scholarly journals The Enhancement and Study of Sintering Time Effect Toward Content of Fe and Ti Compounds in Mineral Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Fauzi Fauzi ◽  
Zulfalina Zulfalina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Black Color

Pasir mineral merupakan salah satu mineral endapan (sedimen) dengan ukuran butir 0,074-5 mm, ukuran kasar (5–3 mm) dan halus (1 mm), ciri fisik dari pasir mineral ini diantaranya berwarna hitam dan cenderung tertarik oleh magnet. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya didapatkan bahwa kandungan utama dari pasir mineral berupa mineral ilmenit (FeTiO3), hematite (Fe2 - O3), dan magnetit (Fe3O4). Oleh karena itu maka pasir mineral ini sangat potensial untuk menghasilkan logam Fe, Ti, besi oksida dan pigmen titanium oksida. Dalam penelitian ini pengayaan kandungan besi dilakukan dengan metode separasi magnetik kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF. Selanjutnya sampel tersebut disinter pada suhu 800oC, dengan variasi waktu penahanan selama 2, 4 dan 6 jam dan di karakterisasi menggunakan XRD, dimana hasilnya dianalisis dengan metode GSAS. Hasil pengujian XRF menunjukkan bahwa pasir mineral murni (bahan mentah) mempunyai kandungan Fe dan Ti masing–masing 14,38 dan 2,80% (%berat), sedangkan setelah separasi magnetik kandungan Fe dan Ti meningkat masing–masing menjadi 83,51 dan 7,25% (%berat). Hasil analisis GSAS menunjukkan bahwa waktu sintering berpengaruh terhadap fraksi berat Fe dan Ti, ini ditunjukkan senyawa Fe3O4 menurun dari 81,85 menjadi 77,76% dan Fe2O3 dari 11,44 menjadi 3,41%, sementara FeTiO3 meningkat dengan bertambahnya waktu sintering dari 6,72 menjadi 18,83%. The mineral sand is one of the mineral sediments with grain size of 0.074 – 5 mm, coarse size (5–3 mm) and fine (1 mm). The physical characteristics of this mineral sand are black color and tend to be attracted by magnets. Based on several studies, the main content of mineral sand is ilmenite (FeTiO3), hematite (Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4). Therefore mineral sand is very potential to produce Fe, Ti, iron oxide and titanium oxide pigments. In this study, the iron contents from raw materials were enhanced by magnetic separation method, and then the samples were characterized using XRF. Therefore they were sintered at temperature 800oC and variation of holding times 2, 4 and 6 h. The characterization of sample used XRD, where this result is analyzed using GSAS method. The XRF results showed that pure mineral sand (raw materials), has Fe and Ti contents of 14.38 and 2.80% (%weight), whereas after magnetic separation, the Fe and Ti contents increased to 83.51 and 7.25%, respectively. The analysis result of GSAS showed that the sintering time affected the weight fraction of Fe and Ti. These indicated that Fe3O4 decreased from 81.85 to 77.76% and Fe2O3 from 11.44 to 3.41%, while FeTiO3 raise with increasing of sintering time from 6.72 to 18.83%. Keywords: Enhancement, sintering time, compound content, mineral sand, GSAS

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMATITE (Fe2O3) EXTRACTED FROM IRON ORE BY PRECIPITATION METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Andia Andia ◽  
Adi Rahwanto ◽  
Zulkarnanin Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitation Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

Indonesia has a lot of mining material of iron ore that could be used for various purposes in the steel industry or for other. This research, has synthesized and characterization of hematite from local iron ore from Lhoong area by precipitation mechanism. The iron ore powder was magnetic separation with magnet then mixed with HCl and NH4OH. Then, it was dried at temperature of 150 ºC and calcinated at 500º C for 2 hours. Characterizations were perfomed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). As the results, it was found that the magnetic separation iron ore showed the composition of Fe2O3 (95.99%), SiO2 (2.10%). Then, by precipitation mechanism, the composition of Fe2O3 found around 96.58%. Next, the synthesis result are characterized with XRD show that the main phase is dominan in iron ore of Lhoong is hematit (Fe2O3). Scherrer calculations showed that precipitation mechanism to reducing grain size, the process of magnetic separation (58.009 µm) and the precipitation mechanism (20.950 µm.)

Synthesizing Nano-Scale Titanium Nitride Powders by Solvothermal and Carbothermal Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2079-2081
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Tan ◽  
Hui Jun Ren ◽  
Hong Yan Miao ◽  
Min Dong ◽  
Ao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Precursor Powders ◽  
Excess Glucose

Xerogel was prepared by the sol-gel method using butyl titanate, alcohol, carbamide and glucose as raw materials. The precursor powders were obtained after xerogel was solvothermally treated at 220oC for 2 h. The IR analysis suggests that the precursor with 10% excess glucose gave an absorption peak at 1084.37cm-1, which was assigned to Ti-OH bond, while no such a peak can be observed for that with 30% excess glucose. The prepared precursor powders were then sintered at 1400oC in nitrogen atmosphere. XRD and SEM results indicated that the sintering time and the contents of glucose had great effects on synthesizing titanium nitride powders. The titanium nitride powders with a high purity and a mean grain size of about 35 nm could be prepared by heating the precursor with 10% excess glucose at 1400oC for 6.5 h.

