scholarly journals Prairie Gardening

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Katherine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North American Prairie

The paper attempts to unpick the real meaning of the term ‘prairie gardening’ and to explore its popularity in a European context. Establishment and maintenance techniques are also considered. The term is, however, applied without discrimination to a wide range of styles, from large-scale traditional prairie restoration or re-creation projects through to highly stylised prairie interpretations. Research included a literature review to assess the main ecological features of, and threats to, native North American Prairie and an examination of the origins of contemporary ‘prairie gardening’ in both the USA and Europe. Primary data was gathered from eight UK gardens associated with this planting style. The evidence suggests that the spectrum of styles encompassed by this term is broad even within the UK, a clear indication that its usage is over-simplistic and potentially ambiguous. The author offers her own classification of the genre under the umbrella term ‘prairie-style gardening’ in the hope of further clarification. The paper is a summary of a project which was carried out as part of the second-year project of the HND in Horticulture with Plantsmanship at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

scholarly journals Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning-Based Cardiac Arrhythmias Classification Model of Electrocardiogram Signals

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ahmad O. Aseeri
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Wide Range

Deep Learning-based methods have emerged to be one of the most effective and practical solutions in a wide range of medical problems, including the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. A critical step to a precocious diagnosis in many heart dysfunctions diseases starts with the accurate detection and classification of cardiac arrhythmias, which can be achieved via electrocardiograms (ECGs). Motivated by the desire to enhance conventional clinical methods in diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias, we introduce an uncertainty-aware deep learning-based predictive model design for accurate large-scale classification of cardiac arrhythmias successfully trained and evaluated using three benchmark medical datasets. In addition, considering that the quantification of uncertainty estimates is vital for clinical decision-making, our method incorporates a probabilistic approach to capture the model’s uncertainty using a Bayesian-based approximation method without introducing additional parameters or significant changes to the network’s architecture. Although many arrhythmias classification solutions with various ECG feature engineering techniques have been reported in the literature, the introduced AI-based probabilistic-enabled method in this paper outperforms the results of existing methods in outstanding multiclass classification results that manifest F1 scores of 98.62% and 96.73% with (MIT-BIH) dataset of 20 annotations, and 99.23% and 96.94% with (INCART) dataset of eight annotations, and 97.25% and 96.73% with (BIDMC) dataset of six annotations, for the deep ensemble and probabilistic mode, respectively. We demonstrate our method’s high-performing and statistical reliability results in numerical experiments on the language modeling using the gating mechanism of Recurrent Neural Networks.

Events in Northern Africa and Middle East: Causes and Consequences

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oriental Studies

Political developments in North Africa and the Middle East that have begun in January 2011 are gaining strength and involve an increasing number of Arab countries. The participants of the Roundtable – experts from IMEMO, Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS), Institute of the USA and Canada (RAS) and Mrs. E. Suponina from “Moscow News” newspaper analyzed a wide range of issues associated with these events. Among them are: 1) the reasons for such a large-scale explosion, 2) the nature of the discussed developments (revolutions, riots?) and who are the subjects of the current “Arab drama”, 3) the role of Islam and political Islamism, 4) the role of external factors.

scholarly journals Taming the chaos: NHS professionals’ perspective of using video consulting during COVID-19 in Wales

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e001318
Author(s):  
Gemma Johns ◽  
Sara Khalil ◽  
Mike Ogonovsky ◽  
Markus Hesseling ◽  
Allan Wardhaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
The Uk

The use of video consulting (VC) in the UK has expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology Enabled Care (TEC) Cymru, the Welsh Government and Local Health boards began implementing the National Health Service (NHS) Wales VC Service in March 2020. This has been robustly evaluated on a large-scale All-Wales basis, across a wide range of NHS Wales specialities.AimsTo understand the early use of VC in Wales from the perspective of NHS professionals using it. NHS professionals were approached by TEC Cymru to provide early data.MethodsUsing an observational study design with descriptive methods including a cross-sectional survey, TEC Cymru captured data on the use, benefits and challenges of VC from NHS professionals in Wales during August and September 2020. This evidence is based on the rapid adoption of VC in Wales, which mirrors that of other nations.ResultsA total of 1256 NHS professionals shared their VC experience. Overall, responses were positive, and professionals expressed optimistic views regarding the use and benefit of VC, even when faced with challenges on occasions.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of general positivity, acceptance and the success of the VC service in Wales. Future research studies will now be able to explore and evaluate the implementation methods used within this study, and investigate their effectiveness in being able to achieve better outcomes through VC.

