scholarly journals Vocabulary Alignment for Collaborative Agents: a Study with Real-World Multilingual How-to Instructions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Chocron ◽  
Paolo Pareti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Real World ◽  
Heterogeneous Agents ◽  
External Resource ◽  
Open Environments

Collaboration between heterogeneous agents typically requires the ability to communicate meaningfully. This can be challenging in open environments where participants may use different languages. Previous work proposed a technique to infer alignments between different vocabularies that uses only information about the tasks  being executed, without any external resource. Until now, this approach has only been evaluated with artificially created data. We adapt this technique to protocols written by humans in natural language, which we extract from instructional webpages. In doing so, we show how to take into account challenges that arise when working with natural language labels.The quality of the alignments obtained with our technique is evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in enabling successful collaborations, using a translation dictionary as a baseline. We show how our technique outperforms the dictionary when used to interact.

Using Natural Language Processing to Measure and Improve Quality of Diabetes Care: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110008
Author(s):  
Alexander Turchin ◽  
Luisa F. Florez Builes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Quality Of Diabetes Care

Background: Real-world evidence research plays an increasingly important role in diabetes care. However, a large fraction of real-world data are “locked” in narrative format. Natural language processing (NLP) technology offers a solution for analysis of narrative electronic data. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies of NLP technology focused on diabetes. Articles published prior to June 2020 were included. Results: We included 38 studies in the analysis. The majority (24; 63.2%) described only development of NLP tools; the remainder used NLP tools to conduct clinical research. A large fraction (17; 44.7%) of studies focused on identification of patients with diabetes; the rest covered a broad range of subjects that included hypoglycemia, lifestyle counseling, diabetic kidney disease, insulin therapy and others. The mean F1 score for all studies where it was available was 0.882. It tended to be lower (0.817) in studies of more linguistically complex concepts. Seven studies reported findings with potential implications for improving delivery of diabetes care. Conclusion: Research in NLP technology to study diabetes is growing quickly, although challenges (e.g. in analysis of more linguistically complex concepts) remain. Its potential to deliver evidence on treatment and improving quality of diabetes care is demonstrated by a number of studies. Further growth in this area would be aided by deeper collaboration between developers and end-users of natural language processing tools as well as by broader sharing of the tools themselves and related resources.

1243-P: Novel Use of Natural Language Processing to Identify Reasons for Insulin Discontinuation in Patients with T2DM: A Real-World Evidence Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1243-P
Author(s):  
JIANMIN WU ◽  
FRITHA J. MORRISON ◽  
ZHENXIANG ZHAO ◽  
XUANYAO HE ◽  
MARIA SHUBINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real World Evidence

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

Impact of Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Location on Quality of Life in Adult Patients in a Real-world Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-948
Author(s):  
Peter Lio ◽  
Andreas Wollenberg ◽  
Jacob Thyssen ◽  
Evangeline Pierce ◽  
Maria Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Lesion Location

scholarly journals National Trends in Emergency Department Care Processes for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 2005 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Pendyal ◽  
Craig Rothenberg ◽  
Jean E. Scofi ◽  
Harlan M. Krumholz ◽  
Basmah Safdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Real World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
Ed Visits

Background Despite investments to improve quality of emergency care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), few studies have described national, real‐world trends in AMI care in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to describe trends in the epidemiology and quality of AMI care in US EDs over a recent 11‐year period, from 2005 to 2015. Methods and Results We conducted an observational study of ED visits for AMI using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative probability sample of US EDs. AMI visits were classified as ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI. Outcomes included annual incidence of AMI, median ED length of stay, ED disposition type, and ED administration of evidence‐based medications. Annual ED visits for AMI decreased from 1 493 145 in 2005 to 581 924 in 2015. Estimated yearly incidence of ED visits for STEMI decreased from 1 402 768 to 315 813. The proportion of STEMI sent for immediate, same‐hospital catheterization increased from 12% to 37%. Among patients with STEMI sent directly for catheterization, median ED length of stay decreased from 62 to 37 minutes. ED administration of antithrombotic and nonaspirin antiplatelet agents rose for STEMI (23%–31% and 10%–27%, respectively). Conclusions National, real‐world trends in the epidemiology of AMI in the ED parallel those of clinical registries, with decreases in AMI incidence and STEMI proportion. ED care processes for STEMI mirror evolving guidelines that favor high‐intensity antiplatelet therapy, early invasive strategies, and regionalization of care.

