scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management Under Long-Term Experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
C. Ailincăi ◽  
G. Jităreanu ◽  
Despina Ailincăi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The investigations conducted at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iaşi County, Romania, have studied the influence of different mineral fertilizers rates on wheat and maize yield and soil agrochemical characteristics. In bean-wheatmaize- sunflower-wheat crop rotation, the mean yield increases, obtained for each kg of a.i. of applied fertilizer, were comprised between 8.3 and 10.1 kg in wheat (N120P80- N160P80) and between 10.8 and 11.0 kg in maize (N150P80-N200P100). Generally, nitrogen use efficiency is low and, to achieve maximum yields, need for high doses of nitrogen which can increase the risk of environmental pollution. The N agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in wheat and maize declined with the increase of nitrogen rate. Wheat placed in rotation for five years, after sunflower at recommended dose (N160P80), physiological efficiency of nitrogen utilization was 43.4 kg grain per kilogram of nitrogen exported from soil, from fertilizer applied. Mean annual amounts of nutrients exported from soil by wheat in dry (14 yr.) and favourable (11 yr.) years in five year crop rotation have varied according to rates, between 34.5 and 100.7 kg at nitrogen and between 6.5 and 18.4 kg at phosphorus. The long-term use of bean - wheat - maize - sunflower - wheat rotation determined the diminution by 43.4% (2,772 t/ha) in the mean annual losses of eroded soil and by 38.5% (5.61 kg/ha) in nitrogen leakages by erosion, compared with maize continuous cropping.

scholarly journals The use of natural resources and reproduction of soil fertility in obtaining a given quantity of products

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Nina Masyutenko ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Flows

The purpose of the study is to determine the suitability for making sound decisions on the reproduction of soil fertility of the following quantitative laws of the methodology for managing material and energy flows in crop rotations: the energy content of 1 ton of humus (in GJ) is equal to half the nitrogen contained in it (in kg); the amount of exchangeable energy (in GJ) in 100 kg of phytomass is equal to the halfsum (in kg) of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide (about 2/3 of it falls on nitrogen). The approbation was carried out on the data of long-term stationary experiment. The results are as follows: with an increase in the level of fertilizer, nitrogen removal with the yield increased by 30–40%, and that of phosphorus by 6–12%; due to doubling the manure rate and the use of mineral fertilizers, the phosphorus balance became positive, and the nitrogen one remained negative, but improved by 17–28% depending on the type of a crop rotation. The deviation of the calculated balance of the exchangeable energy from the actual one on the poorly and most richly fertilized backgrounds was -5.5 to -11.9% and 3.0 to 8.6%., respectively.

The influence of tillage, stubble management and crop rotation on the persistence of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
AC Taylor ◽  
AR Leys
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Low Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Research Institute

Infestations of great brome, Bromus diandrus Roth, in a long-term tillage, stubble management and crop rotation trial were studied over 3 years at the Agricultural Research Institute, Wagga Wagga. Herbicides were effective in removing great brome from lupin but this did not prevent carryover to the following wheat crop. Over all years, in the wheat-lupin rotations, burning of stubble significantly reduced great brome infestation in the wheat phase by approximately 39%, while 3 cultivations prior to sowing reduced infestation by approximately 43%. The greatest infestation occurred where direct drilled wheat followed wheat with stubble retained. In a continuous wheat system, a combination of burning and 3 cultivations maintained great brome populations at a low level.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

scholarly journals Monitoring growth of Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) at a plantation cite at Dhankuta, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
T. P. Barakoti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Growth Modelling ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Alnus Nepalensis ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Environment

A long-term growth monitoring experiment on Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) was conducted in the permanent sample plots of the Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Pakhribas, Dhankuta for 10 years (1992-2001). The average annual increment was diameter at breast height 2.14 cm in 8th year, and was 0.13 cm at 16th year of planting. The trees grew 44 cm to 130 cm per year irrespective of the age. The highest growth rate correspondend with higher rainfall during summer (March-April). Estimated biomass of stem and branches increased by 2-2.5 times within the 10 years period. Thinning and felling every year indicated need for timely management of the plantation to provide better growing environment. The data would be useful for growth modelling and proper management of Uttis plantation in Nepal . Key words: Nepalese alder vs Uttis, height, diameter, biomass, Pakhribas. Banko Janakari Vol.15(2) 2005 pp19-23

scholarly journals Role of Mineral and Bio-fertilizers on Some Soil Properties and Rice Productivity under Reclaimed Saline Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Mohaseb ◽  
Mona H. M. Kenawy ◽  
Khaled A. H. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Available N ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
And Control

