ITALIAN MINORITY IN ISTRIA: DEVELOPMENT IN CJNDITIONS OF MULTICULTURAL AND MULTI-ETNIC SOCIETY

The article identifies and discloses the problems of national minorities living on the territory of the Istrian peninsula with access to the Adriatic Sea and the region Venezia Giulia. It must be stressed that the population of Istria just over the past century four times "changed citizenship", having been in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia- FPRY (later - the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - SFRY), and, finally, the People`s and the Socialist Republic of Croatia. It is shown that all of these political changes in different periods strongly influenced mentality of the population, especially in matters relating to the treatment of national minorities. Consequently, the composite structure of the population of Istria and Venezia Giulia with time has undergone profound changes: Latinized ethnolinguistic group assimilated by Slavic population, but subsequently was different from the Slovenes and Croats. Before the First World War, these territories were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and there lived the Italians, Croats and Slovenes. After the war and the collapse of the empire the region became part of the Kingdom of Italy. New problems arose at the end of the Second World War, when most of the Istria and Venezia Giulia was under the control of the newly established Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. As a result, after the break-up of the federation of Yugoslavia and the formation of autonomous and independent states - former republics including Croatia, the status of national minorities have separate national and cultural groups, where Italians as an autochthonous national minorities enjoyed the status of the privileged minority.

Homage to Dr med. Božidar Kostić

Journal of Medical Biography ◽

10.1177/0967772020974583 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096777202097458

Author(s):

Božidar Pocevski ◽

Prim. Predrag Pocevski ◽

Lidija Horvat

Keyword(s):

Great Success ◽

World War ◽

The People ◽

The First World War ◽

Medical Faculties ◽

Medical University ◽

Independent Work ◽

The Town ◽

Second World ◽

Dr Božidar Kostić (1892–1960) – physician of noble heart – was born in Niš (Kingdom of Serbia) in a distinguished family of academically educated parents. As there were no medical faculties in Kingdom of Serbia, after high school, which he had finished with great success, in 1911 he enrolled at the Graz University of Medicine, a prestigious medical university. Soon he transferred to the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague, where he continued his studying for another ten semesters. In Prague, The Golden City, after the First World War, he finished his studies with an average grade of 10. After the Second World War, he worked as a doctor with a private medical practice in Belgrade, but soon he moved to Vranje, where he established the Town Polyclinic and contributed to the final flourishing of the most important forms of health care activities in liberated Vranje, donating his rich knowledge and skills, which led the health service to move to forms of independent work and development of new activities. For his contribution to the community, by decree of His Majesty King of Yugoslavia Alexander I Karađorđević, he received the Order of Saint Sava. Dr Božidar Kostić and his wife Pravda devoted their lives to the health and educational upbringing of the people in the south parts of Serbia (then Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia). Until his last days he lived and worked as a true folk doctor.

La fusion des communes bruxelloises

Res Publica ◽

10.21825/rp.v24i3-4.19330 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (3-4) ◽

pp. 731-741

Author(s):

Maurice-Pierre Herremans

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

Status Quo ◽

The State ◽

World War ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

The People ◽

The Status ◽

Administrative Unit ◽

French Speaking ◽

The idea of amalgamation for the Brussels municipalities is already an old one. In addition to the numerous parliamentary attempts to return to the situation of before 1795, when eight Brussels municipalities formed an administrative unit, there were also the Holvoet Report of 1936 and the establishment of the State Commissariat for the Large Agglomerations during the Second World War. In 1942, «Gross Brüssel» was created, but it was dissolved after the liberation. Except for the proposals of the Union of Cities, things remained rather quiet until the first amalgamation operation of 1971. Brussels was not involved in these amalgamation operations primarily because of the complexity of the Brussels problem over which the Flemish and the French speaking groups could not come to an agreement. The recent proposals can be placed into three categories : a complete amalgamation of the 19 municipalities into one entity, a partial amalgamation of 3 to 10 entities, the status quo. Since the amalgamation means an increase in the municipal expenses because of equalisation of the services in the sub-municipalities at a higher level, integral amalgamation of the present 19 municipalities offers no solution for the financial difficulties besetting these municipalities. In addition,this integral amalgamation solution generales negative reactions from the people of Brussel, who see in it a demand of the Flemish Movement.

National minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of the XX-XXI centuries: state and problems of research

10.53317/978-966-02-9477-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Kochan ◽

Vitalii Kotsur ◽

Lesya Kovach ◽

Yurii Nikolaets ◽

Oleg Kalakura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

The Political ◽

World War ◽

Political Processes ◽

National Minorities ◽

The First World War ◽

Second World ◽

The book presents the results of research on the experience of formation, trends, problems and current challenges of scientific knowledge about the place and role of national minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of XX – XXI centuries, namely: a) early XX century, b) during the First World War, Ukrainian revolution and state formation, c) in the interwar period, d) during the Second World War, e) in the Ukrainian SSR 1945-1990, e) in modern Ukraine. The publication is designed for researches, lectures and graduate students.

Nursing and martyrdom in new world regions and Europe during the past century - Part 3

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v14i4.340 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S.A. Pera

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

New Guinea ◽

Second World War ◽

Violent Death ◽

Past Century ◽

World War ◽

The Past ◽

World Regions ◽

The People ◽

In this last article on nursing and martyrdom, the persecution and death of nurses in Brazil, New Guinea and in Europe during the First and Second World War are described. While many nurse martyrs had the choice and opportunity to avoid their violent death by fleeing, all chose to remain with the people they served.

Folclor și istorie

Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei ◽

10.47802/amet.2015.29.03 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

Pamfil Bilțiu ◽

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Field Research ◽

Forced Labor ◽

Communist Regime ◽

World War ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

The People ◽

The First World War ◽

Second World ◽

Based on direct field research, our investigation intends to reflect the reaction and the description made by the anonymous creator, in his oral works, of various historical events, and also reflects the creator’s representations of tumultuous episodes, dramatic attempts, and outstanding life aspects that he lived and faced. In our study we treated fragments of the anonymous creations related to the First World War, which recall moments and circumstances of the slaughter outbreak and some information reflecting the historical reality. We debated then one of the most dramatic episodes linked to the Second World War - the concentration of girls to forced labor to Germany, to replace manpower ruined by men going to war. The focus is on the tragic consequences of the lives of women who lived this episode. Regarding the tumultuous events that stirred the imagination of the people, we analyzed songs depicting the tragedy lived by Aurel Vlaicu, the great Romanian aviation pioneer. Another episode full of drama, which we analyzed in our investigation is related to the floods in 1970. It reflects how were immortalized in popular creation the dramatic consequences of that event which had affected so many people. The investigation part of our research is dedicated to some dramatic aspects of the reality of life, especially the peasants’ life during the communist regime. We paid attention to the abolition of the Greek Catholic Church, with all the consequences on both believers and priests. We analyzed more extensively the suffering and humiliation brought on the peasantry by collectivization of agriculture in mountain areas, when peasants were confiscated their entire fortune. We gave proper space to the use of folklore as a means of propaganda to in support and glorification of communism.

Dr. Stanko Sielski (1891–1958): Physician, scientist, humanist

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Husref Tahirović

Keyword(s):

Concentration Camps ◽

World War ◽

Scholarly Journals ◽

The People ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

Banja Luka ◽

Second World ◽

This work presents the results of research into the life and work of Dr. Stanko Sielski, related to his professional, scientific and humanitarian work. He was born in Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) in1891, to a family of Polish origins. He attended high school in Travnik and completed his studies of medicine in Vienna in 1919. During the First World War he served on the frontlines with the Austro-Hungarian army. He began his service as a doctor in Konjic, Prozor and Glamoč, and then worked in Varcar Vakuf, Zenica, Travnik, Bihać, Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Tuzla. At that time in BH living conditions were very bad, the level of education of the people insufficient, there were many epidemics of infectious diseases, and the mortality of the population was high. Dr. Stanko Sielski made a significant contribution to treating the sick, preventing various diseases and the health education of the people. In the realm of the history of medicine in BA, he researched the life and work of doctors from previous generations, the work of medical institutions, old medical manuscripts written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, folk beliefs about the origins and treatment of a variety of illnesses, and the role of herbal medicine and amulets in treating the sick. In addition, he undertook research in the fields of archaeology, ethnology and sociology. He published the results of his research in scholarly journals. In the Second World War he saved the lives of many Jewish doctors and their families from persecution in concentration camps, and as a result in 2014 he was posthumously declared “Righteous Among the Nations”. Conclusion. Dr. Stanko Sielski, alongside his work as a doctor, was also involved in a variety of scientific research and publication work, which contributed to the preservation and a better understanding of the material and spiritual heritage of BH.

