswax

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2069-2078
Author(s):  
Courtney I MacInnis ◽  
B Andrew Keddie ◽  
Stephen F Pernal
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Nosema disease is a prominent malady among adult honey bees [Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)], caused by the microsporidian parasites, Nosema apis Zander (Microspora: Nosematidae) and N. ceranae Fries et al. 1996. The biology of N. apis is well understood, as this parasite was first described over a century ago. As N. ceranae is an emerging parasite of the honey bee, we do not yet understand how long spores of this parasite survive in honey bee colonies, or all the potential modes of transmission among bees. We investigated the viability and infectivity of N. ceranae spores in honey and on beeswax over time after exposure to 33, 20, −12, and −20°C. Spores in honey maintained viability at freezing temperatures for up to 1 yr and remained viable considerably longer than those on beeswax. Based on this evidence, honey may act as an important reservoir for infective spores to initiate or perpetuate N. ceranae infections in honey bee colonies. This work provides information that may help enhance current management recommendations for apiculturalists.

scholarly journals Evaluating Efficacy of Fumagilin-B® Against Nosemosis and Tracking Seasonal Trends of Nosema spp. in Nova Scotia Honey Bee Colonies

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Robyn McCallum ◽  
Sawyer Olmstead ◽  
Jillian Shaw ◽  
Kathleen Glasgow
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Treatment Threshold ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractThe efficacy of the antimicrobial Fumagilin-B® against nosemosis was evaluated in both spring and autumn feeding treatments following label directions in seventy-two honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies across three apiaries in Nova Scotia, Canada. The seasonal trend of Nosema spp. spore loads was also tracked in these same colonies throughout a thirteen-month period (February 2018 – March 2019). We found the spring Fumagilin-B® treatment to be effective at significantly suppressing Nosema spp. spore levels below the recommended treatment threshold. There was no effect of Fumagilin-B® treatment in the autumn based on low spore levels at this time. We detected a drastic increase in Nosema spp. spore loads as May progressed but a decline in spores in summer (June–September). By October, there was another increase in spore levels, but this increase did not exceed the economic treatment threshold. Across seventeen collection periods in both control and Fumagilin-B® colonies, 74% (25) of samples tested positive for Nosema ceranae, while 26% (9) contained no Nosema spp. spores. No Nosema apis spores were detected during this trial. Our results indicate that Fumagilin-B® is an effective management practice in the spring, but colonies should still be monitored in the autumn. Our data also support that the Nosema species profile is shifting to be exclusively N. ceranae and the treatment threshold for Fumagilin-B® may need to be updated to reflect this, as the threshold was originally developed for N. apis.

scholarly journals The Transition Ratio of Nosema spp. Spores From Colonies to Honey Versus Honey to Colonies

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Ceren Sarıbıyık ◽  
Aslı Özkırım
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Bee Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are insects that have an important role in plant pollination as well as production of benefical products such as honey, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, bee venom and beeswax. There is a growing interest in bee diseases and loss, which is a major threat to the economy and human health. Nosemosis is an adult honey bee disease which effects its digestive system mostly. The cause for the disease is Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae but the two can be seen together, too. This article aims to explore the transmission of Nosemosis and its effect on honey. For this purpose, a field study was conducted in Muğla province, where 51 pieces were collected from bee yards as spring samples and 51 pieces from bee yards as autumn samples during these two seasons, and 51 honey samples from bee yards were examined during the honey harvest. The results revealed that Nosema spp. which was obtained from honey bee samples collected in spring was more effective on honey samples. Nosema spp. was found to have a linear relation with the infection in the hive. It was determined that the percentage of Nosema spores seen in adults was 1.63%. This result contributed to the literature by providing this ratio used in estimating the level of infection in the colonies by means of honey sampling. Furthermore this is the first study where the contamination risk of honey from the infected colonies is calculated. Hopefully, this study can provide background for further research on the protection of bee colonies and risk assessment against Nosema spp. disease.

scholarly journals Detection of Nosema spp. in worker bees, pollen and bee bread during the honey flow season

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajmund Sokół ◽  
Maria Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Microsporidian Species ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Pollen Sample ◽  
Bee Colonies

