scholarly journals Study of Water Chemical Compounds at Geothermal Area: Case on Geothermal Weh Island, Jaboi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Evi Yufita ◽  
Muhammad Isa ◽  
Aztarina Ermy Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Triangle Diagram ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Chemical Water

Kandungan senyawa kimia air sangat berguna dalam penentuan karakteristik fluida panas bumi terutama sumbernya dan arah aliran fluida tersebut. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji senyawa kimia air yang terkandung pada lapangan panas bumi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Titrasi dan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di dua lokasi mata air panas. Untuk pengujian sampel dilakukan pada Balai Riset dan Standarisasi (Baristan) Banda Aceh. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan perbandingan kandungan kimia air, sedangkan interpretasi menggunakan diagram segitiga Ternary. Diagram segitiga ini meliputi Cl-SO4-HCO3, digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan fuida panas bumi, Cl-Li-B digunakan untuk menentukan temperatur suatu lokasi panasbumi dan Na-K-Mg untuk mengetahui kesetimbangan lingkungan fluida panas bumi. Hasil analisis senyawa kimia air menunjukkan bahwa fluida panas bumi memiliki konsentrasi yang didominasi sulfat SO4,  Adapun nilai konsentrasi sulfat masing-masing 95% sampel I dan 97% sampel II. Kandungan kimia air ini diperkirakan berada pada zona upflow. Fluida panas bumi yang muncul ke permukaan dari dua lokasi sampel bersumber langsung dari aktivitas magma. An analysis of the flow of geothermal fluid has been carried out in the Jaboi geothermal field, Sabang. This study aims to obtain a zone of geothermal fluid flow in relation to faults/faults. This research was conducted by the titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Sampling was carried out at two hot spring locations, namely crater I and crater IV. For sample testing carried out in a standardized laboratory. Data processing is done through comparison of chemical fluid content and interpretation of Ternary triangle diagrams. The triangle diagram includes Cl-SO4-HCO3, Cl-Li-B and Na-K-Mg to determine the characteristics of geothermal fluids. Based on data that has been processed and correlated with other supporting data (local geological conditions, magnetic, and temperature) shows a relationship that affects each other with the presence of faults. The analysis shows that geothermal fluid in the upflow zone is characterized by a dominant SO4 sulfate concentration (95% for sample I and 97% for sample II). In the Na-K-Mg triangle diagram, the fluid shows an immature water condition because the fluid has mixed with meteoric water. Based on the analysis of the geochemical data of the study area, it was shown that there is a connection with Ceunohot fault trending northeast to southwest as the controller of the flow of geothermal fluid.Keywords: Ternary triangle diagrams, geothermal fluid, chemical water compounds

scholarly journals A New Occurrence of Terrestrial Native Iron in the Earth’s Surface: The Ilia Thermogenic Travertine Case, Northwestern Euboea, Greece

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Kanellopoulos ◽  
Eugenia Valsami-Jones ◽  
Panagiotis Voudouris ◽  
Christina Stouraiti ◽  
Robert Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Magmatic Chamber ◽  
Iron Mineral ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Native Iron ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Ophiolitic Rocks ◽  
Structural Zones

Native iron has been identified in an active thermogenic travertine deposit, located at Ilia area (Euboea Island, Greece). The deposit is forming around a hot spring, which is part of a large active metallogenetic hydrothermal system depositing ore-bearing travertines. The native iron occurs in two shapes: nodules with diameter 0.4 and 0.45 cm, and angular grains with length up to tens of μm. The travertine laminae around the spherical/ovoid nodules grow smoothly, and the angular grains are trapped inside the pores of the travertine. Their mineral-chemistry is ultra-pure, containing, other than Fe, only Mn (0.34–0.38 wt.%) and Ni (≤0.05 wt.%). After evaluating all the possible environments where native iron has been reported up until today and taking under consideration all the available data concerning the study area, we propose two possible scenarios: (i) Ilia’s native iron has a magmatic/hydrothermal origin i.e., it is a deep product near the magmatic chamber or a peripheral cooling igneous body that was transferred during the early stages of the geothermal field evolution, from high temperature, reduced gas-rich fluids and deposited along with other metals in permeable structural zones, at shallow levels. Later on, it was remobilized and mechanically transferred and precipitated at the Ilia’s thermogenic travertine by the active lower temperatures geothermal fluids; (ii) the native iron at Ilia is remobilized from deep seated ophiolitic rocks, originated initially from reduced fluids during serpentinization processes; however, its mechanical transport seems less probable. The native iron mineral-chemistry, morphology and the presence of the other mineral phases in the same thermogenic travertine support both hypotheses.

