scholarly journals Chronological Transition of Relationship between Intracity Lifecycle Transport Energy Efficiency and Population Density

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoki Kosai ◽  
Muku Yuasa ◽  
Eiji Yamasue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Electricity Mix ◽  
The Relationship

Interests in evaluating lifecycle energy use in urban transport have been growing as a research topic. Various studies have evaluated the relationship between the intracity transport energy use and population density and commonly identified its negative correlation. However, a diachronic transition in an individual city has yet to be fully analyzed. As such, this study employed transport energy intensity widely used for evaluating transport energy efficiency and obtained the transport energy intensity for each transportation means including walk, bicycle, automobile (conventional vehicles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles), bus and electric train by considering the lifecycle energy consumption. Then, the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity of 38 cities in Japan in 1987–2015 was computed, assuming that the cause of diachronic transition of intracity transport energy efficiency is the modal shifting and electricity mix change. As a result, the greater level of population density was associated with the lower intracity transport energy intensity in Japanese cities. The negative slope of its regression line increased over time since the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity in cities with low population density continuously increased without any significant change of population density. Finally, this study discussed the strategic implications particularly in regional areas to improve the intracity lifecycle transport energy efficiency.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AT PRESENT TIME

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
M. Gnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Quality Of Life Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the relationship between energy consumption and GDP level has been analysed. The energy efficiency of European countries at present time based on the energy intensity of GDP and the quality of life index of the population has been explored. The efficiency level of the primary energy use through methods of system analysis and statistical calculations is determined. The relationship between the efficiency of the energy resources consumption by European states and the level of their economic development has been established. The presence of a significant imbalance in the energy intensity of GDP between European countries, namely between the economy in transition countries and developed countries of Europe has a much higher level of GDP per capita is revealed. The reason for this is that developed states of Europe have a more developed energy infrastructure in comparison with the former Soviet states. The energy-intensive and relatively powerful industrial sector consumes only a quarter of the energy resources consumed by EU countries due to its energy efficiency. Post-Soviet countries, although they consume less energy per capita, spend much more energy for own production of goods and services due to outdated transport infrastructure, poor green and renewable energy sources developing and transport, which significantly exceeds carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions to the environment, therefore needs more fuel compared to transportation of developed European countries. The consistent patterns of primary energy consumption and its use by European states are revealed. Trends of reducing energy use and energy efficiency in the European countries have been analysed and considered. Energy efficiency of European countries through the quality of life index of the population, which takes into account the purchasing power index, the subsistence minimum, environmental pollution, the climate component, housing prices relative to the income of the population, time spent in traffic jams is analysed.

Impact of urbanization on per capita energy use and emissions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Haldar ◽  
Gautam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of urbanization on per capita energy consumption and emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach The present study analyses the effects of urbanization on energy consumption patterns by using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology in India. Time series data from the period of 1960 to 2015 has been considered for the analysis. Variables including Population, GDP per capita, Energy intensity, share of industry in GDP, share of Services in GDP, total energy use and urbanization from World Bank data sources have been used for investigating the relationship between urbanization, affluence and energy use. Findings Energy demand is positively related to affluence (economic growth). Further the results of the analysis also suggest that, as urbanization, GDP and population are bound to increase in the future, consequently resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions caused by increased energy demand and consumption. Thus, reducing the energy intensity is key to energy security and lower carbon dioxide emissions for India. Research limitations/implications The study will have important policy implications for India’s energy sector transition toward non- conventional, clean energy sources in the wake of growing share of its population residing in urban spaces. Originality/value There are limited number of studies considering the impacts of population density on per capita energy use. So this study also contributes methodologically by establishing per capita energy use as a function of population density and technology (i.e. growth rates of industrial and service sector).

Research on Energy Efficiency and Environmental Pollution in China: a Simultaneous Equations Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Nan Dong ◽  
Yu Duo Lu ◽  
Jiao Jiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examined the relationship between the energy efficiency and the environmental pollution. By using the data of energy intensity and economic loss caused by environmental pollution (ELP) in China from 1989-2009, a simultaneous equations was developed. The result of two-stage OLS estimation suggested that the energy had exerted positive influences on the decreasing of the environmental pollutions. By enhancing the energy efficiency and adjusting the industrial structure and energy consumption structure, China is exploring a road for sustainable development in the energy conservation.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CT<sub>d</sub>), shallow conservation tillage (CT<sub>s</sub>) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. The input rates of fertiliser, chemical plant protection, and seeds were set constant across years; whereas measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage treatments. NT required a considerably lower energy input than MP and CT<sub>d</sub> as no fuel is needed for tillage and just slightly more fuel for additional spraying of glyphosate. Anyhow, the energy efficiency parameters did not differ between tillage treatments, as theses parameters were mainly determined by energy output, which was considerably higher than the energy input. However, year effects on the energy efficiency were observed for both crops. Nitrogen fertilisation and diesel fuel consumption were identified as the most energy-intensive inputs. Consequently, the energy input for sugar beet was higher than that for soybean, which was identified as a low-input crop. But sugar beet attained a more than 4 times higher net-energy output, a 2.5 times higher energy use efficiency, and an energy intensity for yield production of less than 3 times those of soybean.  

