Multiple Risk Behaviours and Concussions among Adolescents in Ontario

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Shore
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Pediatric Concussion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Concussion has become a significant public health concern among Canadian youth, as estimates of pediatric concussion incidence have increased from 340.5 per 100,000 in 2003 to 601.3 in 2010, and 1500 in 2013. This recent surge in concussion diagnosis has led to extensive research into the physiological mechanisms underlying traumatic brain injury, as well as sport-focused policies and return to play protocols following concussion. However, there is a paucity of research regarding social and behavioural risk factors for the development of a concussion. Multiple risk behaviours (MRB) represent a clustering of behaviours that often develop together during adolescence, such as alcohol consumption, illicit drug use and unprotected sex. These behaviours indicate an increased tendency for risk-taking, and have previously been associated with an increased risk for injury. Although the current literature describes a consistent injury risk gradient associated with increasing engagement in MRB, few studies have examined the relationship between engagement in MRB and the incidence of specific injuries. This study further investigates pediatric concussion through two research objectives. The first objective is to describe concussion prevalence, differences in prevalence by age and sex, as well as activity leading to concussion, among Canadian youth in grades 6-10. The second objective is to investigate the relationship between engagement in multiple risk behaviours and concussion within the same population. It is hypothesized that children engaging in greater risky behaviour will exhibit higher concussion prevalence. The results of this study may be used to inform behavioural interventions designed to reduce concussion in youth.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dynamic Balance and Jumping Tests among Adolescent Amateur Rugby Players. A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wilczyński ◽  
Jakub Hinca ◽  
Daniel Ślęzak ◽  
Katarzyna Zorena
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rugby Players

Rugby is a demanding contact sport. In light of research, poor balance, reduced jumping ability, muscle strength, and incorrect landing patterns might contribute to the increased risk of injury in athletes. Investigating the relationship between tests assessing these abilities might not only allow for the skillful programming of preventive training but also helps in assessing the risk of injury to athletes. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dynamic balance, vertical and horizontal jumps, and jump-landings movement patterns. Thirty-one healthy amateur adolescent rugby players (age: 14.3 ± 1.6 years, height 171.4 ± 9.7 cm, body mass 80 ± 26 kg) participated in the study. Data were collected by the Y-balance Test (YBT), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SLHD), and Landing Error Score System (LESS). Significant positive correlations were found between SLHD both legs (SLHDb) and YBT Composite both legs (COMb) (r = 0.51, p = 0.0037) and between SLHDb and CMJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). A relationship was also observed between the CMJ and YBT COMb test (r = 0.51, p = 0.006). Moderate positive correlations were found between the dominant legs in SLHD and the posterolateral (r = 0.40, p = 0.027), posteromedial (r = 0.43, p = 0.014), and composite (r = 0.48, p = 0.006) directions of the YBT. These results indicate that variables that are dependent on each other can support in the assessment of injury-risk and in enhancing sports performance of young athletes.

Subsequent Injury Risk Is Elevated Above Baseline After Return to Play: A 5-Year Prospective Study in Elite Australian Football

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2225-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan J. Stares ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Peter Peeling ◽  
Jarryd Heasman ◽  
Brent Rogalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Subsequent Injury

Background: The risk of sustaining a subsequent injury is elevated in the weeks after return to play (RTP) from an index injury. However, little is known about the magnitude, duration, and nature by which subsequent injury risk is increased. Purpose: To quantify and describe the risk of injury in a 12-week period after RTP from an index injury in Australian football players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injury data were collected from 79 players over 5 years at 1 Australian Football League club. Injuries were classified with the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System and by side of the body. Furthermore, injury severity was classified as time loss (resulting in ≥1 matches being missed) or non–time loss (no matches missed). Subsequent injury was categorized with the SIC-2.0 model and applied to the data set via an automated script. The probability of a time loss subsequent injury was calculated for in-season index injuries for each week of a 12-week period after RTP via a mixed effect logistic regression model. Results: Subsequent injury risk was found to be highest in the week of RTP for both time loss injuries (9.4%) and non–time loss injuries (6.9%). Risk decreased with each week survived after RTP; however, it did not return to baseline risk of participation (3.6%). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that athletes returning to play are at an increased risk of injury for a number of weeks, thus indicating the requirement for tertiary prevention strategies to ensure that they survive this period.

Abstract P148: Effect of Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension on Cardiovascular Disease Events and Modification by Sex

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Nelson ◽  
Longjian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increase In Risk

Apparent treatment resistant hypertension (ATRH) is an important health concern in the U.S. affecting approximately 9% of all hypertensive adults and growing. However, long-term prognosis of those with ATRH remains to be fully investigated, especially with regard to the presence of differences by sex. Using data from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) we examined the relationship between ATRH and CVD and effect modification by sex. Subjects in ALLHAT were 55 years or older (N male = 13,597 and N female = 11,919) and were randomized to one of four antihypertensive medications for the purposes of the trial. We used Cox Proportional Hazard models and tested for interaction of sex through use of a multiplicative interaction term, stratified analyses, the Aalen Additive Hazards model, and joint effects. Missing blood pressure readings were imputed using multiple imputation as a sensitivity analysis. Due to the design of ALLHAT, ATRH was assessed at the year 2 follow-up visit and subjects were then followed for an additional 6 years (average follow-up 4.7 years) during this time there were 5,030 CVD events. Overall (N=25,516), ATRH was associated with an approximate 30% increased risk of CVD (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19 – 1.42) compared to those without ATRH. This risk was greater in women than in men (p interaction <.0001). In women, ATRH was associated with an approximate 62% increase in risk of CVD (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.41 – 1.86) while in men, ATRH was associated with an approximate 13% increase in risk of CVD (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.27). Sex was also a modifier of the relationship on the additive scale (p-value 0.003). ATRH is associated with an increased risk of developing CVD and women with ATRH were at a greater risk of developing CVD compared to men. These findings provide important insights into the complex relationship between ATRH and cardiovascular health, and suggest that women, in particular, may be a high-risk subgroup. Thus future studies should examine these differences to aid in development of targeted treatment and interventions which would have a significant public health benefit.