Collecting geochemical data of deep formation fluids for Geothermal Fluid Atlas for Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Kieling ◽  
Simona Regenspurg ◽  
Károly Kovács ◽  
Zsombor Fekete ◽  
Alberto Sánchez Miravalles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Fluid Properties

<p>Most problems in deep geothermal operations are related to the chemistry of the geothermal fluid, which might cause deleterious physical and chemical reactions such as degassing and mineral precipitation or corrosion. However, data related the fluid properties are still scarce, largely as a consequence of the difficulty in determining these properties at in situ geothermal conditions, and the fact that those data are scattered across countries and often the “property” of commercial operators of geothermal power plants.</p><p>The EU H2020 project REFLECT aims to collect existing and new data on geothermal fluids across Europe through field measurements, detailed lab experiments simulating in situ conditions, and by calculations. These data will be implemented in case-specific predictive models simulating reactions at geothermal sites, as well as in a European geothermal Fluid Atlas.</p><p>To harmonize the metadata information for different fluid samples, REFLECT partners plan to register IGSNs (International Geo Sample Numbers) for fluid and reservoir rock samples collected and analysed within the project. The IGSN is a unique sample identifier, i.e. it is the equivalent to a DOI for publications. It was originally developed for drill cores and extended for various sample types, including fluid samples (seawater, river or lake water, hydrothermal fluids, porewater). Registration of fluid and rock samples with an IGSN will help to allow making the data accessible and re-usable even if the fluid sample itself is destroyed.</p><p>All data produced and collected within REFLECT form the base of the European Geothermal Fluid Atlas, which will include query and filtering tools to explore the database with a GIS based map visualization. The Atlas makes the data accessible to the geothermal community and the general public. The aim is to create a database, which can easily be integrated into other databases, such that the Fluid Atlas can be an addition to already existing initiatives of geological data collection.</p>

Analysis of Metallogenic Conditions of Geothermal Resources in Heiyu Lake of Daqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2472-2477
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Bai ◽  
Yong Li Li ◽  
Fu Li Qi ◽  
Feng Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Geothermal Drilling ◽  
Geological Background

Heiyu Lake zone of Daqing is located in the southwest hollow borderland of Heiyu Lake and on the arching transitional zone of Daqing placanticline. Based on the geological background of Heiyu Lake, this paper analyzes the landform, the regional geological structure, the formation lithology and the irruptive rock and other metallogenic conditions in detail. The indispensable geological conditions for forming geothermal field in layers were summed up. Combining with the development characteristics and geophysical data of formation, the bore hole site of geothermal well and target stratum were ascertained. The four major elements of forming geothermal resources in this region were confirmed by carrying out geothermal drilling.

scholarly journals Multiscale Microbial Preservation and Biogeochemical Signals in a Modern Hot-Spring Siliceous Sinter Rich in CO2 Emissions, Krýsuvík Geothermal Field, Iceland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Álvaro ◽  
Mónica Sánchez-Román ◽  
Klaas G.J. Nierop ◽  
Francien Peterse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Siliceous Sinter ◽  
Episodic Fluctuations ◽  
Abandoned Meanders

The microbial communities inferred in silica sinter rocks, based on multiscale morphological features (fabrics and textures) and the presence of lipid biomarkers and their carbon isotopic composition, are evaluated in the Krýsuvík geothermal area of Iceland. Close to vent environments (T > 75 °C and pH 1.7‒3), stream floors are capped with homogeneous vitreous crusts and breccia levels, with no distinct recognizable silicified microbes. About 4 m far from the vents (T 75‒60 °C and pH 3‒6) and beyond (T < 60 °C and pH 6‒7.6), microbial sinters, including wavy and palisade laminated and bubble fabrics, differ between abandoned meanders and desiccated ponds. Fabric and texture variances are related to changes in the ratio of filament/coccoid silicified microbes and associated porosity. Coatings of epicellular silica, less than 2 µm thick, favor identification of individual microbial filaments, whereas coalescence of opal spheres into agglomerates precludes recognition of original microbial textures and silicified microbes. Episodic fluctuations in the physico-chemical conditions of surface waters controlled the acidic hydrolysis of biomarkers. Wavy laminated fabrics from pond margins comprise fatty acids, mono- and dialkyl glycerol, mono- and diethers, monoalkyl glycerol esters and small traces of 10-methyl branched C16 and C18 fatty acids and archaeol, indicative of intergrowths of cyanobacteria, Aquificales, and sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. In contrast, wavy laminated fabrics from abandoned meanders and palisade laminated fabrics from ponds differ in their branched fatty acids and the presence vs. absence of bacteriohopanetetrol, reflecting different cyanobacterial contributions. δ13C values of biomarkers range from −22.7 to −32.9‰, but their values in the wavy (pond) and bubble fabrics have much wider ranges than those of the wavy (meander), palisade, and vitreous fabrics, reflecting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sources and a decrease in 13C downstream outflow channels, with heavier values closer to vents and depleted values in ponds.

