scholarly journals Evolution Of Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease In The Elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Liliana Ana Tuţă ◽  
Alina Stăniguţ ◽  
B. Câmpineanu ◽  
Raluca Zica

AbstractRecently, there is an increased interest in the detection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the general population, especially . A classification of CKD, based on several stages of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), has been established from almost 10 years. In our study we monitored eighthy patients older than 65 years, clinically and biochemically, during one year. A number of 80 clinically stable patients, with a median age of 74 years, recruited between october and december 2010, were followed up during one year. We separated them in two groups: Group 1: 40 patients with serum creatinine < = 1,2 mg/dl (range 0,7- 1,2) and with no proteinuria; and Group 2: 40 patients with serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dl (range 1,2-3,5) and with proteinuria < 3,5 g/24 hours. We measured serum creatinine and eGFR at the time of recruitment and after one year of follow up using abreviated MDRD equation. Statistical comparisons were made using the general lineal model for repeated measures of the SPSS 11.0 program. The most frequent comorbidities were cardio-vascular(> 75%) and infections (25%). 13.75% of the patients died during the follow up, especially from group 2. Only 25% of group 2 patients needed erithropoietin (EPO) treatment. Estimated GFR and proteinuria remained relatively stable at the end of one year in patients from group 1, but survivors from group 2 registered a median decrease of 9 mL/min.

Author(s):  
Н.С. Морозова ◽  
Н.Б. Захарова ◽  
Д.Ю. Лакомова ◽  
Л.Д. Мальцева ◽  
О.Л. Морозова

Изменения минерального гомеостаза являются причиной костных нарушений зубочелюстной системы (ЗЧС) при хронической болезни почек (ХБП) у детей и могут развиваться задолго до появления клинических проявлений уремической токсинемии на 2-й стадии ХБП. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется неинвазивным методам диагностики патологии полости рта у детей. Наиболее известными индикаторами нарушения костного метаболизма считают матриксную металлопротеиназу 8 (ММР-8) и остеопротогерин (OPG). Цель исследования - установить закономерности изменения содержания ММР-8 и OPG в слюне детей с различной тяжестью ХБП. Объект и методы. Проведено исследование содержания ММР-8 и OPG в слюне у 76 детей, которые были разделены на равные группы по 19 человек: 1 группа - дети с ХБП 1-2 степени, получающие медикаментозное лечение; 2 группа - дети с терминальной стадией ХБП, получающие заместительную почечную терапию в объёме гемодиализа; 3 группа - дети через год после перенесённой трансплантации почки; 4 группа (группа сравнения) - дети с малой хирургической патологией, не имеющие патологии почек. Сбор слюны осуществлялся абсорбционным методом до медикаментозной коррекции основного заболевания утром до приема пищи. Исследование ММР-8 и OPG проводили методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Установлено, что содержание ММР-8 и OPG в слюне у детей с различной степенью ХБП было значительно выше по отношению к группе сравнения. Максимальные значения ММР-8 регистрировались во 2-й группе у детей с терминальной ХБП, находящихся на гемодиализе. Повышение содержания OPG в слюне отмечалось в 1 группе детей с ХБП 1-2-й степени и 3-й группе пациентов, через год после перенесённой трансплантации почки. Заключение. Полученные результаты показывают возможность использования слюны в качестве биологической жидкости для диагностики доклинических этапов нарушения костного метаболизма у детей с ХБП, а ММР-8 и OPG в слюне могут рассматриваться в качестве предиктивных и прогностических маркеров. Changes in mineral homeostasis cause bone disorders of the dentition in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may develop long before the onset of clinical manifestations of uremic toxemia in stage 2 CKD. In recent years, much attention has been paid to noninvasive methods for diagnosing oral pathology in children. The most common indicators of metabolic bone disorders are matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and osteoprotogerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of changes in salivary concentrations of MMP-8 and OPG in children with various severity of CKD. Subject and methods. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and OPG were studied in 76 children divided into four equal groups: group 1, children with stage 1-2 CKD receiving a drug treatment; group 2, children with end-stage CKD receiving renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis; group 3, children one year after the kidney transplantation; and group 4 (comparison group), children with a minor surgical pathology without a kidney pathology. Saliva samples were collected by the absorption method before administration of drugs for the underlying disease, one hour before the morning meal. Salivary concentrations of MMP-8 and OPG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and OPG were significantly higher in children with various severity of CKD than in the comparison group. The highest values of MMP-8 were observed in group 2 children with end-stage CKD on hemodialysis. Increased salivary OPG was noted in group 1 children with stage 1-2 CKD and in group 3 patients one year after the kidney transplantation. Conclusion. Saliva can be used as a biological fluid for diagnosis of preclinical stages of bone metabolism disorders in children with CKD, and salivary MMP-8 and OPG can be considered as predictive and prognostic markers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Gobinda Chandra Saha ◽  
M Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Ekramul Mustafa ◽  
Asif Mahmud ◽  
Sunil Kumar Sikder

