scholarly journals The Absence of Democracy in Aboriginal Self-Governance Policy

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Paternalistic Attitude

The protracted history of Aboriginal governance policy is ripe with frustrations among First Nations peoples and Canadian governments, the most pronounced aggravation being the federal government. Substantial resistance from Aboriginals often marks each new policy the government introduces. New policies often maintain the paternalistic attitude inherent in government initiatives, which has been very difficult for Aboriginal organizations to eradicate. Although Aboriginal governance policy is currently progressing towards a quasi-cooperative form of policy-making on both sides, this particular policy area continues to encounter significant disparities between policy actors within the Canadian government and Aboriginal organizations. Differences throughout the entire policy process hinder effective policy-making from agenda-setting/problem definition to the outcome/evaluation

scholarly journals The sources for orthodox and heterodox trade and industrial policies in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-ULRICH ROTHACHER
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Actors

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian government has over the past years promulgated a mix of orthodox and heterodox policies for Brazil's economic development. This paper seeks to test whether the existing economic ideas have been prescriptive in formulating the policies, or whether they have been the outcome of the "infusion of private interests" (Katzenstein, 1978) in the policy making process. To this end, the paper charts the origins of the unilateral opening for trade in the agribusiness and contrasts them with the policy process in the car industry, where trade barriers have been erected. The article will identify the channels through which private actors informed the government's interventions and show that the industry bodies have largely prodded the government. The resulting policy maze has left both the representatives of the orthodox as well those of the heterodox approach unsatisfied and has failed to halt Brazil's dwindling manufacturing capabilities.

Teenage Marriage in the Malay/Muslim Community of Singapore: Problems, Perceptions and Programmes

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Aisha Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
The Government

AbstractTeenage marriage within the Malay community of Singapore was thrust under the national spotlight by the government in recent years. Though identified as one of the major social challenges confronting the Malay community, there is still at present, a gross lack of research necessary for an objective understanding of the phenomenon. The adverse implications of the lacunae are reinforced by instant solutions and prescriptions aimed at eradicating the problem. Utilising data obtained from interviews and responses to a survey administered to Malay teenage married couples, this paper examines dominant perceptions of teenage marriage in Singapore and their ramifications on policies and programmes. It is hoped that this paper can contribute towards a more objective understanding of the problem so vital for effective policy making.

Don't Toss Coins in Garbage Cans: A Prologue to Policy Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Dryzek
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Level Of Difficulty

ABSTRACTThreats to effective policy-making arising from ubiquitous circumstances of complexity and uncertainty are often taken as reasons to eschew both the attacking of social problems through public policy and cogitation, such as policy analysis, in the policy process. It is suggested here that, as complexity and uncertainty increase, more cogitation is required, not less; but it is crucial that cogitation be of the appropriate sort. Greater use should be made of policy design, as opposed to methods emphasising selection among prespecified alternatives. The required design task varies with the level of difficulty – defined by complexity, uncertainty, and lack of feedback – in any case at hand. A taxonomy of levels of difficulty is developed, together with a preliminary outline of the design task required at each level.

scholarly journals "The Actor Is Policy": Application of Elite Theory to Explore Actors’ Interests and Power Underlying Maternal Health Policies in Uganda, 2000-2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Mukuru ◽  
Suzanne N. Kiwanuka ◽  
Lucy Gilson ◽  
Maylene Shung-King ◽  
Freddie Ssengooba
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Personal Interests

Background: The persistence of high maternal mortality and consistent failure in low- and middle-income countries to achieve global targets such as Millennium Development Goal five (MDG 5) is usually explained from epidemiological, interventional and health systems perspectives. The role of policy elites and their interests remains inadequately explored in this debate. This study examined elites and how their interests drove maternal health policies and actions in ways that could explain policy failure for MDG 5 in Uganda. Methods: We conducted a retrospective qualitative study of Uganda’s maternal health policies from 2000 to 2015 (MDG period). Thirty key informant interviews and 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with national policy-makers, who directly participated in the formulation of Uganda’s maternal health policies during the MDG period. We reviewed 9 National Maternal Health Policy documents. Data were analysed inductively using elite theory. Results: Maternal health policies were mainly driven by a small elite group comprised of Senior Ministry of Health (MoH) officials, some members of cabinet and health development partners (HDPs) who wielded more power than other actors. The resulting policies often appeared to be skewed towards elites’ personal political and economic interests, rather than maternal mortality reduction. For a few, however, interests aligned with reducing maternal mortality. Since complying with the government policy-making processes would have exposed elites’ personal interests, they mainly drafted policies as service standards and programme documents to bypass the formal policy process. Conclusion: Uganda’s maternal health policies were mainly influenced by the elites’ personal interests rather than by the goal of reducing maternal mortality. This was enabled by the formal guidance for policy-making which gives elites control over the policy process. Accelerating maternal mortality reduction will require re-engineering the policy process to prevent public officials from infusing policies with their interests, and enable percolation of ideas from the public and frontline.

