scholarly journals Daya Gabung dan Heterosis Galur Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Eko Purnomo Setyowidianto ◽  
Nur Basuki ◽  
Dan Damanhuri

Corn productivity can be improved using hybrid varieties. Evaluation of inbreds and hybrids were required to obtain information of general combining ability and specific combining ability. The objective of this research was to find out inbred combining ability and hybrids heterosis from crosses of 10 inbreds (5 inbreds from PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi and 5 introduced inbreds) based on yield and yield components character. Diallel mating design using method 2 model 1 of Griffing model and the testing were conducted from January to August 2012. The tests using a randomized block design with three replications. PWM-1 (PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi group) and PWI-5 (introduced group) have GCA better than other inbreds on grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, shelling percentage and 1,000 seeds weight. Hybrids PWM-5 x PWM-1, PWI-5 x PWM-1 and PWI-5 x PWM-5 have a positive SCA values and also inbred parent have a positive GCA value. Intercrosses of introduced group had the high heterosis for all characters. PWI-4 x PWI-2 had highest SCA and heterobeltiosis for ear diameter and 1,000 seeds weight, and for number of seed rows was PWI-5 x PWI-2.<br /><br />Keywords: diallel cross, heterobeltiosis<br /><br />

Author(s):  
D. Chandra ◽  
S.K. Verma ◽  
A.K. Gaur ◽  
C. Bisht ◽  
A. Gautam ◽  
...  

Background: The development of superior hybrids is must to break the existing yield plateau ( less than 800 kg/ha) in pigeonpea and hence, the genetic mechanism governing the heterosis in pigeonpea must be decoded. Methods: The present study was laid down using randomized block design during kharif 2018-19 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar with 36 genotypes (8 parents and 28 F1 hybrids) of pigeonpea. The estimates of combining ability were evaluated by using the Griffing’s, Method II, Model I. The observations recorded for yield and related traits were subjected to the estimation of genetic diversity (GD) using the D2 statistics. The correlation between heterosis and different parameters viz., parental mean (PM), specific combining ability (SCA), mean of general combining ability (MGCA) and genetic diversity (GD) were estimated by using Pearson’s correlation. Result: High estimates of SCA variance and more than unity ( greater than 1) average degree of dominance for all the characters indicated the presence of over dominance. The SCA followed by MGCA were found to be most reliable parameters to predict the heterosis. The parents having high x low or high x high per se performance, good x poor GCA effects and with medium genetic diversity resulted in high frequency of heterotic hybrids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipat Singh Yadav ◽  
B. Gangwar

The present investigation was conducted using 28 different genotypes (seven parents and their 21 F1s) of maize under organic conditions at the Rain-fed Organic Research Farm, Narayanbag, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) India, during kharif 2018 and rabi season 2018-19. In order to determine the general and specific combining ability of parents and the crosses, the growth parameters and yield components were evaluated in a 7×7 diallel fashion in maize in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. In this study, the GCA effects suggested that parent P1, P2 and P4 were the most desirable as they possessed high GCA effect for most of the characters. Among F1 crosses, P4 x P3, P3 x P1, P5 x P3 and P7 x P5 having significant positive SCA were found to be desirable for yield and yield attributing characters. The maximum heterotic effects in desirable direction for yield attributes were showed by the cross combinations viz; P1 x P6, P2 x P7, P2 x P5, P1 x P2, P3 x P4, P5 x P7 and P3 x P5. The maximum heterosis was recorded in for Seed yield per plant P5 x P7 (39.32%) which ranged from -14.69 to 49.55.


2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Rubiyo ◽  
Nicho Nurdebyandaru

This research aimed to determine the potentiality of P1 and P2 as parents to produce superior strains of hybrid cacao by estimating general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability from crossed diallel among high yielding parents which are resistant to P. palmivora. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Sumber Asin, Malang, East Java, from 2010 to 2018. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of 10 hybrids and 5 parents so that the treatment used 15 genotypes. Each treatment consisted of 12 plants in triplicates. Resistance test on parents and F1 showed that all crossed combination strains were infected by pod rot disease (P. palmivora) with various intensity. The highest disease intensity was a strain combination of DR 1 x ICS 13 and the lowest one was ICS 13 and SCa 6. All crossed combination strains in the field had not shown symptoms of any pest infection. Cacao clones that have low GCA value based on the disease intensity were TSH 858, ICCRI 3 and SCa 6. These clones have the potential to be used in the assembly of disease-resistant and high-yielding cocoa hybrids in the future.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355
Author(s):  
Hemlata Kumari ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Rashmi Kumari

