scholarly journals Urban transport: analysis of commute energy use

2015 ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Osório ◽  
N. McCullen ◽  
I. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Analysis

scholarly journals Effectiveness of urban transport modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Pomykala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Fuel Costs

Social expectations in terms of improving the conditions of life in cities whilst increase of mobility poses a difficult challenge for urban transport organizers. At the same time, conditions related to sustainable development policies with scarce resources and available reserves focus attention on transport optimization and reduction of environment harmful impacts. The paper presents an assessment of the efficiency of urban transport in terms of capacity, energy use, CO2 emissions and costs, based on data on European medium cities in traffic conditions - peak (congestion) and off-peak traffic (no congestion). Compared were road vehicles: cars and buses of different propulsion, motorcycles and also rail vehicles: metro, tram/light rail and trains/heavy rail. The results are presented in tables or in graphs. The comparisons make it possible to identify the most efficient, in various scenarios, transport modes and may be helpful in deciding on issues related to the provision and organization of urban transport. In this article, cost evaluation omits external costs (although CO2 emissions are taken into account) but includes fixed and variable costs associated with the use of vehicles (including fuel costs, maintenance, inspections, depreciation, insurance).In the preparation of the article information available in literature, publication and reports, particularly of the European Commission one was used.

scholarly journals Chronological Transition of Relationship between Intracity Lifecycle Transport Energy Efficiency and Population Density

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoki Kosai ◽  
Muku Yuasa ◽  
Eiji Yamasue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Electricity Mix ◽  
The Relationship

Interests in evaluating lifecycle energy use in urban transport have been growing as a research topic. Various studies have evaluated the relationship between the intracity transport energy use and population density and commonly identified its negative correlation. However, a diachronic transition in an individual city has yet to be fully analyzed. As such, this study employed transport energy intensity widely used for evaluating transport energy efficiency and obtained the transport energy intensity for each transportation means including walk, bicycle, automobile (conventional vehicles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles), bus and electric train by considering the lifecycle energy consumption. Then, the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity of 38 cities in Japan in 1987–2015 was computed, assuming that the cause of diachronic transition of intracity transport energy efficiency is the modal shifting and electricity mix change. As a result, the greater level of population density was associated with the lower intracity transport energy intensity in Japanese cities. The negative slope of its regression line increased over time since the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity in cities with low population density continuously increased without any significant change of population density. Finally, this study discussed the strategic implications particularly in regional areas to improve the intracity lifecycle transport energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Urban Transport and Eco-Urbanism: A Global Comparative Study of Cities with a Special Focus on Five Larger Swedish Urban Regions

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Usa

Urban transport is critical in shaping the form and function of cities, particularly the level of automobile dependence and sustainability. This paper presents a detailed study of the urban transport eco-urbanism characteristics of the Stockholm, Malmö, Göteborg, Linköping, and Helsingborg urban regions in southern Sweden. It compares these cities to those in the USA, Australia, Canada, and two large wealthy Asian cities (Singapore and Hong Kong). It finds that while density is critical in determining many features of eco-urbanism, especially mobility patterns and particularly how much public transport, walking, and cycling are used, Swedish cities maintain healthy levels of all these more sustainable modes and only moderate levels of car use, while having less than half the density of other European cities. Swedish settlement patterns and urban transport policies mean they also enjoy, globally, the lowest level of transport emissions and transport deaths per capita and similar levels of energy use in private passenger transport as other European cities, and a fraction of that used in lower density North American and Australian cities. Swedish urban public transport systems are generally well provided for and form an integral part of the way their cities function, considering their lower densities. Their use of walking and cycling is high, though not as high as in other European cities and together with public transport cater for nearly 50% of the total daily trip making, compared to auto-dependent regions with between about 75% and 85% car trips. The paper explores these and other patterns in some detail. It provides a clear depiction of the strengths and weaknesses of Swedish cities in urban transport, some key policy directions to improve them and posits possible explanations for some of the atypical patterns observed.

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT ANALYSIS ZONES IN URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Georgievich LEVASHEV
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Transportation Modeling ◽  
Transport Analysis

The work is devoted to the urban transportation planning, transportation modeling and problems of collecting the necessary input data. The principles of Transportation Analysis Zone forming are developed, taking into account the special urban trips generators. Techniques of the input data for Transportation Analysis Zone using modern GIS technology are described. The classification of Transportation Analysis Zone is presented.

scholarly journals Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. 6283-6288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Creutzig ◽  
Giovanni Baiocchi ◽  
Robert Bierkandt ◽  
Peter-Paul Pichler ◽  
Karen C. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Urban Energy Use ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Transport Energy Use

The aggregate potential for urban mitigation of global climate change is insufficiently understood. Our analysis, using a dataset of 274 cities representing all city sizes and regions worldwide, demonstrates that economic activity, transport costs, geographic factors, and urban form explain 37% of urban direct energy use and 88% of urban transport energy use. If current trends in urban expansion continue, urban energy use will increase more than threefold, from 240 EJ in 2005 to 730 EJ in 2050. Our model shows that urban planning and transport policies can limit the future increase in urban energy use to 540 EJ in 2050 and contribute to mitigating climate change. However, effective policies for reducing urban greenhouse gas emissions differ with city type. The results show that, for affluent and mature cities, higher gasoline prices combined with compact urban form can result in savings in both residential and transport energy use. In contrast, for developing-country cities with emerging or nascent infrastructures, compact urban form, and transport planning can encourage higher population densities and subsequently avoid lock-in of high carbon emission patterns for travel. The results underscore a significant potential urbanization wedge for reducing energy use in rapidly urbanizing Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

scholarly journals Exploring the Energy Saving Potential in Private, Public and Non-Motorized Transport for Ten Swedish Cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Kenworthy ◽  
Helena Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Transport Energy Use

Transport energy conservation research in urban transport systems dates back principally to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries’ (OPEC) “Arab Oil Embargo” (1973–1974) and the Iranian revolution (1979), when global oil supplies became threatened and costs rose steeply. Two subsequent Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003) highlighted the dangerous geo-political dimensions of Middle-Eastern oil. In latter times, the urgency to reduce global CO2 output to avoid catastrophic climate change has achieved great prominence. How to reduce passenger transport energy use therefore remains an important goal, which this paper pursues in ten Swedish cities, based on five scenarios: (1) increasing the relatively low public transport (PT) seat occupancy in each Swedish city to average European levels (buses 35%, light rail 48%, metro 60% and suburban rail 35%); (2) doubling existing PT seat occupancy in each Swedish city; (3) increasing existing car occupancy in each Swedish city by 10%; (4) decreasing existing energy use per car vehicle kilometer by 15%; (5) increasing existing modal split for daily trips by non-motorized modes to 50% in each city. A sixth “best-case scenario” is also explored by simultaneously combining scenarios 2 to 5. The data used in the paper come from systematic empirical research on each of the ten Swedish cities. When applied individually, scenario 2 is the most successful for reducing passenger transport energy use, scenarios 1 and 4 are next in magnitude and produce approximately equal energy savings, followed by scenario 5, with scenario 3 being the least successful. The best-case, combined scenario could save 1183 million liters of gasoline equivalent in the ten cities, representing almost a 60% saving over their existing 2015 total private passenger transport energy use and equivalent to the combined 2015 total annual private transport energy use of Stockholm, Malmö and Jönköping. Such findings also have important positive implications for the de-carbonization of cities. The policy implications of these findings and the strategies for increasing public transport, walking and cycling, boosting car occupancy and decreasing vehicular fuel consumption in Swedish cities are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document