Background: The progression of CKD occurs in five different stages in which there are gradual changes of GFR, serum creatinine and serum calcium.Objective: The study was undertaken to determine GFR in advanced stages of CKD and its relation with s. creatinine and s. calcium and also to find out the correlation between s. creatinine and s. calcium.Methodology: This study was carried out in the departments of Physiology and Nephrology, Rajshahi Medical College. All the advanced stage chronic kidney disease patients were taken as comparison. Apparently healthy persons were taken as control. Serum Creatinine was measured by alkaline picrate method; estimation of GFR was done by using Cockcroft- Gault formula and serum calcium was performed by analyzer.Result: In this study a total number of 120 subjects were included, out of which 30 were healthy control and 90 were diagnosed cases of advanced stages of CKD. Among the patients, 55 (61.12%) were male and 35 (38.88%) were female. Mean age (±SD) of the patients were 45 ± 11.16 (Range 20-65 years). While comparing between groups of CKD patients, it was found that s. creatinine of control group was significantly lower than that of group 1. Again s. creatinine of Group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 and similarly, s. creatinine of group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 3. On the other hand, s. calcium of control group was significantly higher than group 1, likewise s. calcium of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2 and s. calcium of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 3.Conclusion: From this study the inference could be drawn that serum calcium had a positive correlation with GFR and a negative correlation with s. creatinine.J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh 2015;1(1):15-17


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. V. Davydov ◽  
E. L. Arekhina

Aim.To assess the efficiency of the program of prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). The program included the use of nitrendipine, a calcium channel antagonist, and the replacement of single intravenous bolus dosing of furosemide with a prolonged intravenous infusion in the early stage of the disease.Material and methods.One hundred twenty five patients with decompensation of CHF were examined and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received standard therapy. In the group 2, an additional prevention program was carried out. The criterion of CKD progression was the change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in accordance with the KDIGO guidelines (2012). GFR was calculated by two methods: serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. The parameters were monitored and compared with baseline levels at admission to the hospital and on the 10th day of therapy. For the initial level was taken the patient’s GFR, calculated by the serum creatinine level prior to the present hospitalization on the background of a satisfactory condition.Results.At admission to the hospital, in group 1 CKD progression was established in 33,3% of patients, in group 2 — in 29,3%. On the 10th day, CKD progression was noted in 47,4% of patients in group 1, in group 2 — in 23,4%.Conclusion.The prevention program allows to reduce the number of cases of CKD progression in patients with decompensation of CHF by 2 times.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Perea Armijo ◽  
J Lopez Aguilera ◽  
C Duran Torralba ◽  
J.C Castillo Dominguez ◽  
M Anguita Sanchez

Abstract Introduction The use of natriuretic peptides has spread in recent years as a diagnostic tool in patients with heart failure (HF). However, its influence on the prognosis of these patients has not been clearly established. Thus, our main aim was to know the characteristics of patients with increased levels of NT-proBNP and to analyze its impact on long-term prognosis in terms of mortality and readmissions due to heart failure. Material and methods We selected cases from the heart failure unit at HURS which had a NT-proBNP determination at first consultation. Patients were divided into two groups: GROUP 1 (NT-ProBNP &lt;10000) and GROUP 2 (NT-ProBNP &gt;10000). Clinical, echocardiographic and treatment variables were collected and patients were followed up for readmissions due to heart failure and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 280 patients were selected. The mean age of the cohort was 66.74±13.88 years and was male-dominated (64%). In group 1, there was a higher initial left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (43.19% vs 40.36%; p=0.057), lower basal creatinine (1.13 mg/dL vs 1.53 mg/dL; p=0.001), lower creatinine at the end of follow-up (1.27 mg/dL vs 1.79 mg/dL; p=0.001) and a lower NT-proBNP at the end of follow-up (4039 pg/mL vs 17140 pg/mL; p=0.000) than in group 2. In addition, group 2 showed a higher percentage of chronic kidney disease (55% vs 29%; p=0.000) than group 1, with no differences in their main variables. With 110 months of follow-up, patients with NT-proBNP levels&gt;10000 had a similar hospital readmission rate compared to the group with lower NT-proBNP levels (81.2% vs 84.8% log rank p=0.133).With a mean of 130.01±9.11 months of follow-up, patients with NT-proBNP levels&gt;10000 had a tendency to higher mortality from any cause than those with lower NT-proBNP levels (84.4% vs 48.4%, log rank p=0.000). Conclusion Patients with NT-proBNP levels&gt;10000 are associated with a lower LVEF at baseline and a higher proportion of chronic kidney disease. In the long term, patients with NT-proBNP levels&gt;10000 had the same rate of readmissions for heart failure but a higher rate of death from any cause. Kaplan-Meier analysis Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None


Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamabe ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Paul A Kurlansky ◽  
Suzuka Nitta ◽  
Saveliy Kelebeyev ◽  
...  