scholarly journals The Parkinson’s Real-World Impact Assessment (PRISM) Study: A European Survey of the Burden of Parkinson’s Disease in Patients and their Carers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tolosa ◽  
Georg Ebersbach ◽  
Joaquim J. Ferreira ◽  
Olivier Rascol ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Background: A greater understanding of the everyday experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their carers may help improve clinical practice. Objective: The Parkinson’s Real-world Impact assesSMent (PRISM) study evaluated medication use, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of healthcare resources by people with PD and their carers. Methods: PRISM is an observational cross-sectional study, in which people with PD and their carers completed an online survey using structured questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Data were collected from 861 people with PD (mean age, 65.0 years; mean disease duration, 7.7 years) and 256 carers from six European countries. People with PD reported a large number of different co-morbidities, non-motor symptoms (mean NMSQuest score, 12.8), and impaired HRQoL (median PDQ-39 summary score, 29.1). Forty-five percent of people with PD reported at least one impulse control behaviour. Treatment patterns varied considerably between different European countries. Levodopa was taken in the last 12 months by 85.9% of participants, and as monotherapy by 21.8% . Carers, who were mostly female (64.8%) and the partner/spouse of the person with PD (82.1%), reported mild to moderate burden (mean ZBI total score, 26.6). Conclusions: The PRISM study sheds light on the lives of people with PD and those who care for them, re-emphasising the many challenges they face in everyday life. The study also provides insights into the current treatment of PD in Europe.

scholarly journals A comparative study of teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate within the Swedish MS Registry

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110196
Author(s):  
Jan Hillert ◽  
Jon A Tsai ◽  
Mona Nouhi ◽  
Anna Glaser ◽  
Tim Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Persistence ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are first-line disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis with similar labels that are used in comparable populations. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and persistence of teriflunomide and DMF in a Swedish real-world setting. Methods: All relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in the Swedish MS registry initiating teriflunomide or DMF were included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was treatment persistence. Propensity score matching was used to adjust comparisons for baseline confounders. Results: A total of 353 teriflunomide patients were successfully matched to 353 DMF. There was no difference in the rate of overall treatment discontinuation by treatment group across the entire observation period (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–1.39; p = 0.277; reference = teriflunomide). Annualised relapse rate (ARR) was comparable ( p = 0.237) between DMF (0.07; 95% CI = 0.05–0.10) and teriflunomide (0.09; 95% CI = 0.07–0.12). There was no difference in time to first on-treatment relapse (HR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.50–1.21), disability progression (HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.27–1.12) or confirmed improvement (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.57–2.36). Conclusion: This population-based real-world study reports similarities in treatment persistence, clinical effectiveness and quality of life outcomes between teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate.

scholarly journals Transforming Cultural Ideas of Aging and Disability to Improve Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
Anne Ordway
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Real World ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Full Participation

Abstract Aging and disability are normative processes that extend across the lifespan. However, ageism and ableism are incorporated into many of our practices, programs, and policies—devaluing the lives of older adults and people aging with disabilities and ultimately preventing their full participation in society. Ageism and ableism are closely connected. For example, both systems identify impairment as an individual and social liability. As recent studies have demonstrated, this has real world implications for the quantity and quality of health care requested, delivered, and received by both older adults and people with disabilities. In this session, we discuss the connections between these two forms of oppression and present recent work by researchers in both fields and the FrameWorks Institute that shows how to transform our cultural ideas of aging and disability and development more inclusive policies and services. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Lifelong Disabilities Interest Group.

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