scholarly journals Optimization of flexographic print properties on ecologically favorable paper substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Tamara Tomašegović ◽  
◽  
Jesenka Pibernik ◽  
Sanja Mahović Poljaček ◽  
Anđela Madžar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Line Width ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Colorimetric Measurements ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Line Widths

Nowadays, the attention in many industries is shifting towards the problem of waste overproduction and production of the waste in general. This study aimed to find an alternative approach to the production of packaging which will be environmentally friendly and at the same time optimal in terms of the print quality. This was accomplished by using the minimal needed amount of material for the production of packaging and adjusting the parameters of the flexographic printing process to achieve the desired visual impression of the print. The designed motive for the packaging was printed on five different recycled papers, following the guidelines of sustainable design. Printing was performed on each recycled paper with different printing pressures (50N, 150N, and 400N). Smoothness was measured on each paper; and for every printed sample, colorimetric measurements and thickness of the lines in positive and negative were measured. Print contrast for each print was calculated, and microscopy of fine printed elements was performed. All chosen papers except one had average smoothnes of up to 3.2 s (the smoothest paper had the average smootheness value of 54.72 s). Smoothness results influenced the printed line widths. Specifically, when increasing the printing pressure, a significant deformation of the line width has occured on all papers except the smoothest one (deformations of the lines printed in positive were up to 400 μm for rough papers compared to maximum of 60 μm for lines printed on the smoother paper). Similar results were obtained for the lines printed in negative. Furthermore, legibility of the printed typographic elements of 4pt size was significantly influenced by the smoothness of the paper. Elements printed on the smoothest paper have displayed the negligible deformations when changing the printing pressure. For other papers, elements in positive were optimally printed by 50 N pressure, and elements in negative by the pressure of 400 N. The results of this research have enabled the optimization of the flexographic printing process when using each of the five types of recycled papers. Furthermore, the presented qualitative and colorimetric parameters of the prints enabled the assessment of the applicability of used papers as printing substrates for ecologically favorable packaging.

scholarly journals Influence of Some Flexographic Printing Process Conditions on the Optical Density and Tonal Value Increase of Overprinted Plastic Films

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska ◽  
Maciej Rombel ◽  
Georgij Petriaszwili ◽  
Sandra Dedijer ◽  
Nemanja Kašiković
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Printing Ink

The print quality of prints performed with flexographic printing technology is influenced by various parameters such as viscosity of the printing inks, printing substrates, plates, anilox rolls, etc. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of ink viscosity, printing plate and printing base on selected properties of print quality, such as optical density of full tone area and the increase of tonal value (TVI). Additionally, the printed dots on 5, 15, 30, 50 and 75% of half tone area were investigated using digital microscopy. The least square fitting method in a matrix form was successfully used in order to confirm the influence of printing process parameters on print quality. The results obtained reveal the significant influence of the printing plate and printing substrate characteristics and the lesser influence of printing ink viscosity for 40–100% coverage area. The values of the optical densities of full tone areas are mainly influenced by the properties of the printing plate and the printing base. Furthermore, the optical density decreases when the value of flow time decreases, which is related to the lower thickness of dried ink film. The TVI on light tones (0 to 20%) is mainly influenced by the ink viscosity.

Flexographic ink-coating interactions: effects of latex variations in coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK BOHLIN ◽  
CAISA JOHANNSON ◽  
MAGNUS LESTELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angles ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Surface Optical ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Coating Formulation

The effect of coating structure variations on flexographic print quality was studied using pilot-coated paperboard samples with different latex content and latex particle sizes. Two latexes, with particle sizes of 120 nm and 160 nm, were added at either 12 parts per hundred (pph) or 18 pph to the coating formulation. The samples were printed with full tone areas at print forces of 25 N and 50 N in a laboratory flexographic printing press using a waterbased ink. A high ratio of uncovered areas (UCAs) could be detected for the samples that contained 18 pph latex printed at a print force of 25 N. UCAs decreased with increased print force and with decreased amounts of latex in the coating formulation. The fraction of latex covered area on the coating surface was estimated to be 0.35–0.40 for the 12 pph, and 0.70–0.75 for the 18 pph samples. The ink penetration depth into the coating layer could be linked to the fraction of latex-free areas on the coating surface. Optical cross section microscopy indicated that a higher printing force did not increase the depth of penetrated ink to any greater extent. Higher printing force did increase contact between plate and substrate, leading to an improved distribution of the ink. This, in turn, increased print density and decreased UCAs. On closer inspection, the UCAs could be categorized as being induced by steep topographic changes. When appearing at other locations, they were more likely to be caused by poor wetting of the surface. To understand the wetting behavior of the coating surface, observed contact angles were compared with calculated contact angles on surfaces of mixed composition.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Fluctuations in Widths of solar Euv Lines

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
R.G. Athay ◽  
O.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Line Width ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Doppler Shifts ◽  
Spatial Fluctuations ◽  
Local Sound ◽  
Line Widths ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractAnalyses of some 300 hours of time sequences of solar EUV line profiles obtained with 0S0-8 show large fluctuations in line widths. At a given location on the sun, line widths fluctuate temporally on time scales ranging from less than a minute to over an hour. At any given time, line widths fluctuate spatially on a variety of scales ranging from active region size to arc second size. Temporal and spatial fluctuations are of approximately the same amplitude. Thus, the sun can be characterized by an aggregate of small cells in each of which line widths are fluctuating in time and which have random phases with respect to each other.Spatial fluctuations in line width are correlated with large scale spatial fluctuations in brightness for some lines but not for others. Temporal fluctuations in width are sometimes correlated with either Doppler shifts or intensity fluctuations, but more often such correlations are absent.For a given line, the line width varies through an extreme range of about a factor of two. Nonthermal components of line width vary from approximately the local sound speed to a small fraction of the sound speed.