scholarly journals Is Consumption of Fruit Juice Associated with an Increased Risk of Overweight or Obesity in Canadian School Age Children?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan L. Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Obesity rates in Canada have tripled in the last three decades. Up to 32% of 5-17-year-olds in Canada are overweight (20%) or obese (12%). Excess weight in childhood has been linked to health issues that are major public health concern. For children, fruit juice is an important proportion of their daily fruit and vegetable servings. However, little is known about the association of fruit juice consumption and obesity. Objective: To investigate the association of consumption of fruit juice and the risk of overweight or obesity in 12 to 17 year-olds in Canada.Methods: Using the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2011-1012) we examined the association of fruit juice consumption and the risk of overweight or obesity in Canadian youth, while controlling sex, household income, healthy diet, and physical activity.Results: After adjusting for relevant confounders, consumption of more than one fruit juice a day remained associated with a lower odds of overweight or obesity. Even though the 95% CI for all the daily fruit juice consumption categories examined in the adjusted model included ‘1’, fruit juice consumption was associated with a reduction in the odds of being overweight or obese between 16% and 27%.Conclusion: We found a moderate negative association of daily consumption of fruit juice and overweight or obesity in Canadian youth. However, before any dietary recommendation on this age group of children are established, more research is needed to clarify the role of sex and healthy diet in this association.

scholarly journals A-05 Self-Reported Symptomatology in Athletes with Autism Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-601
Author(s):  
R Bennett ◽  
K Horne ◽  
A Datoc ◽  
B McDonald ◽  
L Lashley
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between athletes with and without Autism diagnosis and self-reported symptoms as measured by ImPACT. Method Participants were selected from an archival de-identified sports medicine ImPACT database. The sample (N = 232) was primarily male (72.4%) student athletes with a mean age of 15.41 years (SD = 1.292). Participants were divided into two groups: Autism diagnosis (n = 130); No diagnosis (n = 102). An independent samples t-test was conducted to analyze the variation of self-reported symptoms between athletes with and without an Autism diagnosis. Results The independent samples t-test revealed significant differences between diagnostic groups and self-reported cognitive (t = 5.832, p &lt; .001, d = .72); sleep (t = 4.040, p &lt; .001, d = .51); vestibular somatic (t = 4.154, p &lt; .001, d = .53); and affective symptomatology (t = 3.988, p &lt; .001, d = .51). Athletes with a diagnosis of Autism reported more symptoms overall in comparison to athletes without a diagnosis. Conclusions These findings suggest that prior psychological diagnoses play a significant role in symptom scores; however, the degree to which these symptoms can be attributed to the diagnosis itself or the concussion is unknown. It should be noted that individuals who have been diagnosed with Autism may already be at an increased risk of sleep difficulties, emotional regulation, and sensory stimulation within the environment. Therefore, differentiating the symptom scores from preexisting symptoms of Autism from a concussion can be beneficial when helping athletes return to play.

scholarly journals Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Recorded Occupational Injury Rates among Sugarcane Harvesters in Southwest Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8195
Author(s):  
Miranda Dally ◽  
Jaime Butler-Dawson ◽  
Cecilia J. Sorensen ◽  
Mike Van Dyke ◽  
Katherine A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

As global temperatures continue to rise it is imperative to understand the adverse effects this will pose to workers laboring outdoors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between increases in wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and risk of occupational injury or dehydration among agricultural workers. We used data collected by an agribusiness in Southwest Guatemala over the course of four harvest seasons and Poisson generalized linear modelling for this analysis. Our analyses suggest a 3% increase in recorded injury risk with each degree increase in daily average WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: −6%, 14%). Additionally, these data suggest that the relationship between WBGT and injury risk is non-linear with an additional 4% acceleration in risk for every degree increase in WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: 0%, 8%). No relationship was found between daily average WBGT and risk of dehydration. Our results indicate that agricultural workers are at an increased risk of occupational injury in humid and hot environments and that businesses need to plan and adapt to increasing global temperatures by implementing and evaluating effective occupational safety and health programs to protect the health, safety, and well-being of their workers.

Oxidative Stress Levels, JAK2V617F Mutational Status and Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2822-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Moisa ◽  
Mihnea Alexandru Gaman ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Amelia Maria Gaman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The Relationship

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression induces a growth advantage to JAK2V617F-positive clones and, in association with a higher number of immature platelets, leukocytosis, and additional cardiovascular risk factors, leads to an increased risk for thrombotic events. We evaluated oxidative stress by measuring ROS levels and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 62 ET patients and investigated the relationship between oxidative stress, JAK2V617F mutational status and the development of thrombotic events. We found higher oxidative stress levels in JAK2V617F-positive vs. JAK2V617F-negative ET cases with no significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Increased ROS levels and thrombotic events were more frequent in ET patients with old age at diagnosis, higher haematocrit levels or leukocytosis.

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Adams ◽  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
E. H. Hare ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

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