scholarly journals The sources for orthodox and heterodox trade and industrial policies in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-ULRICH ROTHACHER
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Actors

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian government has over the past years promulgated a mix of orthodox and heterodox policies for Brazil's economic development. This paper seeks to test whether the existing economic ideas have been prescriptive in formulating the policies, or whether they have been the outcome of the "infusion of private interests" (Katzenstein, 1978) in the policy making process. To this end, the paper charts the origins of the unilateral opening for trade in the agribusiness and contrasts them with the policy process in the car industry, where trade barriers have been erected. The article will identify the channels through which private actors informed the government's interventions and show that the industry bodies have largely prodded the government. The resulting policy maze has left both the representatives of the orthodox as well those of the heterodox approach unsatisfied and has failed to halt Brazil's dwindling manufacturing capabilities.

Failure of the semi-authoritarian system: Losing ways of absorbing public voices into the post-handover Hong Kong government

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110649
Author(s):  
Fung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Occupy Central ◽  
Public Views

In the past decade, Hong Kong has undergone various large-scale protests, such as the 2014 Occupy Central and the 2019 Anti-Extradition Protests. One of the reasons for such popular grievance was that the government could not grasp the change in public sentiment and opinion. Before the handover, although the governor held the centralized power, the colonial authorities still had ways to collect public opinions to avoid departing from the citizens’ views. The model was called the ‘administrative absorption of politics’. The Chinese authorities attempted to preserve the original advisory system to depoliticize the policy-making process after the handover. This article contributes to the understanding of the development of the cooptation system in Hong Kong and its failure in the 2010s based on the insights of legislators. It also highlights the importance of participation and salient control in the cooptation system to balance public views in a semi-authoritarian society.

Transformations in the healthcare system in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government

In April 2009, the Chinese government announced comprehensive reforms to the health system following more than a decade of piecemeal reform efforts. Popular complaints about high healthcare costs and access difficulties eventually received political attention following the government administration change of 2002 and the SARS outbreak of 2003. However, policy differences between ministries resulted in several years of vigorous and open policy debates involving domestic and international stakeholders as well as citizens who are active in expressing opinions virtually (netizens). The 2009 reforms signalled not only policy recognition of the need for a comprehensive and systemic approach if healthcare was to be transformed, but also charted new approaches to policy-making. While the current reforms are being rapidly implemented, the question arises as to whether the shifts in the policy-making process will continue into the future. Further evaluation of the policy process will require cooperation if not collaboration from the policy actors themselves.

Parliamentary Committees

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvar Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Minority Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Swedish Politics ◽  
Opposition Parties

This chapter describes the role of the Swedish parliament, and parliamentary committees in particular, in the policy-making process. The role depends on the parliamentary situation: whether there is a majority government or minority government in power. In essence, the chapter shows that Parliament mainly approves governmental bills and seldom initiates legislation. It is an arena for both political conflict and consensus. Political negotiations between governmental parties and opposition parties occur in which the opposition has influence on parliamentary decisions in the policy process. Due to increased conflict between the two blocs in Swedish politics, the importance of the committees as grounds for negotiating compromises has, however, decreased.

Google’s Private Copyright Rule-Making and Algorithmic Enforcement

Google Rules ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Joanne Elizabeth Gray
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Copyright ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Copyright Enforcement ◽  
Rule Making

This chapter evaluates Google’s approach to copyright enforcement across its own platforms. Increasingly, Google self-regulates and negotiates with rightsholders to privately devise copyright rules. Google then deploys algorithmic regulatory technologies to enforce those rules. Indeed, over the past decade, Google has developed a range of algorithmic tools it uses to deter copyright infringement, enforce copyrights, and remunerate rightsholders. These activities limit transparency and accountability in digital copyright governance and privilege private interests and values over the public interest. In a digital environment dominated by powerful private actors, the use of algorithmic regulatory systems poses a critical problem for public rights and democratic, accountable systems of governance, now and into the future.