scholarly journals Molecular Line Studies of Dense Core Motions

1992 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Yuefang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Line Width ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Molecular Line ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Molecular Lines ◽  
Line Widths

Molecular lines have revealed various supporting motions in dense cores. Line widths and emission region sizes of NH3 and CS in the same kind of cores or of the same line in cores with or without sources are different and can not be explained with the line width- size relationship. Outflows in dense cores show rich characteristics which can account for the NH3 emission difference between the two kinds of the cores; CS emission is consistent with the chemical effects in shocked regions. Rotation exists in both kinds of cores and may be related to the observed polarities and collimations of outflows.

Printability Analysis of Compostable Films by Flexographic Water Based Ink

2020 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Aran Hansuebsai ◽  
Samatcha Nawakitwong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Tone Reproduction ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Printing Speed

This research analyzed the printability of compostable films commercialized in the Thai market such as PLA/PBAT and PBAT/starch; and to comply with EN 13432 standard by using flexographic water based ink. A narrow web flexographic printing press was set up and opperated. Print quality parameters such as optical density, tone reproduction, print contrast and print uniformity were investigated. Results showed that these compostable films were hydrophobic in nature, in combination with fracture and voids of substrates’ surface. Even the substrates could be printed relatively well but showed poor ink adhesion. Surface treatment, therefore, was necessary, but having limitation. Anilox line screen 700 lpi and printing speed at 30 m/min were preferable to achieve the optimum tone reproduction and print contrast. This was based on the image resolution of 133 lpi and corona dosage at 500 watt-min/m2. Images of printed samples from SEM and SPM indicated that the fracture surface and void of films could lead to decrease their printability. It was found that starch blend gave better results as being a filler of the surface roughness of the substrate..

scholarly journals Unemotional Design: An Alternative Approach to Sustainable Design

Design Issues ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Thornquist
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Extreme Character ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Consumption Activity

Conspicuous consumption of products is problematic for the development of a sustainable relationship to cultural and natural resources. Drawing on an emotional design approach, this study explores emotional conditions involved in the buying phase of socially visible products used in a typically expressive consumption activity. Through an extreme character approach, impulsive and compulsive buying is explored to expose principal and generic emotional conditions in the drive for new design products. The study demonstrates a range of primary negative emotional conditions or emotional fluctuations related to anxiety, mood, and self-esteem in the buying of appearance-related products. In conclusion, to achieve a more sustainable consumer relationship with fashion-conditioned material goods, the study reveals a need for unemotional design to acquire emotional detachment, rather than design to acquire emotional attachment.

Implementation of Wider Lane Lines to Improve Sight Distance from Opposing Left-Turn Lanes

2000 ◽  
Vol 1708 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Byrd ◽  
Patrick T. McCoy ◽  
Geza Pesti ◽  
Virendra A. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lane Line ◽  
Line Widths

Vehicles turning left at intersections from opposing left-turn lanes often restrict each other’s sight distance. Previous research has developed guidelines for offsetting opposing left-turn lanes to provide adequate sight distances. Implementation of these guidelines at existing intersections typically involves reconstructing the left-turn lanes. However, the results of the before-and-after studies presented demonstrate that increasing the width of the lane lines between left-turn lanes and the adjacent through lanes also can be used as a means of improving the sight distance between opposing left-turn lanes. Regression analysis was used to determine a relationship between lane-line width and available sight distance that can be used to design lane-line widths that provide the required sight distance for opposing left-turn vehicles.

The Study on Color Print Quality Attributes of In-Mold Roller Using Digital Inkjet Printing

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Lang Chen ◽  
Mei Chun Lo ◽  
Yun Ti Su ◽  
Yu Tung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Gravure Printing ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Potential Use

The In-Mold Roller is a revolutionary printing process by which objects are 3D decorated. The products decorated by In-Mold Roller are protected from water and fading. These kinds of decorations strongly increase the beauty, desirability and value of the objects. The In-Mold Roller is now using either of gravure printing and screen printing to print PET film. However, there are some problems with these two techniques. This research is to investigate the potential use of combining In-Mold Roller with digital inkjet printing in 3D decoration, e.g. in personalized printing services. The study results found show that digital inkjet printing to the PET film and then transfer to the ABS, the solid ink densities (SIDs) of primaries would increase. The tone values increases (TVIs) from highlight and middle (around 0~60%) were generally higher than those in shadows. The shapes and sizes of color gamut were also varied according to different kinds of digital UV inkjet printing processes. Moreover, after transferred, the color gamut became smaller.

Geometrical effects and disintegration of narrow TiSi2/poly-Si lines

1990 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Norström ◽  
K. Maex ◽  
P. Vandenabeele
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Line Widths ◽  
Geometrical Effects ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe geometrical shape and the thermal stability of the TiSi2/poly-Si interface on narrow lines has been studied. The examined line-widths varied between 0.8 μm and 1.5 μm. The thermal stability was found to strongly correlate to the actual line-width of the structures. At the onset of degradation, at and above 900°C, narrow lines were observed to disintegrate at a much faster rate than wider ones. Cross-sectional microscopy (TEM and SEM) revealed the TiSi2/poly-Si interface to be curved inwards. The interface bowing was found to be more pronounced on narrow lines. It is suggested that the interface bowing results from a mechanical pinning of the TiSi2/poly-Si interface by the side-wall spacers.

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