European Perspectives on the Classification of Depression

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (S3) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pichot
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The publication by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) - a text whose influence has been felt throughout the entire world and whose system of classification, particularly within the context of depressive disorders, has now been adopted by the majority of research work, no matter in what country it is implemented or published - has given the impression that an ‘American perspective’ has been substituted for the ‘European perspective’ that was predominant up to that point. However, this is a simplistic view of a complex history. Certainly, the basic methods of DSM-III originated from within those traditions which are particularly rooted in the USA, such as the quantitative approach to diagnostic criteria; these derive in the final analysis from the ‘statistical psychology’ devised by James McKeen Cattell at the University of Pennsylvania in 1887, and subsequently taught by him at Columbia University. But even among those factors which appear to be characteristically American, European origins can be detected: when he was in London, Cattell was the pupil of Galton, the founder of biometry. Furthermore, there has never existed in Europe any unanimity of opinion with regard to the problems of nosology: concepts supported in the German-speaking countries, in France, in the UK, or in the Scandinavian countries have only been partially adopted elsewhere and occasionally have remained specific to their national tradition. This paper will examine two of the fundamental points in the classification of depression which are linked to European perspectives - the notion of affective disorder and the endogenous/non-endogenous dichotomy - and will discuss the present situation created by the discordance which exists between the European and American approaches.

Presenting Medical Statistics from Proposal to Publication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Sally M. Kerry ◽  
Raymond R. Balise
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Size Calculations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Presenting Medical Statistics from Proposal to Publication (second edition) aims to show readers how to conduct a wide range of statistical analyses from sample size calculations through to multifactorial regressions that are needed in the research process. The second edition of ‘Presenting’ has been revised and updated and now includes Stata, SAS, SPSS, and R. The book shows how to interpret each computer output and illustrates how to present the results and accompanying text in a format suitable for a peer-reviewed journal article or research report. All analyses are illustrated using real data and all programming code, outputs, and datasets used in the book are available on a website for readers to freely download and use. ‘Presenting’ includes practical information and helpful tips for software, all statistical methods used, and the research process. It is written by three experienced biostatisticians, Janet Peacock, Sally Kerry, and Ray Balise from the UK and the USA, and is born out of their extensive experience conducting collaborative medical research, teaching medical students, physicians, and other health professionals, and providing researchers with advice.

Implications of online funding regulations for small businesses

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the implications of exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to crowdfunding (CF) schemes. The aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and even now witnessed many small profits and non-profits encountering significant difficulties in accessing funding from the conventional sources and on many occasions have to turn to the newly emerging Internet-enabled donation or product compensation CF schemes. Access to securities-based CF schemes has, however, been seriously difficult due to securities laws obstacles. Regulatory authorities in the USA and the UK have responded with exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to CF. Design/methodology/approach – The paper driven by the qualitative doctrinal approach would rely extensively on primary data from the applicable regulations and secondary data from industry sources and other publicly available commentaries. Findings – Securities-based CF schemes hitherto heavily restricted in the USA and the UK are under current regulatory interventions-accorded exemption status, thereby enabling enhanced access for those small businesses seeking alternatives to conventional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small investors. The paper’s preliminary analysis suggests that the proposed new regulatory rules in the USA and the UK are generally well-balanced with adequate small investors’ protection, while simultaneously not hampering the innovative growth of small businesses with excessive restrictions. Further, the preparedness of the regulators to fine-tune the proposed rules as the CF industry evolves would likely ensure its orderly growth, thereby helping to address various humanitarian and social challenges in these jurisdictions. Originality/value – The added value of the analysis lies in its substantive evaluation of the proposed rules in both jurisdictions to ascertain the feasibility of securities-based CF schemes as alternatives for small businesses in relation to traditional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small unsophisticated investors.

scholarly journals A Framework for Recruiting into a Remote Measurement Technologies (RMTs) study: Experiences from a major depressive disorder cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Oetzmann ◽  
Katie White ◽  
Alina Ivan ◽  
Jessica Julie ◽  
Daniel Leightley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Barriers