The Rise of Multistakeholder Partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Berman
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
International System ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Public And Private Stakeholders ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Multistakeholder Partnerships

In the past two decades, multistakeholder partnerships have been on the rise. With the perceived failure of intergovernmental organizations to get things done, the international system has turned toward partnerships. Allowing for collaboration with private actors, they are increasingly seen as the governance model du jour. They're praised for being democratically legitimate, thanks to their inclusion of a range of public and private stakeholders—most notably the inclusion of developing countries and civil society that had hitherto been excluded from international policy-making processes. My comments address three topics: (1) the rise of partnerships in context, (2) the reasons for their rise, and (3) challenges.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dahlström
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Commissions Of Inquiry ◽  
Referral Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Rational Process ◽  
Over Time

This chapter introduces the section on policy-making in Sweden. It starts from the observation that, at least for outside observers, Swedish policy-making has been portrayed as a rational process. Two features of Swedish policy-making have been particularly important for the emerging of the idea of a consensual and rational process. The first, and most well known, is the corporatist policy-making style, and the second feature is the commissions of inquiry and referral systems. Two other important characteristics of the Swedish policy process concern coordination and the creation of party-political support. The chapters in this section describe these four features of the Swedish policy-making process and pay special attention to changes over time.

3. The European Policy Process in Comparative Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the European Union’s policy-making process with a comparative perspective. It outlines the stages of the policy-making process (agenda-setting, policy formation, decision-making, implementation, and policy feedback) and considers the prevailing approaches to analysing each of these stages. It also shows how these approaches apply to studying policy-making in the EU. Themes addressed in this chapter include policy-making and the policy cycle, the players in the policy process, executive politics, legislative politics, and judicial politics. The chapter argues that theories rooted in comparative politics and international relations can help elucidate the different phases of the EU’s policy process. It concludes by explaining why policy-making varies across issue areas within the EU.

THE DISABILITY POLICY MAKING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 559 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubicki ◽  
Adriana Mica ◽  
Mikołaj Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Public Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making Process

Our goal is to analyze the disability policy making process in Poland on the example of implementing the assumptions of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The key tool we use is the model of the five streams of the public policy process: problem, solutions, politics, process and program. In particular, we look at the role played by the movement of people with disabilities in this process. We claim that the weakness of the movements and the origins of activism of people with disabilities other than in Western countries makes the implementation of the Convention in Poland difficult and often ends in failure.

scholarly journals Using political science to progress public health nutrition: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Cullerton ◽  
Timothy Donnet ◽  
Amanda Lee ◽  
Danielle Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
High Income ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Policy Making Process

AbstractObjectivePoor dietary intake is the most important behavioural risk factor affecting health globally. Despite this, there has been little investment in public health nutrition policy actions. Policy process theories from the field of political science can aid understanding why policy decisions have occurred and identify how to influence ongoing or future initiatives. The present review aims to examine public health nutrition policy literature and identify whether a policy process theory has been used to analyse the process.DesignElectronic databases were searched systematically for studies examining policy making in public health nutrition in high-income, democratic countries.SettingInternational, national, state and local government jurisdictions within high-income, democratic countries.SubjectsIndividuals and organisations involved in the nutrition policy-making process.ResultsSixty-three studies met the eligibility criteria, most were conducted in the USA and a majority focused on obesity. The analysis demonstrates an accelerating trend in the number of nutrition policy papers published annually and an increase in the diversity of nutrition topics examined. The use of policy process theory was observed from 2003; however, it was utilised by only 14 % of the reviewed papers.ConclusionsThere is limited research into the nutrition policy process in high-income countries. While there has been a small increase in the use of policy process theory from 2003, an opportunity to expand its use is evident. We suggest that nutrition policy making would benefit from a pragmatic approach that ensures those trying to influence or understand the policy-making process are equipped with basic knowledge around these theories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document