Assessing the readiness of the machine-building industry for the Fourth industrial revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-904
Author(s):  
Tamara N. RYZHIKOVA ◽  
Vladislav G. BOROVSKII ◽  
Zurab S. AGALAROV
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The paper explores the development of Russia's machine-building industry against the background of preconditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We examine factors, influencing the development of the industry to formulate strategic decisions and implement policies to encourage further automation and digitalization. Objectives. The aim is to scrutinize the condition of the machine-building industry and its problems, arising in the modern objective reality and in connection with the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Methods. From the perspective of the systems theory of the economy, implemented in the RAS, we analyze the main aspects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the key factors that determine the willingness of countries and enterprises to enter a new objective reality. Results. The paper considers the impact of existing factors on the industry development in the new environment and analyzes individual indicators of growth rate. It investigates the machine-building production and growth rates in Russia, worldwide, and in the European Union over the past seven years, as well as the impact of some deflators, like gross domestic product, industrial production index, fixed investment and inflation on the domestic machine-building industry development, reviews and analyzes leading enterprises. Conclusions. We present the elements of conceptual approach to a technological economic model, which contribute to strengthening the production capacity of non-resource-based industries in the Russian economy.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
I.V. Gladkykh ◽  
◽  
N.V. Lupitko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freight Wagons

The article deals with the study of the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy. The impact on industrial production and particularly on machine-building industry of Ukraine is considered. The figures of freight and passenger cars manufactured by plants of Ukraine are given. The issue of importing old-aged freight wagons to the territory of Ukraine, which caused an overbalance of life-expired wagons, was considered. This has become a huge problem at such challenging times for domestic freight wagons manufacturers. The activities aimed at bringing the current technical condition of wagons with expired service life to normative condition, reducing the risks of man-made disasters, increasing the competitiveness of rail transportation and engaging the operators of freight cars in the purchase of new freight wagons manufactured by Ukrainian producers are proposed. The paper presents the results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on railway transport. The data on the drop in railway transportation caused by the pandemic in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union, and the results of the comparative analysis are given. The volumes of the downfall in the production of freight cars and their reasons are analyzed, suggestions on the overcoming the crisis in machine building industry are defined, which will allow to resume the work of rail transport and related industries. This provides a real vision of the possible course of economic processes that will have an immediate effect on the standards of the social life. Key words: economic crisis, COVID-19, economic recession, industry, machine-building industry, railway transport, railcar-building industry, freight transportation, passenger transportation, EU railways.

The education system in the era of the fourth industrial revolution: developing skills and thinking for learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
S. Bespalyy ◽  
◽  
Ye. Ifutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact

Computer systems and technologies are changing our society significantly. These changes are interconnected with both social and production spheres. Innovative digital technologies have a huge impact on the labor market and professional activity, contributing to their transfer to the electronic environment. Using digital technologies, modern people set new goals and solve problems with an increasing speed of problem solving, capitalizing on the possibilities of collaborative distributed actions within networks. In this regard, new competencies of specialists are in demand. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the education system and the development of skills and thinking for learning. Methods: When conducting scientific research, economic and statistical methods were used. These methods were also used in comparative analysis, as well as in assessing data and indicators of the higher education system, taking into account the impact of the fourth industrial revolution. The analytical method was used to consider the characteristics and factors influencing the development of skills and thinking for learning in modern conditions. The abstract-logical method is used to identify problems affecting the development of the labor market under the influence of digital technologies. Results and their value: The result of the study is that conclusions are drawn about the upcoming changes. Automation and digitalization are likely to lead to significant unemployment in most countries, so adaptation innovation policies are needed to help offset unemployment due to digitalization. Governments need to invest heavily in higher education as an economic development tool for their citizens. Lifelong learning should be identified as a critical element of success in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Curricula should develop digital skills and address workforce disruptions due to automation.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

The Impact of Cryptocurrencies on the General Powers and Duties of South African Insolvency Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-318
Author(s):  
Sidasha Singh ◽  
Juanitta Calitz
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Insolvency Law ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
The Impact

Within the context of the fourth industrial revolution, cryptocurrencies pose several challenges in the framework of corporate insolvency law. In South African law, no statutory framework vis-à-vis cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, currently exists. This has however not prevented entities from engaging in the cryptocurrency market. The specific dilemma is that insolvency practitioners do not have legislative guidelines to assist them in dealing with the subject of cryptocurrencies. Consequently, international judicial developments must be consulted and analysed with the aim to close the gap between the legislature and Industry 4.0. This article unpacks the South African legal position on cryptocurrencies within the context of the statutory powers and duties of insolvency practitioners. It engages in an analysis of selected international courts cases that have dealt with the concept of cryptocurrencies within the context of insolvent estates and continues to make recommendations for the development of an efficient and effective regulatory model.

Digital transformation: “jobocolypse” or empowerment?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Hizir
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of digital transformation on jobs and to assess whether or not the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution will lead to mass redundancies. The piece also looks at the role human resources (HR) departments will have to play in the implementation of, and response to, digital transformation within the workplace. Design/methodology/approach This paper combines research based on media articles, a parliamentary report and wider digital transformation industry research. The author looks to explain what digital transformation is, deconstruct misconceptions around digital transformation, assess the true evidence-based impact of digital transformation on jobs and advise HR departments on the impact of digital transformation within the workplace. Findings This piece finds that there remains a considerable degree of misunderstanding and many misconceptions around digital transformation and that while digital transformation will lead to the loss of some jobs, it will also lead to the change of existing ones and creation of new ones. Furthermore, this piece finds that HR departments will play a crucial role in the implementation of digital transformation, but that they too will need to pivot and adjust to new workplace realities as a result. Originality/value Many HR departments face confusion and misconceptions around the impact of digital transformation on the workforce, and there also remains concern among many employers that technology will replace their jobs. This piece seeks to dispel the myths and paint a clearer picture to both HR departments and employees around the impact of digital transformation.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Inclusiveness, Affordability, Cultural Identity, and Ethical Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Reginald M.J. Oduor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Ethical Orientation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normative Considerations

Discussions on the impact and future directions of technology often proceed from an empirical point of view that seems to presume that the ebb and flow of technological developments is beyond the control of humankind, so that all that humanity can do is adjust to it. However, such an approach easily neglects several crucial normative considerations that could enhance the standing of individual human beings and whole communities as rational users of technology rather than its slaves. Besides, more often than not, technological products are designed in ways that neglect the needs of persons with disabilities, thereby perpetuating their exclusion from society. Consequently, this article proposes four normative considerations to guide the initiatives of African societies in their deployment of the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely, inclusiveness to meet the needs of all human beings, affordability to bridge the digital divide, respect for cultural identity to guard against cultural imperialism, and an ethical orientation as the over-arching guide to building a truly human society.

Disruptions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Idris Olayiwola Ganiyu ◽  
Ola Olusegun Oyedele ◽  
Evelyn Derera
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Robotics

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has resulted in the disruption of the world of work whereby technological innovation such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. These disruptions may be creative in that as some jobs are lost due to the development of artificial intelligence, new ones are created. This chapter explored the impact of disruptive technological innovations on the future of work. The skill gaps brought about by the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution was also explored in this chapter.

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