The use of remote measurement technologies (RMTs) across mobile health (mHealth) studies is becoming increasingly popular, given their potential for high-frequency symptom monitoring outside of routine clinical appointments. However, many RMT studies fail to report on engagement and recruitment statistics, with the few who do citing a wide range of recruitment rates. There is a need for the standardisation of best practices for successful recruitment into RMT research, critical for both research validity and reproducibility. The current paper aims to create a framework for successful recruitment into RMT studies, reflecting on the experience of RADAR-MDD, a large-scale, multi-site prospective cohort study utilising RMT to explore the clinical course of people with major depressive disorder across the UK, Netherlands, and Spain. More specifically, the paper assesses four key strategies for successful recruitment, alongside a review of the common barriers to participation and how to avoid them. Finally, the strategies and barriers outlined are combined into a single model of recruitment, that can be used as a framework to inform future study design and evaluation. Such a model will be applicable to a variety of stakeholders using RMT in healthcare research and practice.

scholarly journals New Directions in Mental Health Care Evaluation

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Isaac Marks ◽  
Joseph Connolly ◽  
Matthijs Muijen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Care Evaluation ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Care Evaluation

Mental health care evaluation is a priority area as mental health care services are changing rapidly, more than are most other medical services. Budgets are finite, and there is concern for value for money in meeting the needs of patients and families. A one-day workshop brought together leading figures in the USA and Europe to discuss how a unit and consortium might be established to give cohesion and catalyse evaluative research in this fragmented field in the UK. Sound scientific data are available which have not yet been widely disseminated or used in policy making. There are rich opportunities for cross-national projects. The USA has intriguing innovations in evaluative research in mental health, some on a large scale, and these are relevant to the UK.

Tourism demonstration system for large-scale museums based on 3D virtual simulation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Yongcai Hu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xigang Liu ◽  
Quan Gan ◽  
Jie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Scene

Purpose The purpose of this study is to enhance audience experience in museum by using three-dimensional (3D) virtual simulation technology. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a large space museum building tourism demonstration system based on 3D virtual simulation technology was proposed. Starting from the concept of virtual reality (VR), the characteristics of VR and the classification of VR systems were introduced, and the research status of VR technology at home and abroad and the application of 3D virtual simulation were discussed. Then the key technologies of 3D modeling, 3D scene optimization and 3D simulation driving of 3D virtual simulation were expounded, and the characteristics and application scope of different technical methods were analyzed. Finally, an example of the Hongzhou Kiln 3D network museum was listed. Findings The research results showed that 3D virtual simulation has a wide range of applications in the field of VR. Different elements need to be considered for different types of applications, and different contents need to be integrated to achieve the corresponding interaction modes. Originality/value Virtual image; multimedia; large space museum; tourism demonstration system; 3D virtual simulation technology.

scholarly journals Distinct Growth Strategies of Soil Bacteria as Revealed by Large-Scale Colony Tracking

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1345-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Ernebjerg ◽  
Roy Kishony
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Properties

ABSTRACTOur understanding of microbial ecology has been significantly furthered in recent years by advances in sequencing techniques, but comprehensive surveys of the phenotypic characteristics of environmental bacteria remain rare. Such phenotypic data are crucial for understanding the microbial strategies for growth and the diversity of microbial ecosystems. Here, we describe a high-throughput measurement of the growth of thousands of bacterial colonies using an array of flat-bed scanners coupled with automated image analysis. We used this system to investigate the growth properties of members of a microbial community from untreated soil. The system provides high-quality measurements of the number of CFU, colony growth rates, and appearance times, allowing us to directly study the distribution of these properties in mixed environmental samples. We find that soil bacteria display a wide range of growth strategies which can be grouped into several clusters that cannot be reduced to any of the classical dichotomous divisions of soil bacteria, e.g., into copiotophs and oligotrophs. We also find that, at early times, cells are most likely to form colonies when other, nearby colonies are present but not too dense. This maximization of culturability at intermediate plating densities suggests that the previously observed tendency for high density to lead to fewer colonies is partly offset by the induction of colony formation caused by interactions between microbes. These results suggest new types of growth classification of soil bacteria and potential effects of species interactions on colony growth.

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