Grain-size distribution of Italian raw materials for building clay products: a reappraisal of the Winkler diagram

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dondi ◽  
B. Fabbri ◽  
G. Guarini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Classification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Good Behaviour ◽  
Hollow Bricks

AbstractThe grain size of raw materials influences their behaviour during the technological process and affects many properties of building clay products. Over the last few years, brickworks have been technologically updated and grain size requirements have been modified to ensure good behaviour during shaping and drying. Therefore, the reference schemes used to assess the suitability of clays, such as the classic Winkler diagram, should be updated.For this purpose, the grain-size distribution of 350 clays currently used in ~240 Italian plants was determined by X-ray monitoring of gravity sedimentation. Raw materials are basically represented by silty clays and clayey silts, while bodies present a narrower grain-size range. With reference to the Winkler diagram, most of the Italian bodies fall within the field of ‘thin-walled hollow bricks’, with no significant differentiation among the various product types.In order to improve the grain-size characterization of bodies, a new classification scheme for Italian raw materials is proposed, based on three ranges: >10 µm, 2-10 µm and <2 µm, respectively. It allows distinction of specific grain-size features of bodies for (a) facing bricks; (b) roofing tiles; and (c) lightweight blocks, paving bricks and hollow slabs.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMATITE (Fe2O3) OF IRON ORE AND MAGNETITE (Fe3O4) FROM IRON SAND THROUGH PRECIPITATION METHOD FOR INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Andia Fatmaliana ◽  
Maulinda Maulinda ◽  
Nirmala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4

Indonesia is a country that has enormous iron ore and iron sand mine that can be utilized for various industrial purposes. This research has been successfully conducted synthesis and characterization of hematite iron ore and magnetite from iron sand. Iron sand and iron ore that has been crushed manually repaired with a magnet was carried out with the HCl, and NH4OH then dried in the temperature of 150 oC and calcinated at a temperature of 500 oC. Characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), where the preliminary information obtained from XRF results in an iron ore sample by manual separation have 95.99% of Fe2O3 and followed by compounds SiO2 (2.10%). While the iron sand contains 81.42% of Fe3O4 and 2.5% of SiO2. After the precipitation process, Fe2O3 compounds contained in iron ore has a content of 96.58% and Fe3O4 compounds contained in iron sand (86.73%).  The results of XRD indicate the dominant primary phase in iron ore is hematite or Fe2O3, and in iron, sand is magnetite Fe3O4, Before the extraction process, Fe2O3 was 58.009 μm in size and after the process of extracting the particles was reduced to 20.950 μm. While the Fe3O4, prior to the extract, has a grain size of 59.009 μm, and after an extraction process, the grain size reduced into 25.950 μm. The calculation results indicate there is a slight size difference between the grain size of iron sand and iron ore.

Characterization of PM Fe-Cr-Y2O3 Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
M. Marina ◽  
M.Z.M. Zamzuri ◽  
M.N. Derman ◽  
M.A. Selamat ◽  
W. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Sintered Iron ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Iron Chromium

This research is focused on assessing the feasibility of the new and innovative microwave sintering technology for fabricating iron-chromium composites prepared via powder metallurgy route. Accordingly, the microwave sintered iron-chromium compacts was benchmarked against conventional sintered counterparts fabricated in other researches. We also studied the viability of yttria reinforcement to the iron-chromium composites with varying weight fraction from 5 to 20 %. Comparison on the end properties were also being made on the unreinforced iron-chromium matrix (0 wt. % of yttria). The result revealed that the microwave sintered iron-chromium composites possess improved density and micro hardness value. Process evaluation also revealed that microwave assisted sintering can lead to a reduction of 70 % of sintering time when compared to conventional sintering. The micro hardness property of microwave sintered iron-chromium was slightly improved with 5 wt. % addition of yttria, although the density and compressive strength were reduced with increasing content of the ceramic particulates. Most importantly, the study has established the viability of microwave sintering approach used in place of conventional sintering for iron based powder metallurgy composites.

Structural and Electrical Characterization of Shaped Beam Laser Recrystallized Polysilicon on Amorphous Substrates

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Stultz ◽  
J. F. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Shaped Beam ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Cw Laser ◽  
Amorphous Substrates ◽  
Circular Beam

ABSTRACTStructural and electrical characterization of laser recrystallized LPCVD silicon films on amorphous substrates using a shaped cw laser beam have been performed. In comparing the results to data obtained using a circular beam, it was found that a significant increase in grain size can be achieved and that the surface morphology of the shaped beam recrystallized material was much smoother. It was also found that whereas circular beam recrystallized material has a random grain structure, shaped beam material is highly oriented with a <100> texture. Finally the electrical characteristics of the recrystallized film were very good when measured in directions parallel to the grain boundaries.

Heat resistance of coatings metal deposited by nickel-manganese-molybdenum fl ux-cored wire

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
E.N. Eremin ◽  
A.S. Losev ◽  
I.A. Ponomarev ◽  
S.A. Borodikhin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Nickel Manganese

The heat-resistance of coating from deposited steel 15N8G6M3FTB at temperature of 900 °С is studied. It is established that this dependence occurs in the first hours. The average mass gain of the metal scale of such coating at 900 °С is 0.0128 kg/(m2 •h). It is shown that the basis of metal scale of the composition 15N8G6M3FTB is hematite Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as MnO, which have protective properties. The number of other phase compounds with high protective properties is negligible. The coating from steel 15N8G6M3FTB can be used for applying to the surface of parts operating at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Arnas Majumder ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Costantino Carlo Mastino ◽  
Antonio Pacitto ◽  
Andrea Frattolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Operational Phase

The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

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