scholarly journals The Impact of Feeding Factors on Holstein Dairy Farms Costs in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Fatos Krasniqi ◽  
Muhamet Kamberi ◽  
Enkelejda Emiri-Sallaku ◽  
Ragip Kastrati ◽  
Myqerem Tafaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

One-year investigation is carried out aimed at evaluating all incomes and costs with a specific focus on the impact of feeding factors in 12 Holstein dairy farms (in total 284 cows) in Kosovo. The cost of on-farm produced feeds; the price of purchased feeds and the price of milk were used for the analysis. All costs created during this period are duly registered and considered in the analysis. Economic analysis showed that prices of on-farm produced feed were much lower (30 €/ton for silages and for hay). Average daily feed cost was 2.33 €/cow/day, while milk income was only 4.9 €/d. Individual feed groups contributed to total milk cost as follows: silages with 0.04 €/kg, dry roughages with 0.02 €/kg, and concentrates with 0.10 €/kg, while all other factors taken 0.13 €/kg of milk price. This study showed that feed was the largest farm expense making 68% of total farm costs.

MODELING COST OF TREATMENT WITH NEW TOPICAL TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Kobelt ◽  
Linus Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
New Agents ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Diagnosis ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Several new topical agents have been introduced recently and it can be expected that the treatment of glaucoma will change, depending on how effectively these agents control intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP is considered the major risk factor in the development of glaucomatous damage. In order to estimate the impact of these new agents on the cost of treating glaucoma, a simulation model was created to estimate the cost of treating patients with a recent diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in different countries. The Markov model is based on retrospective chart reviews in different countries and calculates only cost, not outcome. Results are presented for France and the United Kingdom, where current treatment appeared to be comparable. Average one-year costs per patient with current treatment were FF2,389 (US $389) and £380 (US $627), respectively. Costs with the new treatments were lower than with current therapy.

Environmental and economic analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryer: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Pushpendra Singh ◽  
M.K. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Zero hunger is one of the goals out of 17 sustainable development goal set by United Nations for 2030. As the population is growing at a rapid rate so the demand of food will also increase. Solar dryers are considered as the sustainable solutions for conserving the food for longer duration. The enviro-economic analysis becomes necessary to check the impact of developed dryer on environment and its economic viability. This review article focuses on the environmental and economic analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryers. The dryers although operates using the solar energy but still in case of hybrid dryers some other devices are also used which emits CO2 and other non-environmental friendly gases during their use or disposal. The impact of a solar dryer on the environment is very low but still, it is necessary to check the impact. The economy is another factor that is kept in mind while developing the dryers. It is observed that the cost of dryer and its impact on environment increases with the increase in floor area of dryer. The hybrid dryers are usually costly due to use of various additional devices but gives better performance than passive and active dryers. The payback time of hybrid dryers are almost same as active dryers that is about 1-2 years, thus hybrid dryers can be developed commercially to get more profit. The parameters which are considered during environmental and economic analysis are discussed in the paper. The paper presents a way to carry out the environmental and economic analysis of hybrid dryers.

The impact of BRD: the current dairy experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Guterbock
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Age Range ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe primary source of data on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) prevalence in US adult dairy cattle is producer surveys, which estimate that 2.4–2.9% of cattle are affected. This estimate appears low when compared to calculations based on limited data regarding on-farm deaths due to BRD and the number of carcasses at slaughter with severe BRD. These calculations indicate that approximately 3% of dairy cows die on farm or go to slaughter with severe BRD. Not included in these data are cows that are treated for BRD and retained. The primary manifestation of BRD on dairy farms is in calves. Nationwide surveys have estimated that 12.4–16.4% of preweaned dairy heifer calves are affected with BRD, and 5.9–11% of calves are affected after weaning. More detailed prevalence studies have generally included a limited number of small farms, with limited calf age range studied. All studies relied on producer diagnosis. Prevalence in these studies ranged from 0 to 52%, with many cases occurring before weaning, and with BRD being associated with increased calf death rates. BRD affects heifer growth. It appears to have a small effect on age at first calving, and some studies have shown small effects on performance and herd life after calving. First lactation performance of heifers depends on many factors that can obscure the effects of calfhood BRD.

scholarly journals Does the impact of IFRS on audit fees differ between early and late adopters?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Konadu Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine whether the impact of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) on audit fees differs between early and late adopters. Design/methodology/approach The authors use robust econometric estimation on a sample of 314 firms from both early and late IFRS adopting countries. Findings The authors find that IFRS is positively and significantly associated with an increase in audit fees for early adopters, but the impact is very weak for late adopters and insignificant in some cases. The results on auditing time suggest that increase in audit fees around IFRS adoption is due to an increase in audit reporting lags. After accounting for pre- and post-years, the authors find that the relationship between IFRS and audit fees, as well as audit time for late adopters, is significant only in the adoption year. However, early adopters experience a significant increase in audit fees and audit time in the transition year to one-year post-adoption. Practical implications The findings imply that countries that are yet to adopt IFRS are less likely to experience a significant increase in audit fees audit time. Hence, is probable that the benefit of IFRS will outweigh the cost. Originality/value The results, therefore, suggest that early adopters paid a premium for been the first users of IFRS, which is consistent with any innovation. The study provides new insights by demonstrating that the consequences of IFRS differ between early and late adopters.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Kamrupa Compared to Local Chicken Production in Assam under Backyard System of Rearing

