scholarly journals Perbedaan diagnosis asma, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik dan asthma-COPD overlap syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianita Permatasari ◽  
Budi Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Keywords Asthma

Abstrak. Penyakit Asma dan PPOK terjadi karena dua mekanisme yang berbeda dan dipicu oleh etiologi dan patogen yang berbeda, keduanya memiliki ciri dan gejala inflamasi jalan nafas dan obstruksi jalan nafas, akan tetapi ada juga penyakit yang memiliki ciri dan gejala asma dan PPOK secara bersamaan. Penyakit ini umumnya dikenal sebagai Asthma-COPD Overlape Syndrome (ACOS). Penyakit ini sering ditemui di klinik dengan manifestasi klinis yang mirip  dengan asma dan PPOK. Meskipun ini belum definit, akan tetapi  di klinik penyakit ini sering ditemui dengan manifestasi fenotipe klinis yang berbeda sehingga perlu untuk memhami beberapa mekanisme mendasar yang berbeda dari penyakit tersebut.  Pada literatur review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan patogenesis ACOS untuk memahami mekanisme tumpang tindih asma dan PPOK. Kata kunci: asma, PPOK, ACOS. Abstract. Asthma and COPD occur due to two different mechanisms and triggered by different etiologies and pathogens, both asthma and COPD have features and symptoms of airway inflammation and airway obstruction, but some diseases have the characteristics and symptoms of asthma and COPD simultaneously. This disease is commonly known as Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) and is often encountered in clinics with the similarity of the clinical manifestations between asthma and COPD. Although this is not definite yet, ACOS  is often appeared by different clinical phenotypic manifestations, so it is necessary to understand some of the different underlying mechanisms of the disease. This literature review aims to explain the differences between Asthma, COPD, and ACOS to understand the overlapping mechanism of these diseases. Keywords: asthma, COPD, ACOS

Investigating Diseases and Chemicals in COVID-19 Literature with Text Mining (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Karami ◽  
Brandon Bookstaver ◽  
Melissa Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
International Health ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly all aspects of life and has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. Given the rapidly unfolding nature of the current pandemic, there is an urgent need to streamline literature synthesis of the growing scientific research to elucidate targeted solutions. While traditional systematic literature review studies provide valuable insights, these studies have restrictions, including analyzing a limited number of papers, having various biases, being time-consuming and labor-intensive, focusing on a few topics, incapable of trend analysis, and lack of data-driven tools. OBJECTIVE This study fills the mentioned restrictions in the literature and practice by analyzing two biomedical concepts, clinical manifestations of disease and therapeutic chemical compounds, with text mining methods in a corpus containing COVID-19 research papers and find associations between the two biomedical concepts. METHODS This research has collected papers representing COVID-19 pre-prints and peer-reviewed research published in 2020. We used frequency analysis to find highly frequent manifestations and therapeutic chemicals, representing the importance of the two biomedical concepts. This study also applied topic modeling to find the relationship between the two biomedical concepts. RESULTS We analyzed 9,298 research papers published through May 5, 2020 and found 3,645 disease-related and 2,434 chemical-related articles. The most frequent clinical manifestations of disease terminology included COVID-19, SARS, cancer, pneumonia, fever, and cough. The most frequent chemical-related terminology included Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Oxygen, Chloroquine, Remdesivir, and water. Topic modeling provided 25 categories showing relationships between our two overarching categories. These categories represent statistically significant associations between multiple aspects of each category, some connections of which were novel and not previously identified by the scientific community. CONCLUSIONS Appreciation of this context is vital due to the lack of a systematic large-scale literature review survey and the importance of fast literature review during the current COVID-19 pandemic for developing treatments. This study is beneficial to researchers for obtaining a macro-level picture of literature, to educators for knowing the scope of literature, to journals for exploring most discussed disease symptoms and pharmaceutical targets, and to policymakers and funding agencies for creating scientific strategic plans regarding COVID-19.

Asthma with Irreversible Airway Obstruction in Smokers and Nonsmokers: Links between Airway Inflammation and Structural Changes

Respiration ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Boulet ◽  
Marie-Eve Boulay ◽  
Harvey O. Coxson ◽  
Cameron J. Hague ◽  
Joanne Milot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Airway Wall Thickness ◽  
Irreversible Airway Obstruction