scholarly journals Geochemical Modeling of Scale Formation due to Cooling and CO2-degassing in San Kamphaeng Geothermal Field, Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthipong Taweelarp ◽  
Supanut Suntikoon ◽  
Thaned Rojsiraphisal ◽  
Nattapol Ploymaklam ◽  
Schradh Saenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Scaling Potential ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Scaling in a geothermal piping system can cause serious problems by reducing flow rates and energy efficiency. In this work, scaling potential of San Kamphaeng (SK) geothermal energy, Northern Thailand was assessed based on geochemical model simulation using physical and chemical properties of hot spring water. Water samples from surface seepage and groundwater wells, analyzed by ICP-OES and ion chromatograph methods for chemical constituents, were dominated by Ca-HCO3 facies having partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10–2.67 to 10–1.75 atm which is higher than ambient atmospheric CO2 content. Surface seepage samples have lower temperature (60.9°C) than deep groundwater (83.1°C) and reservoir (127.1°C, based on silica geothermometry). Geochemical characteristics of the hot spring water indicated significant difference in chemical properties between surface seepage and deep, hot groundwater as a result of mineral precipitation along the flow paths and inside well casing. Scales were mainly composed of carbonates, silica, Fe-Mn oxides. Geochemical simulations based on multiple chemical reaction equilibria in PHREEQC were performed to confirm scale formation from cooling and CO2-degassing processes. Simulation results showed total cumulative scaling potential (maximum possible precipitation) from 267-m deep well was estimated as 582.2 mg/L, but only 50.4% of scaling potential actually took place at SK hot springs. In addition, maximum possible carbon dioxide outflux to atmosphere from degassing process in SK geothermal field, estimated from the degassing process, was 6,960 ton/year indicating a continuous source of greenhouse gas that may contribute to climate change. Keywords: Degassing, Geochemical modeling, PHREEQC, San Kamphaeng Hot Springs, Scaling

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONDISI RESERVOIR PANAS BUMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA GEOKIMIA DAN MONITORING PRODUKSI SUMUR ELS-02 LAPANGAN ELSA

PETRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nabilla Elsaphira Putri ◽  
Onnie Ridaliani ◽  
Widia Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
Concentration Changes

<p><em>A</em><em> good reservoir management is needed </em><em>to maintain</em><em> the </em><em>availability and </em><em>quality of geothermal production fluid. When producing geothermal fluids, there are some changes in reservoir parameters such as declining of reservoir pressure and temperature, chemical composition of geothermal fluids, </em><em>and </em><em>states of fluid that would affect the quality of reservoir by mixing, boiling, or cooling processes that may be happened </em><em>because of</em><em> those changes. </em><em>It is</em><em> becoming a concern on reservoir management. In this case, chemical </em><em>concentrations </em><em>of fluid</em><em>s</em><em> monitoring is one of methods that can perform to reach a well reservoir management of geothermal field. With </em><em>chemical </em><em>monitoring process, current reservoir condition and processes </em><em>that </em><em>occurred during exploitation can be defined</em><em>. In ELS-02 by monitoring and analyzing its enthalpy changes, chloride concentration changes, and NCG concentration changes and supported by its calcium, sulphate, and carbonate concentration profile, two processes could be defined:</em><em> </em><em>mixing with </em><em>surface </em><em>cooler water and reinjection breakthrough.</em><em> </em><em>Other than that, casing leak that causing surface water enter the well could be detected.  </em><em>These become a sign to reservoir engineer to prepare for problems that may occur in near time </em><em>term </em><em>relating to well problem </em><em>such as scaling </em><em>and long time problem like massive cooling or drying of reservoir. After all, further development scenario of Elsa field can be made to improve its performance in producing fluids and heats. </em></p><p> </p>

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