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Ashim Kr. Saikia ◽  
G. Gogoi ◽  
M. Neog
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Aims: The programme was undertaken to study the economic analysis of Kamrupa and local chicken in Dhemaji district of Assam under backyard system of rearing. Study Design: The data on various expenses and returns thus collected were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis as per the methods described by [1].    Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sissiborgaon, Dhemaji and Jonai development blocks of Dhemaji district during the period January, 2018 to July, 2019 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhemaji. Methodology: For the purpose thirty numbers of farmwomen from three different development blocks, thus a total of ninety numbers of farmwomen, of Dhemaji district were selected on the basis of their early experience in keeping local poultry along with Kamrupa chicken at backyard system. Items of cost included fixed cost e.g. land and building, equipments and variable costs e.g. cost of day-old chick, cost of feed, vaccine, medicine, labour, depreciation in poultry shed and miscellaneous cost. Return items included eggs, cocks and spent hens. Results: The cost of labour accounted for 72.44 percent of the total cost of production of Kamrupa chicken followed by feed cost (9.79%), chick cost (7.21%) and depreciation of poultry house (6.44%) up to 18 months of age. The total cost of production up to 72 weeks of age was found to be higher in Kamrupa (Rs. 3,882.48) than its local counterpart (Rs. 3,512.48). The maximum amount of income was contributed by selling of eggs (46.60%) followed by sale of cocks (26.76%) and sale of spent hens (26.64) in case of local chicken. The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio in Kamrupa and local chicken were recorded as 2.64 and 2.14, respectively, in the present study. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that the small scale Kamrupa rearing is a profitable venture for farmwomen in the state of Assam.

scholarly journals Stochastic simulation of the cost of home-produced feeds for ruminant livestock systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FINNERAN ◽  
P. CROSSON ◽  
P. O'KIELY ◽  
L. SHALLOO ◽  
D. FORRISTAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Input Price ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Cost Variability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ruminant Livestock

SUMMARYAn agro-economic simulation model was developed to facilitate comparison of the impact of management, market and biological factors on the cost of providing ruminant livestock with feed grown on the farm (home produced feed). Unpredictable year-to-year variation in crop yields and input prices were identified as quantifiable measures of risk affecting feed cost. Stochastic analysis was used to study the impact of yield and input price risk on the variability of feed cost for eight feeds grown in Ireland over a 10-year period. Intensively grazed perennial ryegrass was found to be the lowest cost feed in the current analysis (mean cost €74/1000 Unité Fourragère Viande (UFV)). Yield risk was identified as the greatest single factor affecting feed cost variability. At mean prices and yields, purchased rolled barley was found to be 3% less costly than home-produced spring-sown barley. However, home-produced spring barley was marginally less risky than purchased barley (coefficient of variation (CV) 0·063 v. 0·064). Feed crops incurring the greatest proportion of fixed costs and area-dependent variable costs, including bunker grass silage, were the most sensitive to yield fluctuations. The most energy input-intensive feed crops, such as grass silage, both baled and bunker ensiled, were deemed most susceptible to input price fluctuations. Maize silage was the most risky feed crop (CV 0·195), with potential to be both the cheapest and the most expensive conserved feed.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Input-Price Inflation on Farm Income

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Leroy Quance ◽  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Input Price ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

A 1964 survey of 500 wheat producers in Oklahoma and Kansas revealed that the cost-price squeeze is most commonly viewed by farmers as the major cause of chronically low farm income.The cost side of the squeeze is widely attributed to the wage-price spiral caused by cycles of wage and input price increases negotiated between labor unions and imperfectly competitive firms, and to rising taxes and interest rates.

The impact of agri-environment schemes on farm productivity: a DID-matching approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Mennig ◽  
Johannes Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Contract Design ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Matching Estimator ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Conditions

Abstract According to WTO standards, agri-environmental schemes (AES) payments should distort neither trade nor production but instead only compensate for income forgone and costs incurred. At the same time, contract design shall give farmers enough flexibility to react to changing market and production conditions. We apply a difference-in-difference propensity score matching estimator to test if AES have an unintended effect on farm productivity. Our results suggest that schemes designed for arable land overcompensate farmers and thus do fail to comply with WTO rules. For dairy farms, we find that AES participation reduces farm productivity, implying that action-based scheme design not considering changing market and production situations might be too restrictive, potentially preventing farmers from participating.

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