Abstract OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and it negatively impacts procedural outcomes; however, its influence on the outcomes of aortic surgery has not been well studied. This study aims to elucidate the importance of CKD on the outcomes of aortic root replacement (ARR). METHODS Patients who underwent ARR between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 882). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria: Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 421); Group 2 (eGFR = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 424); and Group 3 (eGFR &lt; 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 37). To reduce potential confounding, a propensity score matching was also performed between Group 1 and the combined group of Group 2 and Group 3. The primary end point was 10-year survival. Secondary end points were in-hospital mortality and perioperative morbidity. RESULTS Severe CKD patients presented with more advanced overall chronic and acute illnesses. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between CKD stage and 10-year survival (log-rank P &lt; 0.001). The number of events for Group 1 was 15, Group 2 was 49 and Group 3 was 11 in 10 years. Group 3 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (13.5% vs 3.5% in Group 2 vs 0.7% in Group 1, P &lt; 0.001) and stroke (8.1% vs 7.1% vs 1.2%, P &lt; 0.001) as well as introduction to new dialysis (27.0% vs 5.4% vs 1.7%, P &lt; 0.001). eGFR was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.99). Comparison between propensity matched groups showed similar postoperative outcomes, and eGFR was still identified as a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99). CONCLUSIONS Higher stage in CKD negatively impacts the long-term survival in patients who are undergoing ARR.


2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Heikkinen ◽  
P. Jalovaara

Background and Aims: As a rule, follow-up for at least one year is recommended for fracture studies. This is considered the shortest reliable interval. Still, in the case of hip fractures of the elderly, shorter follow-up might be more practical, since the life expectancy of these patients is often short. The aim of this study was to see if a short four months follow-up period would be acceptable in hip fracture surveys. Material and Methods: Information on 196 consecutive non-pathological hip fracture patients aged 50 years or over (mean 79 years) was collected using a standardised hip fracture audit concentrating on functional measurements at admission and at four and twelve months' follow-ups. Results: 167 patients were alive at four months and 152 and at one year. The patients who died between four and twelve months had poorer functional capacity in the four-month evaluation than those who survived one year. The analysis of repeated measures, including only the patients alive at the last follow-up, showed that residential status, use of walking aids and 6 out of 10 and ADL variables (bathing, toileting, shopping, household activities, doing laundry, banking) did not change significantly. Walking ability and the rest 4 ADL variables (dressing, eating, food preparation, use of transportation) improved and pain decreased. Conclusions: Due to high mortality and age-related deterioration of functioning, no steady state i.e. “final result” is ever reached after hip fracture in the elderly. Four-month follow-up is justified as the shortest possible period, because the socioeconomically most important variable, i.e. place of living, and most of the ADL functions do not change significantly after that.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilter Bozaci ◽  
Ali Nazmi Can Doğan ◽  
Merve Aktar ◽  
Alev Mahşer ◽  
Gizem Yıldırım ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectivesMetabolic acidosis is a common disorder seen in course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of Base excess (BE), Anion gap (AG) and Delta Ratio with progression of CKD, renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement and mortality in patients with stage 3–5 CKD.MethodsA total of 212 patients with stage 3–5 CKD were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the baseline BE level. Patients were also grouped according to the delta ratio such as non- AG, High AG and mixed type.ResultsMean BE level was significantly lower (−4.7 ± 4.0 vs. −3.3 ± 4.3; p=0.02) in patients with CKD progression. The patients in group 1 (n: 130) (Be<−2.5) revealed more CKD progression (%53 vs. %32; p=0.002), and RRT requirement (%35 vs. %15; p=0.001). Baseline BE <−2.5 (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.91; p<0.05) and baseline GFR (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.97; p<0.001) were independently related to RRT requirement. Delta BE was independently associated with mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.96; p<0.01).ConclusionsLow BE levels were associated with CKD progression and RRT requirement. BE change is associated with mortality during the follow-up of those patients.


Author(s):  
Bijaya K. Behera ◽  
Sanjay M.