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are responsible for nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The aim of the study was to identify Nosema spp. during the honey flow season in bee colonies, for co-infection or no infection with Nosema apis/Nosema ceranae. Hive bees, forager bees, pollen grains brought by them, and bee bread were analysed. In the infected group, 12 of 30 samples of hive bees were infected with Nosema ceranae, 7 were co-infected, 3 were infected with Nosema apis. In samples of forager bees, 21 of 30 were co-infected, 8 were infected with Nosema ceranae. The analysis of pollen demonstrated that only 2 of 30 samples were infected with Nosema ceranae, 3 of 30 samples of bee bread were infected with Nosema ceranae, 3 were co-infected and 1 of 30 were infected with Nosema apis. In the uninfected group, 13 of 30 samples of hive bees were co-infected, 2 were infected with Nosema ceranae. In the forager bees group, 12 of 30 samples were co-infected, 2 were infected with Nosema ceranae. Only 1 pollen sample was infected with Nosema ceranae and 1 was co-infected, 2 of 30 samples of bee bread were co-infected, 2 were infected with Nosema ceranae. The study demonstrated that during the honey flow season, infection by microsporidian species occurs mainly in forager bees. Pollen and bee bread may be a source of spores mainly at the beginning of the honey flow season.

ASSESSMENT OF HONEYBEE DRONES BREED IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
Natural Honey

One of the most important aspects of endemic populations conservation of modern honeybee breeds of is study in the field of drones morphological features identification in the apiaries, as the assessment of Queen bees’ purity breed and the potential for recovery of the populations. In this regard, studies of the honeybee drones’ breed in the Chuvash Republic (Chuvashia) are relevant and have scientific and prac-tical value. The raw material was a sample collection of drones (126000 pcs. from 4200 of the bee fami-lies) from 21 districts, which are covering all natural honey gathering zones of the Chuvash Republic: forest-steppe, forest and steppe. Three characteristics are identified: colour of the hairs on a scale of Gotze, cubital index and the length of the proboscis. The binocular microscope MBS-10 was used in the work. In the process of research, biogenetic potential of the Chuvash population of Central Russian breed (Apis mellifera mellifera) is established, in the conditions of hybridization, with the observed trend of an annual increase. Five subpopulation structures or administrative districts (Morgaushsky, Kras-noarmeysky, Krasnochetaysky, Shumerlinsky and Batyrevsky) are registered, where, the territory of "pure" breeding is stored and gradually created thanks to the selection-breeding works. The obtained re-sults prove the effectiveness of implemented local and regional programs and activities of breeding and distribution of Central Russian breed bees in the Chuvash Republic.

Survey of feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies for Nosema apis in Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Manning ◽  
Kate Lancaster ◽  
April Rutkay ◽  
Linda Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Significant Difference

The parasite, Nosema apis, was found to be widespread among feral populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the south-west of Western Australia. The location, month of collection and whether the feral colony was enclosed in an object or exposed to the environment, all affected the presence and severity of infection. There was no significant difference in the probability of infection between managed and feral bees. However, when infected by N. apis, managed bees appeared to have a greater severity of the infection.

Are Non-Target Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Exposed to Dinotefuran From Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Trap Trees?

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2993-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Underwood ◽  
Brian Breeman ◽  
Joseph Benton ◽  
Jason Bielski ◽  
Julie Palkendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper that causes significant damage to host plants in the United States. Because of its affinity for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, control efforts have focused on the use of the systemic insecticide, dinotefuran, in designated trap trees. There is concern about exposure to this pesticide by non-target species, especially honey bees, Apis mellifera, via lanternfly honeydew. Therefore, honey bee colonies were established in areas of high densities of trap trees and samples of honey, bees, and beeswax were collected in May, July, and October of 2017 for analysis. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the presence and quantity of dinotefuran. Additionally, honeydew from lanternflies was analyzed for dinotefuran and informal observations of trap tree visitors were made. None of the worker bee, wax, or honey samples indicated detectable levels of dinotefuran; however, honeydew samples collected did contain dinotefuran above the detection limit with amounts ranging from 3 to 100 ng per sample. The lack of dinotefuran in honey bee products matches the general absence of honey bees at trap trees in informal observations.

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