An investigation was carried out to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action in baby corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes, by making crosses of eight inbred lines namely, HKI 3209, SML 1, EC 595979, CM 128, VQL 1, G 18 seq C5 F 76-2-2-1-1-2-BBB, HKI 209, in diallel mating design (without reciprocal crosses) by following Griffing Model–I and Method–II during rabi season 2013-14 at the experimental farm of BAC, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar). The crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action. Based on general combining ability, parents CM 128 and VQL 1 were best parent forbreeding programme for yield and quality improvement. The specific combining ability also indicates that hybrid CM128 x VQL1 was best specific combiner for baby corn yield (4.11q/ha), fodder yield (50.91q/ha) as well as for better quality. The crosses CM 128 x HKI 209 recorded the high mean (7.35%) and SCA effects (2.57 ºBrix) for quality traits. The gene action analysis also revealed preponderance of non-additive gene action for yield and its contributing characters.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
RR. SRI HARTATI ◽  
SUDARSONO SUDARSONO

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Perakitan varietas unggul memerlukan informasi daya gabung tetua,<br />baik umum maupun khusus. Tetua dengan daya gabung umum (DGU)<br />tinggi berpotensi menghasilkan varietas sintetis atau komposit. Sementara<br />itu, tetua dengan daya gabung khusus (DGK) tinggi berpotensi<br />menghasilkan varietas hibrida. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui daya<br />gabung tetua jarak pagar yang dapat menghasilkan hibrida atau populasi<br />komposit. Sepuluh tetua, yaitu 1 tetua berdaya hasil rendah, 6 menengah,<br />dan 3 tinggi digunakan dalam persilangan dialel lengkap. Evaluasi<br />dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balittri Pakuwon Sukabumi, mulai<br />Agustus 2008 sampai Juli 2011 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok<br />tiga ulangan. Karakter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang,<br />lebar kanopi, umur mulai berbunga, serta jumlah cabang total, cabang<br />produktif, infloresen, tandan, fruit set, dan buah per tanaman. Analisis<br />dialel menggunakan metode I Griffing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ratio<br />ragam DGU dan DGK lebih besar daripada satu ( DGU / DGK &gt; 1) pada<br />semua karakter yang dievaluasi. Tetua 3012-1 dan PT 15-1, yang berdaya<br />hasil tinggi, memiliki DGU tinggi pada karakter umur mulai berbunga,<br />lebar kanopi, serta jumlah cabang total, cabang produktif, infloresen,<br />tandan, dan buah. Tetua PT 33-2, yang berdaya hasil menengah, memiliki<br />DGU tinggi pada karakter umur mulai berbunga, serta jumlah cabang total,<br />cabang produktif, infloresen, dan buah. Sementara itu, tetua 575-3, yang<br />berdaya hasil rendah, memiliki DGU tinggi pada lingkar batang. Tetua PT<br />33-2, 3012-1, dan PT 15-1 berpotensi sebagai penyusun populasi dasar<br />untuk pembentukan varietas sintetik yang cepat berbunga dan berdaya<br />hasil tinggi. Tetua 575-3 berpotensi untuk dirakit sebagai varietas yang<br />memiliki lingkar batang besar dan berbunga lambat.<br />Kata kunci: daya gabung umum, daya gabung khusus, gen aditif,<br />komposit, Jatropha curcas L.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability<br />(SCA) are important in creating high yielding varieties. A parent having<br />high GCA is appropriate to produce synthetic or composite varieties, while<br />high SCA is to produce hybrid. The research objective is to find out the<br />information of parents combining ability in Jatropha curcas L. Research<br />was conducted using diallel analysis. Ten genotypes i.e. 1 low yielding<br />parent, 6 medium, and 3 high were used to generate F1 arrays with full<br />diallel analysis. Evaluation was conducted at Indonesian Spice and<br />Industrial Crops Research Institute Experimental Station, using<br />Randomized Block Design from August until July 2011. The observation<br />were plant height, stem girth, canopy width, days to flowering, and<br />number of total branches, productive branches, inflorescences, bunches,<br />fruit set percentages; and fruit per plant. Diallel analysis was using<br />Griffing Model I. Results showed that general variance, each of GCA and<br />SCA ratio, is more than one ( GCA / SCA &gt; 1) in all evaluated characters.<br />High yielding parents of 3012-1 and PT 15-1 exhibited high GCA on days<br />to flowering, canopy width, and number of total branches, productive<br />branches, inflorescences, bunches, and fruits. Medium yielding parents of<br />PT 33-2 exhibited high GCA for days to flowering, number of total<br />branches, productive branches, inflorescences, and fruits. Low yielding<br />genotype of 575-3 exhibited high on stem girth. PT 33-2, 3012-1, and PT<br />15-1 could be used for developing early flowering and high yielding<br />varieties, while 575-3 was suitable for producing big stem girth and late<br />flowering varieties.<br />Key word: general combining ability, specific combining ability, additive<br />gen, composite, Jatropha curcas L.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Vijay Sharma ◽  
Mohit Chaudhary ◽  
Sunil Kumar Paswan ◽  
Azad Ahmad ◽  
...  