Background: Present study was conducted with an objective to study the prevalence of left ventricular hyper trophy (LVH) by echocardiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to find out correlation of left ventricular hypertrophy with severity of chronic kidney disease.Methods: From November 2012 to September 2014, 100 chronic kidney disease patients who were admitted in hospital or attended on OPD basis for dialysis were taken for study. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations and echocardiography was carried out. The diagnosis of CKD was made on basis of serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl which remained constantly for more than 3 months. Patients with mild, moderate and severe CKD were having serum creatinine level 1.5-3mg/dl, 3-6mg/dl and > 6mg/dl respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Cut-off for CKD was taken to be <60ml/min / 1.73m2 as per existing guidelines.Results: Out of 100 patients studied, 67 were males and 33 were females. All patients were selected randomly. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 61 -70 years (41%). In the present study, it was found that left ventricular mass index (LVMI) which reflects LVH showed a progressive rise in severity of renal failure with 17 % of mild category of CKD having LVH as compared to 26% of moderate category and 57% of severe category of CKD.Conclusions: Patients with CKD have LVH, which is more marked in patients with severe CKD. So, these patients should have a thorough cardiovascular evaluation even if there were no symptoms, and efforts should be made to prevent LVH, during the early course of renal insufficiency, such as strict control of hypertension, anaemia.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2;18 (2;3) ◽  
pp. E147-E155
Author(s):  
Yasser M. Amr

Background: Chronic inguinal neuralgia has been reported after inguinal herniorrhaphy, caesarean section, appendectomy, and trauma to the lower quadrant of the abdomen or inguinal region. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency in management of chronic inguinal neuralgia. Study Design: Randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Setting: Hospital outpatient setting. Methods: Twenty-one patients were allocated into 2 groups. Group 1 received 2 cycles of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for each nerve root. In Group 2, after stimulation, we spent the same time to mimic PRF. Both groups received bupivacaine 0.25% + 4 mg dexamethasone in 2 mL for each nerve root. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was assessed. Duration of the first block effective pain relief was reported. Repeated PRF blockade was allowed for any patient who reported a VAS > 30 mm in both groups during the one year follow-up period. The number and duration of blocks were reported and adverse effects were also reported. Results: Significantly longer duration of pain relief was noticed in Group 1 (P = 0.005) after the first block, while the durations of pain relief of the second block were comparable (P = 0.59). In Group 1 the second PRF produced pain relief from the twenty-fourth week until the tenth month while in Group 2, pain relief was reported from the sixteenth week until the eighth month after the use of PRF. All patients in Group 2 received 3 blocks (the first was a sham PRF) during the one year follow-up period. Meanwhile, 2 PRF blocks were sufficient to achieve pain relief for patients in Group 1 except 4 patients who needed a third PRF block. No adverse events were reported. Limitations: Small sample size. Conclusion: For intractable chronic inguinal pain, PRF for the dorsal root ganglion represents a promising treatment modality. Key words: Radiofrequency, chronic, inguinal neuralgia


2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
T L Nastausheva ◽  
O A Zhdanova ◽  
N S Nastausheva ◽  
L I Stahurlova ◽  
I V Grebennikova

Aim. To conduct comparative analysis of height, weight and body mass index in children with stages 1 to 3 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by recurrent urinary tract infection due to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.Methods. The study was performed on 210 children: 110 patients examined in 2001-2002 (group 1) and 100 children examined in 2011-2012 (group 2). Stage 1 of CKD was observed in 94 (85.4%) children in group 1 and in 93 (93%) in group 2, stage 2 - in 16 (14.6%) and 7 (7%) patients, respectively. From both groups patients matched by sex, age, diagnosis and social status were selected: 20 patients with stage 1, 19 children with stage 2; in addition, 6 children with stage 3 were examined.Results. Nowadays children with CKD stage 1 are taller compared to patients of the beginning of the XXI century (Z-score: -0.14±1.43 and 0.20±0.98 respectively, p=0.01). Significant differences in weight were found in children with stage 1 in 2011-2012 compared to the patients in 2001-2002 (0.18±0.46 and 0.78±1.19 for groups 1 and 2, respectively, р=0.026). A tendency towards decrease of average height in children with stage 3 is observed compared to patients with stage 1, i.e. due to the progression of the disease.Conclusion. The data obtained reflect modern tendencies towards increase of children height and weight. No significant differences were found in physical development parameters of children with stages of chronic kidney disease 1 and 2 examined at the same time period but a tendency towards children’s height decrease from stages 1 to 3 of CKD of non-glomerular etiology was revealed.


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