scholarly journals Peran Langsung NGO dalam Pembuatan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia terkait Sampah Impor 2019: Studi Kasus ECOTON

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-313
Author(s):  
Yusril Ihza Ali ◽  
Maria Indira Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Waste Trade

In 2018, the world of global waste trade received a major shick that has an impact to both waste exporting countries and waste importing countries, and that was the closure of waste imports by China, which was the largest recipient country at that time through National Sword Policy. Exporting countries were forced to duvert  their waste to the recipient countries that have not implemented new policies related to the imported waste such as Indonesia. As a result, Indonesia received a significant increase imported waste and cause a negative impact on various sectors, one of which was the environment sector. This then triggered some parties who have concerns regarding environmental issue such as ECOTON to resolve this issue by pressing the government to make new policies to stop imported waste that continues to degrade the environment.the author use a qualitative-descriptive method so that the authors can explain in detail and systematically the role of ECOTON in foreign policy making by using the theory of the direct role of NGOs in foreign policy making as the basis.

Coalition Government in Northern Ireland: Social Policy and the Lowest Common Denominator Thesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Gray ◽  
Derek Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Government

In analysing governance and social policy in Northern Ireland in the period of devolution 1999–2002 Eithne McLaughlin described and predicted the dominance of a lowest common denominator approach to the formulation of social policies. This paper examines the period of restored devolution 2007–11 using this thesis. It identifies the trends in the development of social policies after 2007 and examines social policy-making by the government under five categories. Having established the reasons for this complex approach to social policy formulation, consideration is also given to the outcomes of the policy process.

scholarly journals Voice of a Leader: If you Truly Believe Children are our Future - the Future is Now!

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Christian
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Nations People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Nations People

This paper is based on a speech by Chief Wayne Christian the Co-keynote speaker for the “Gathering and Sharing Wisdom Conference” held in Victoria BC October 6th & th, 2010. He shares the history of his community, their children and how state policies, legislation and laws have affected a way of life for his people. He illustrates through narrative the importance of re-learning our cultural practices. Chief Christian begins his account by quoting a historical approach remembered by many Indigenous people in which the government policy of the day sought to “Kill the Indian in the Child.” Chief Christian noted that First Nations people have resisted this policy, but importantly, he discussed how balance can be restored today for Indian children.

Transformations in the healthcare system in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government

In April 2009, the Chinese government announced comprehensive reforms to the health system following more than a decade of piecemeal reform efforts. Popular complaints about high healthcare costs and access difficulties eventually received political attention following the government administration change of 2002 and the SARS outbreak of 2003. However, policy differences between ministries resulted in several years of vigorous and open policy debates involving domestic and international stakeholders as well as citizens who are active in expressing opinions virtually (netizens). The 2009 reforms signalled not only policy recognition of the need for a comprehensive and systemic approach if healthcare was to be transformed, but also charted new approaches to policy-making. While the current reforms are being rapidly implemented, the question arises as to whether the shifts in the policy-making process will continue into the future. Further evaluation of the policy process will require cooperation if not collaboration from the policy actors themselves.

scholarly journals The SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schmalensee ◽  
Robert N Stavins
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Wrong Reason ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Unanticipated Consequence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Two decades have passed since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 launched a grand experiment in market-based environmental policy: the SO2 cap-and-trade system. That system performed well but created four striking ironies: First, by creating this system to reduce SO2 emissions to curb acid rain, the government did the right thing for the wrong reason. Second, a substantial source of this system's cost-effectiveness was an unanticipated consequence of earlier railroad deregulation. Third, it is ironic that cap-and-trade has come to be demonized by conservative politicians in recent years, as this market-based, cost-effective policy innovation was initially championed and implemented by Republican administrations. Fourth, court decisions and subsequent regulatory responses have led to the collapse of the SO2 market, demonstrating that what the government gives, the government can take away.

New Labour's Policy Style: A Mix of Policy Approaches

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRINE P. LARSEN ◽  
PETER TAYLOR-GOOBY ◽  
JOHANNES KANANEN
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Policy Style ◽  
Policy Styles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Welfare Reforms

This article reviews the policy process behind recent welfare reforms and considers the policy styles used in a broad range of social policy areas on the basis of interviews with leading policy actors. It argues that a mix of policy-making methods is currently being used, ranging from the classic top-down approach, through the use of external commissions to a more bottom-up approach, where policy is to a large degree designed by external groups. The type of policy and the power relations between key actors and the government determine the approach. Indeed, this shows a different perception of British policy-making, as the inclusive approach contrasts sharply with the traditional directive Westminster model.

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