Anglican Social Ministries in East Asia

10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0019 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Y. H. Yieh

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Social Services ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Social Impact ◽

Ageing Population ◽

World War ◽

The People ◽

The First World War ◽

Economic Boom ◽

This chapter reviews exemplary social ministries of the Anglican churches in East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, in four periods of time divided by the First World War, the Second World War, and the economic boom of the 1980s. Early missionaries followed Jesus’ threefold pattern of mission to build churches, schools, and clinics, caring particularly for the poor. To release the suffering of the people caused by poverty, wars, injustice, and natural disasters, native leaders have developed proactive social services to address the new demands of life such as the ageing population, the threat posed by nuclear power, and the danger of environmental crises, which embody the Anglican five marks of mission. The theological rationale and social impact of these ministries are analysed.

Etnotopografia Nowego Sadu – o dziedzictwie narodów osiedlających się w Nowym Sadzie

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia ◽

10.14746/bp.2017.24.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 127-142

Author(s):

Tomasz Kwoka

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Second World War ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

Yugoslav Wars ◽

Novi Sad ◽

The City ◽

Second World ◽

The article is an attempt to catalogue the most interesting traces of the presence of nations which were part of the Novi Sad community throughout the ages. From the very beginning of its existence, Novi Sad was a meeting place for different ethnic and cultural groups settling down in the city. Serbs from the surrounding countryside moved to the oldest districts of Novi Sad, Podbara, Salajka, and Rotkvarija, at the beginning of the 18th century. At the same period nations from different parts of the Habsburg Empire, such as Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks and Ruthenians brought by Habsburgs to colonize Vojvodina, moved to the city. It was the time of continuous development of Novi Sad, which became an important trading and manufacturing centre, where businesses were also run by the Jews, Armenians, Aromanians (Tzintzars), and the Greeks. The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was marked by the strengthening of presence of the Hungarian community, which ended with the First World War. After the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918), the ethnic structure changed seriously with the influx of Serbs from the southern regions of the country. This trend was followed after the Second World War and most recently during the period of the so-called Yugoslav wars at the Nineties. In the meantime, under dramatic circumstances of the second World War, German and Jewish inhabitants vanished from the city.

TRACING THE ARCHIVAL SOURCES OF THE FRENCH FEATURE FILM “ANDRANIK” ABOUT THE ARMENIANS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR(1928)

History and Archives ◽

10.28995/2658-6541-2021-2-126-140 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 128-142

Author(s):

Mariyana Piskova ◽

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Past Century ◽

World War ◽

Socialist Republic ◽

Soviet Socialist Republic ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

State Archives ◽

The first and still the only film about Andranik Ozanian (1865– 1927) was shot during the summer of 1928 in Bulgaria. Who financed and created the movie, why did the director Archavir Chakhatouny (1882–1957) choose Bulgaria for the scenes in the open, why wasn’t the film shown in Soviet Armenia and how did it get to Yerevan – those are part of the questions the paper will try to answer. To that end the author searched for the archival documents in the archives and museums of Armenia and Bulgaria. The richest source is the personal fund of the Armenian emigrant in Paris Arshavir Shakhatuni (1882–1957). After his death, the documents were transferred to the Yeghishe Charents Museum of Literature and Arts in Yerevan. Among them, a special place is occupied by biographical documents, documents about theatrical roles and roles in cinema, which he performed, materials about early cinema and the history of the creation of the film “Andranik”. The National Archives of Armenia keeps the documents which detail the participation of Chakhatouny in the First World War and in the government of the First Armenian Republic (1918–1920) as the commandant and chief of police of Yerevan. The most valuable source is the film “Andranik” which was received by the State Archives of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) in 1972. During the period, the name of Andranik was banned until the end of the 80s of the 20th century. There was censorship and contradicting assessments of Andranik by Armenians and Azerbaijanis (“hero” or “enemy”) were “concealed”. For this reason, the film might have got into Armenia through the Armenian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, founded by the resolution of the Communist Party of the ASSR. The official activity of the Society was related to the cultural events abroad but in fact it was used to gather information about the political emigrants. In the Bulgarian archives one may find the archive “traces” of Chakhatouny’s performances on the Bulgarian theatrical scenes and also his correspondence with the actor Georgi Stamatov (1893–1965), that documents contain the valuable data on the history of the film creation. Thanks to the archives, the film ‘Andranik’ can be seen and the story of its creation and distribution in the past century can be reproduced.

ABCs of the Revolution

Observatory of Culture ◽

10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-3-278-291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 278-291

Author(s):

Egor A. Yesyunin

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Special Significance ◽

Development History ◽

The People ◽

Red Army ◽

History Of ◽

Second World ◽

The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.