Twenty eight hybrids developed from eight genotypes of linseed through diallel mating design (excluding reciprocal) along with one checks viz., Shekhar were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for eleven distinct morphological traits during rabi season of 2012-13, to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding varieties. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant mean sum of squares due to GCA and SCA for all the traits under study. Genotype EC-1392 (0.50) and TL-11 (0.45) has been found good general combiner with highest magnitude of GCA effects for seed yield per plant. In addition to above, EC-1392 and TL-11 also showed good GCA effects for plant height, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant and biological yield per plant. Hybrids A.95.B x Shekhar (2.43), TL-11 x EC-1392 (1.71) and NDL-2004-05 x GS-234 (1.53) showed higher positive significant SCA effects for seed yield per plant. These hybrids also exhibited positive significant SCA effects for plant height, secondary brances per plant, capsules per plant, indicating potential for exploiting hybrid vigour in breeding programme.


2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Maida ◽  
M. P. Patel ◽  
Chandrabhan Ahirwar ◽  
A. M. Patel

Twenty eight hybrids developed by utilizing eight parents in 8 x 8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for twelve characters in order to understand the combining ability and gene action in pigeonpea. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed presence of additive and non- additive gene action. The ratio of gca/sca variance was less than unity which indicated the preponderance of non- additive gene action for action in the control of pod length, harvest index, protein content and leaf area. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents ICPL-87119, GT-103 and AGT-2 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its attributing characters while, hybrids UPAS-120 x GT-103, BSMR-853 x BANAS and BSMR-853 x GT-1 showed the higher order sca effect for seed yield per plant. These cross combinations can be potentially utilized in hybrid breeding programmes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Roy Efendi ◽  
Muhammad Azrai

Abstract Information about combining ability and genetic parameters guide maize breeders in selecting parents and gene action of the desired trait. This study aims to determine the general combining ability of the yield characters of shading tolerant maize lines and the genetic parameters of their agronomic characters. This research was conducted at IP2TP Bajeng in December 2020-March 2021. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes used were nine hybrids obtain from a partial diallelic (2x6). The results showed that line SHD3 showed good general ability for yield. High heritability values were shown by variables days to anthesis, days to silk, plant height, ear height, leaf length, leaf width, 100 grains weight and ear diameter.


Author(s):  
. Pramila ◽  
M. L. Kushwaha ◽  
Udit Kumar ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Bishwa Mitra Sinha

Present investigation was carried out during autumn winter season 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Vegetable Research Centre of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar with 43 genotypes including 10 lines, 3 testers and 30 F1’s of brinjal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The observations were recorded for 11 characters. Variances due to testers were greater than variances due to lines for most of the characters. The estimates of General Combining Ability (GCA) effect indicated that PB71, BB85, PB66, Swarn Syamli and DBL02 were best general combiner for earliness (days to 50% flowering), whereas the best specific cross was BRLVAR6 × DBL02. For weight of marketable fruits per plant PB66, SMB115, LC7, BRLVAR6 were best general combiners and SMB115 × DBL02, PB66 × Pant Samrat and IBWL 2001-1 × Pant Rituraj were best specific combiners. Pant Rituraj was found best general combining effect for plant height, fruit diameter, weight of marketable fruits per plant, number of unmarketable fruits per plant, total yield per plant and total yield per hectare. Pant Samrat showed good General Combining Ability (GCA) effects for number of primary branches per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, weight of unmarketable fruits per plant and total number of fruits per plant. DBL02 was recorded best general combiner for earliness and fruit length. SMB115 and PB 66 were best general combiners for most of the yield characters. SMB115 × DBL02, PB66 × Pant Samrat and IBWL2001-1 × Pant Rituraj were showed highest Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effect for most of the characters. Therefore, these cross combinations could be commercially exploited for higher yield.


HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 990D-990
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Smith ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
Jerry A. Bartz

When tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit come in contact with water at the packing house dump tanks, they can infiltrate water through the stem scar. If the water is infested with Erwinia carotovora, the fruit can infiltrate the bacteria, which will later develop into bacterial soft rot. To determine the inheritance of low water infiltration and thus tolerance to soft rot, a complete diallel was produced using six parents that infiltrate different amounts of water. The parents and hybrids were grown in a completely randomized block design with three blocks and 10 plants per block. The amount of water infiltrated by the fruit was measured by the change in weight after the fruit were immersed in water in a pressure cooker for 2 min. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with GCA having a higher significance than SCA. There appeared to be a cytoplasmic effect on water uptake, where less water was taken up when the low-uptake parent was used as a female. When orthogonal contrasts were performed on reciprocal hybrids from parents that were significantly different, 33% of them were significantly different.


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