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The development of irreversible airway obstruction (IRAO) in asthma is related to lung/airway inflammatory and structural changes whose characteristics are likely influenced by exposure to tobacco smoke. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate the interplay between airway and lung structural changes, airway inflammation, and smoking exposure in asthmatics with IRAO. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied asthmatics with IRAO who were further classified according to their smoking history, those with ≥20 pack-years of tobacco exposure (asthmatics with smoking-related IRAO [AwS-IRAO]) and those with &#x3c;5 pack-years of tobacco exposure (asthmatics with nonsmoking-related IRAO [AwNS-IRAO]). In addition to recording baseline clinical and lung function features, all patients had a chest computed tomography (CT) from which airway wall thickness was measured and quantitative and qualitative assessment of emphysema was performed. The airway inflammatory profile was documented from differential inflammatory cell counts on induced sputum. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ninety patients were recruited (57 AwS-IRAO and 33 AwNS-IRAO). There were no statistically significant differences in the extent of emphysema and gas trapping between groups on quantitative chest CT analysis, although Pi10, a marker of airway wall thickness, was significantly higher in AwS-IRAO (<i>p</i> = 0.0242). Visual analysis showed a higher prevalence of emphysema (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) and higher emphysema score (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) in AwS-IRAO compared to AwNS-IRAO and distribution of emphysema was different between groups. Correlations between radiological features and lung function were stronger in AwS-IRAO. In a subgroup analysis, we found a correlation between airway neutrophilia and emphysematous features in AwS-IRAO and between eosinophilia and both airway wall thickness and emphysematous changes in AwNS-IRAO. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Although bronchial structural changes were relatively similar in smoking and nonsmoking patients with asthma and IRAO, emphysematous changes were more predominant in smokers. However, neutrophils in AwS-IRAO and eosinophils in AwNS-IRAO were associated with lung and airway structural changes.

scholarly journals Primary biliary cholangitis‐autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: Case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelli Iamblaudiot Razafindrazoto ◽  
Andry Lalaina Rinà Rakotozafindrabe ◽  
Nitah Harivony Randriamifidy ◽  
Anjaramalala Sitraka Rasolonjatovo ◽  
Tovo Harimanana Rabenjanahary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis

OVERLAP NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBODIES TO GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE: CLINICAL OBSERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
E.S. Druzhinina ◽  
◽  
R.T. Bembeeva ◽  
D.S. Druzhinin ◽  
U.M. Azizova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

The article presents a description of an overlap syndrome, rare in pediatric practice, associated with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in a 4-year-old child, which was initially regarded as a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome due to the similarity of clinical manifestations.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS: ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINIC. (Literature review)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Г.Ж. Жакенова ◽  
Р.Б. Нуржанова ◽  
К.Б. Сраилова ◽  
Ж.С. Шерияздан ◽  
А.Б. Ташманова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Imaging Signs

В данной статье представлен обзор литературы по транзиторным ишемическим атакам: эпидемиология, этиология, патогенез, классификация, основные характеристики с учетом факторов риска, визуализационных признаков МРТ и КТ, клинических проявлений и дифференциальной диагностики данного заболевания на основе современных исследований. This article presents a review of the literature on transient ischemic attacks: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, main characteristics taking into account risk factors, imaging signs of MRI and CT, clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of this disease based on modern research.

Epidermoid brain cysts: a case report and a literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-371
Author(s):  
Maksim Vladimirovich Shpagin ◽  
Anton Viktorovich Yarikov ◽  
Denis Nikolaevich Nikitin ◽  
Igor Anatolievich Lobanov ◽  
Ivan Aleksandrovich Laganin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Epidermoid Cysts ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Brain Cysts

The article is devoted to rare brain pathology, i.e. epidermoid cysts. The histological picture of the tumor is described; the classification is given. On the basis of our own clinical observations and a literature review, the features of the clinical manifestations of cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine angle, modern approaches to the diagnosis and tactics of complex treatment are presented.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations and Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease-Related Multiple Cerebral Infarcts

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Li-Li Sun ◽  
Wen-Xiong Tang ◽  
Min Tian ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zun-Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
Multiple Stroke ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Embolic Signals

It is important to investigate the clinical characteristics and identify the stroke mechanisms of patients with autoimmune disease-related stroke, which are necessary for early etiology diagnosis, accurate treatment and preventive strategies. In this article we retrospectively studied eight cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with autoimmune diseases, and without competing conventional stroke etiologies. The characteristics of stroke (clinical and radiological features), the laboratory tests especially serum D-dimer levels (as a marker of hypercoagulable state), and embolic signals on transcranial Doppler were evaluated for all eight patients. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI), which can help to evaluate vasculitis was performed in four patients. The possible underlying mechanisms of these cases were discussed based on these manifestations. As a result, autoimmune diseases in our study included systemic lupus erythematosus ( n=5), mixed connective tissue disease ( n=1), central nervous system vasculitis ( n=1), and Takayasu arteritis ( n=1). All eight patients presented with acute infarction lesions in ≥2 vascular territories. Most patients presented with numerous small and medium infarction lesions located in the cortical and subcortical areas. Multiple stroke mechanisms were involved in these cases, including hypercoagulability ( n=4), cardiac embolism ( n=1) and vasculitis ( n=3). Embolic signals could be detected on transcranial Doppler in all three stroke mechanisms. In conclusion, our study revealed the characteristics of autoimmune disease-related stroke. For patients with multiple acute cerebral infarcts within non-single arterial territories, autoimmune disease is an important etiology not to be neglected. Multiple stroke mechanisms were involved in these cases.

Parapharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid collection: an unusual complication of temporal bone fracture

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323
Author(s):  
C Kirton ◽  
A Guidera
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Temporal Bone Fracture

AbstractObjective:We present an unusual case of parapharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid collection causing upper airway obstruction following a temporal bone fracture.Method:Case report and literature review of temporal bone fracture associated with parapharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid collection.Results:A 19-year-old man presented with cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea and temporal bone fracture following a head injury. He was discharged after 48 hours of observation. The patient returned within 6 hours with sudden unilateral neck swelling and stridor after blowing his nose. Flexible nasendoscopy and computed tomography showed extrinsic compression of the pharynx, with partial upper airway obstruction. A literature review using Pubmed™ and Medline™ identified no previously reported cases of parapharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid collection associated with temporal bone fracture.Conclusion:This case illustrates a previously undescribed complication of temporal bone fracture. Raised intracranial pressure in the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula may lead to airway obstruction, following temporal bone fracture.

scholarly journals Ornidazole-Induced Recurrent Encephalopathy in a Chinese Man: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Tang ◽  
Jia Liang ◽  
Yuanfang Li ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Ornidazole-induced encephalopathy (OIE) is seldom seen in the clinic. In this study, we report a new case of a patient who had taken 1,000 mg ornidazole daily for nearly 4 years because of suspected diarrhea and proctitis and presented with subacute symptoms such as unsteady gait, slurred speech, and psychiatric disorder. These symptoms were significantly relieved 3 days after the patient stopped taking ornidazole. When he took this medicine again, however, similar symptoms occurred 4 months later, which were again reduced after 4 days of drug discontinuation. After the second onset, abnormal signals were identified around the aqueduct of the midbrain, around the fourth ventricle, and in the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum bilaterally. After 9 days of drug discontinuation, lesions disappeared in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. According to the clinical manifestations, imaging features, and the reduced symptoms after drug withdrawal, we clinically diagnosed the patient with OIE. This paper also reviews the literature on OIE. Only five cases (including our case) have been reported, all of whom presented with cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria and three with additional mental symptoms such as agitation and irritability. All five patients had abnormal lesions in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum bilaterally, among whom four also had lesions in the corpus callosum and three around the periaqueduct of the midbrain. After withdrawal of ornidazole, the symptoms in all patients vanished or were alleviated, and three of them showed reduced or disappeared lesions in a head MRI reexamination. Overall, OIE has rarely been reported. Our case report and literature review show that the lesions in the cerebellum, corpus callosum, and brainstem can be reversed. The main manifestations of the lesions—cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and mental symptoms—quickly weaken or disappear after drug withdrawal, with good prognosis. Nevertheless, clear pathogenesis has yet to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma Children with Small Airway Obstruction Based on CT Features of Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

This study was aimed at exploring the treatment of asthma children with small airway obstruction in CT imaging features of deep learning and glucocorticoid. A total of 145 patients meeting the requirements in hospital were included in this study, and they were randomly assigned to receive aerosolized glucocorticoid ( n = 45 ), aerosolized glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilator ( n = 50 ), or oral steroids ( n = 50 ) for 4 weeks after discharge. The lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) indexes of the three groups were measured, respectively, and then the effective rates were compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids with different administration methods and combined medications in the short-term maintenance treatment after acute exacerbation of asthma. Deep learning algorithm was used for CT image segmentation. The CT image is sent to the workbench for processing on the workbench, and then the convolution operation is performed on each input pixel point during the image processing. After 4 weeks of maintenance treatment, FEF50 %, FEF75 %, and MMEF75/25 increased significantly, and FENO decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ). The improvement results of FEF50 %, FEF75 %, MMEF75/25, and FENO after maintenance treatment were as follows: the oral hormone group was the most effective, followed by the combined atomization inhalation group, and the hormone atomization inhalation group was the least effective. The differences among them were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The accuracy of artificial intelligence segmentation algorithm was 81%. All the hormones were more effective than local medication in the treatment of small airway function and airway inflammation. In the treatment of aerosol inhalation, the hormone combined with bronchiectasis drug was the most effective in improving small airway obstruction and reducing airway inflammation compared with single drug inhalation. Deep learning CT images are simple, noninvasive, and intuitively observe lung changes in asthma with small airway functional obstruction. Asthma with small airway functional obstruction has high clinical diagnosis and evaluation value.

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