A field experiment (randomized complete blocks with three replicates) was conducted during two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 at Sahl El-Houssinia Agriculture Research Station in El-Shakia Governorate, Egypt. Its lies between 32˚00/00 to 32˚15/00/ N latitude and 30˚50 / 00// to 31˚15 00// E longitude. The combined effect of bio-fertilizers inoculated with Rhizobium radiobacter sp strain (salt tolerant PGPR); Bacillus megatherium (dissolving phosphate) and Bacillus circulans (enhancing potassium availability) and yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) combined with different rates of N, P and K fertilizers (50, 75 and 100%) was evaluated on some soil properties, nutrient content in rice plants, and rice productivity in a reclaimed saline soil. From the crop field of the Agricultural Research Institute (ARC), Egypt, 101 grain kernels from rice (Oryza sativa) var. Sakha were selected.   The results indicated that soil pH and EC were decreased in soil treated with bio-fertilizers combined with different rates of mineral fertilizers in comparison with soil treated with yeast and control. Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the soil increased with the use of bio-fertilizers. Application of mineral fertilizers (N, P and K) alone or combined with bio-fertilizers (bacteria and yeast) resulted in increased yield grains and straw of rice plant. Macro- and micronutrients concentrations and uptake in grain and straw of rice plants increased in soil treated with bacteria + 75% N+P+K fertilizers compared with other treatments.                          

scholarly journals Agro-economic substantiation of the feasibility of green manured fallow in sugar beet crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Sviridov ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
Absolute Decrease ◽  
Central Chernozem

The aim of the study is to find out the feasibility of including green manured fallow in specialized sugar beet crop rotations by comparing necessary assessment indicators with their values in a traditional crop rotation with black fallow against the background of unequal fertilization levels. The study was based on the analysis of experimental data from a long-term stationary experiment, laid out simultaneously in all fields and variants on typical chernozem in triplicate. The results are as follows: within the same fertilization levels, no significant differences in the yield of winter wheat (sugar beet precursor) were revealed, and the yield of sugar beet in a crop rotation with green manured fallow was stably higher (no more than 5 to 7%), an increase in yield relative to the control fertilizer variant (6 tons of manure per hectare per year) against the background of a double rate of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers amounted to 21.7 to 23.4% for wheat and 14.3 to 15.6% for beets with an increase in the productivity of crop rotations (in natural and value terms) by 1.2 times, but an increase in costs by 1.3 times caused an absolute decrease in the level of profitability by 23 to 25%. Differences in the assessment indicators for specific fertilization variants increased over time due to an unequal degree of soil fertility reproduction, and therefore in the fifth cycle of the crop rotation with black fallow turned out to be 1.1 to 1.3 times greater than in the green manured rotation.

scholarly journals Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3241-3251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Pfaffhuber ◽  
T. Berg ◽  
D. Hirdman ◽  
A. Stohl
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Source And Sink

Abstract. Long term atmospheric mercury measurements in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and in Antarctica completely absent. Recent studies have shown that the Antarctic continent plays an important role in the global mercury cycle. Therefore, long term measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were initiated at the Norwegian Antarctic Research Station, Troll (TRS) in order to improve our understanding of atmospheric transport, transformation and removal processes of GEM. GEM measurements started in February 2007 and are still ongoing, and this paper presents results from the first four years. The mean annual GEM concentration of 0.93 ± 0.19 ng m−3 is in good agreement with other recent southern-hemispheric measurements. Measurements of GEM were combined with the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, for a statistical analysis of GEM source and sink regions. It was found that the ocean is a source of GEM to TRS year round, especially in summer and fall. On time scales of up to 20 days, there is little direct transport of GEM to TRS from Southern Hemisphere continents, but sources there are important for determining the overall GEM load in the Southern Hemisphere and for the mean GEM concentration at TRS. Further, the sea ice and marginal ice zones are GEM sinks in spring as also seen in the Arctic, but the Antarctic oceanic sink seems weaker. Contrary to the Arctic, a strong summer time GEM sink was found, when air originates from the Antarctic plateau, which shows that the summertime removal mechanism of GEM is completely different and is caused by other chemical processes than the springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events. The results were corroborated by an analysis of ozone source and sink regions.

scholarly journals THE GRAIN CROP YIELD IN DIFFERENT CROP ROTATION AND EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES TREATMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Pesticide Treatment

Complex field experiments were carried out in Agricultural research institute in 1969. The field trials included five different crop rotation systems. In each 6-field rotation system the specific percentage of cereals (%) varied from 50 to 100%, perennial grass (clover+ timothy) - 16.7 to 33.3%. The highest winter rye yields were obtained from crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 66%. Including buckwheat in the crop rotation winter rye cultivation is highly productive in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion even up to 83%. Yield of winter rye in long-term monocultural sowings decreases even up to 0.74h-1. Winter ryetreatment with herbicide Grodil increases its yield up to 0.40 ha'1. Foreplants of barley according to their good influence on barley yield (descending): buckwheat, oats, winter lye. Barley yield in long-term monocultural sowings decreases for up to 1.17 t ha-1.Oats in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 83% had very low yield amount alterations after different foreplants. Essential oat yield decreasement was noticed in perennial monocultural sowings. The best foreplants for spring wheat are buckwheat and lupine. The highest yield of buckwheat is get from monocultural sowings, but using potatoes as buckwheat foreplant gives essential yield decreasement. Distribution of perennial weeds, especially quickgrass, is 7,4 times more in crop rotation systems with high cereal proportion than in systems where also buckwheat and potatoes are cultivated. Treatment of herbicides and fungicides is more effective in monocultural sowings than in crop rotational systems, however increasement of crop yield after pesticide treatment is less remarkable than if we follow right crop rotation and choose optimal foreplants for each culture. Latest results from years 2002 to 2004 are shown in this article and are considered to be an addition to previous publications.

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