scholarly journals ISLAMIC FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY INTENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Jalil Ibrahim ◽  
Nasim S. Shirazi ◽  
Amin Mohseni-Cheraghlou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Banking Development ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between financial development and energy intensity is yet firmly established as the literature is emerging, and the few empirical studies that have been done provide conflicting results. Whereas some conclude a U-shaped relationship between financial development and energy intensity, others show a linear relationship between the two variables.  This study investigates the relationship between financial development and energy intensity by focusing on the role of Islamic financial development. The study covers 30 countries where Islamic banks are present.  Using the  fixed-effects panel model, the empirical results suggest that Islamic banking development significantly increases energy intensity in the sample countries. We also identify other important factors that increase energy intensity.  These include carbon emissions, renewable energy use and energy imports. The findings point to the importance of designing policies to incentivize Islamic banks and Shari'ah-compliant investors to finance clean energy technologies as a potent tool for reducing energy intensity, achieving sustainable development, and greening Islamic finance.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Comparison between Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Using a Multi-Dimensional Techno-Economic Assessment Diagram: Concept and Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Takuya Hara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Gasoline Price ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a visualization methodology, in the form of a multi-dimensional techno-economic assessment diagram, to comprehensively illustrate the relationship between assumptions (sets of input parameters) and results (corresponding output variables). This methodology is applied to analyze the lifecycle costs and CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles (HVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). This paper then develops an eight-dimensional interactive diagram showing the relative advantages of HVs or EVs in the input space consisting of the following parameters: HV fuel efficiency; EV energy efficiency, total mileage travelled gasoline price, electricity price, battery price, gasoline CO2 intensity, and electricity CO2 intensity. This methodology provides a map illustrating the comprehensive relationship between the inputs and outputs in the model used, where specific scenarios (specific sets of inputs and their outputs) are represented by points plotted on the map. This methodology can be used in systematic comparisons of electric vehicles and related uncertainty analyses.

scholarly journals Drivers of Declining Energy Intensity all over the World: Based on the Perspective of National Industrial Production

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Sun Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Improving the world's aggregate energy efficiency is consequential for global sustainable development. This paper evaluated the world's aggregate energy intensity reduction along with economic growth and industrial transformationusing the panel data of all countries around the world from 1971 to 2016. The overall energy intensity of the world was decomposed into activity mix and national intensity based on LMDI approach, and we found that the latter was the main driving force for the reduction of the world's overall energy intensity. We further analyzed the relationship between energy prices, technological progress, and national intensity. The results showed that technological progress and energy prices significantly decreased national intensity, with significant regional differences, however, no significant impact appeared in a price-declining period. To reduce energy intensity, localized measures in different supra-national regions are needed.

An Empirical Analysis on Guangdong’s FDI, Energy Intensity and Industrialization

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Xin Lin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reducing Energy

Energy is the base of modern industrial economy. Basing on the data of cities and industries in Guangdong from 2000 to 2013, this paper analyzes the relationship of energy intensity, FDI and industrialization by regression model. The results show that the industrialization levels of the cities in Guangdong are in accordance with their energy consumption and economic conditions, and Guangdong should focus on the development of “win-win” industries which both increasing industrial output and reducing energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Dependence between Energy Demand Indicators in Buildings Based on Variants for Improving Energy Efficiency in a School Building

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Marta Skiba ◽  
Natalia Rzeszowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
School Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract One of the five far-reaching goals of the European Union is climate change and sustainable energy use. The first step in the implementation of this task is to reduce energy demand in buildings to a minimum by 2021, and in the case of public buildings by 2019. This article analyses the possibility of improving energy efficiency in public buildings, the relationship between particular indicators of the demand for usable energy (UE), final energy (FE) and primary energy (PE) in buildings and the impact of these indicators on the assessment of energy efficiency in public buildings, based on 5 variants of extensive thermal renovation of a school building. The analysis of the abovementioned variants confirms that the thermal renovation of merely the outer envelope of the building is insufficient and requires the use of additional energy sources, for example RES. Moreover, each indicator of energy demand in the building plays a key role in assessing the energy efficiency of the building. For this reason it is important to analyze each of them individually, as well as the dependencies between them.

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