scholarly journals Two-Sided Matching Meets Fair Division

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Freeman ◽  
Evi Micha ◽  
Nisarg Shah
Keyword(s):  
Fair Division ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
New Model ◽  
Special Case

We introduce a new model for two-sided matching which allows us to borrow popular fairness notions from the fair division literature such as envy-freeness up to one good and maximin share guarantee. In our model, each agent is matched to multiple agents on the other side over whom she has additive preferences. We demand fairness for each side separately, giving rise to notions such as double envy-freeness up to one match (DEF1) and double maximin share guarantee (DMMS). We show that (a slight strengthening of) DEF1 cannot always be achieved, but in the special case where both sides have identical preferences, the round-robin algorithm with a carefully designed agent ordering achieves it. In contrast, DMMS cannot be achieved even when both sides have identical preferences.

Getting Over Athens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Wiater
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the ambivalent image of Classical Athens in Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ Roman Antiquities. This image reflects a deep-seated ambiguity of Dionysius’ Classicist ideology: on the one hand, there is no question for Dionysius that Athenocentric Hellenicity failed, and that the Roman empire has superseded Athens’ role once and for all as the political and cultural centre of the oikoumene. On the other, Dionysius accepted Rome’s supremacy as legitimate partly because he believed (and wanted his readers to believe) her to be the legitimate heir of Classical Athens and Classical Athenian civic ideology. As a result, Dionysius develops a new model of Hellenicity for Roman Greeks loyal to the new political and cultural centre of Rome. This new model of Greek identity incorporates and builds on Classical Athenian ideals, institutions, and culture, but also supersedes them.

scholarly journals Truthful fair division without free disposal

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Bei ◽  
Guangda Huzhang ◽  
Warut Suksompong
Keyword(s):  
Fair Division ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Free Disposal ◽  
Cake Cutting ◽  
Strategic Agents ◽  
Additional Constraints

Abstract We study the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous resource, commonly known as cake cutting and chore division, in the presence of strategic agents. While a number of results in this setting have been established in previous works, they rely crucially on the free disposal assumption, meaning that the mechanism is allowed to throw away part of the resource at no cost. In the present work, we remove this assumption and focus on mechanisms that always allocate the entire resource. We exhibit a truthful and envy-free mechanism for cake cutting and chore division for two agents with piecewise uniform valuations, and we complement our result by showing that such a mechanism does not exist when certain additional constraints are imposed on the mechanisms. Moreover, we provide bounds on the efficiency of mechanisms satisfying various properties, and give truthful mechanisms for multiple agents with restricted classes of valuations.

scholarly journals NHPP Software Reliability Model with Inflection Factor of the Fault Detection Rate Considering the Uncertainty of Software Operating Environments and Predictive Analysis

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song ◽  
Chang ◽  
Pham
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Software Reliability ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Software Failures ◽  
Software Failure ◽  
Software Reliability Model ◽  
Operating Environments

The non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) software has a crucial role in computer systems. Furthermore, the software is used in various environments. It was developed and tested in a controlled environment, while real-world operating environments may be different. Accordingly, the uncertainty of the operating environment must be considered. Moreover, predicting software failures is commonly an important part of study, not only for software developers, but also for companies and research institutes. Software reliability model can measure and predict the number of software failures, software failure intervals, software reliability, and failure rates. In this paper, we propose a new model with an inflection factor of the fault detection rate function, considering the uncertainty of operating environments and analyzing how the predicted value of the proposed new model is different than the other models. We compare the proposed model with several existing NHPP software reliability models using real software failure datasets based on ten criteria. The results show that the proposed new model has significantly better goodness-of-fit and predictability than the other models.

scholarly journals The game of Double-Silver on intervals

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Measure Zero ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parameter Plane ◽  
Left Endpoint ◽  
Relative Placement ◽  
Special Case

Silverman's game on intervals was analyzed in a special case by Evans, and later more extensively by Heuer and Leopold-Wildburger, who found that optimal strategies exist (and gave them) quite generally when the intervals have no endpoints in common. They exist in about half the parameter plane when the intervals have a left endpoint or a right endpoint, but not both, in common, and (as Evans had earlier found) exist only on a set of measure zero in this plane if the intervals are identical. The game of Double-Silver, where each player has its own threshold and penalty, is examined. There are several combinations of conditions on relative placement of the intervals, the thresholds and penalties under which optimal strategies exist and are found. The indications are that in the other cases no optimal strategies exist.

Silent Victims Revisited: The Special Case of Domestic Violence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-513
Author(s):  
Barry Zuckerman ◽  
Marilyn Augustyn ◽  
Betsy McAlister Groves ◽  
Steven Parker
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Witness Violence ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Special Case ◽  
At Home

In a commentary published previously, we communicated our concern regarding the plight of children who witness violence.1 Research suggests that children who witness violence suffer significant psychologic and behavioral problems that interfere with their ability to function in school, at home, and with peers. The primary focus of that commentary was children who witnessed community violence. Our ongoing clinical experience, heightened by media attention on domestic violence, including the O.J. Simpson case, leads us to revisit silent victims with a sole focus on those children who witness domestic violence. Domestic violence is a particularly devastating event for a child who, in the presence of danger, typically turns to a parent for protection and for whom there is no comfort or security if one parent is the perpetrator of violence, and the other is a terrified victim.

Existence of Periodic Solution for Equation of Motion of Simple Beams With Harmonically Variable Length

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Esmailzadeh ◽  
Gholamreza Nakhaie-Jazar ◽  
Bahman Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Vibrating String ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Special Case

Abstract The transverse vibrating motion of a simple beam with one end fixed while driven harmonically along its axial direction from the other end is investigated. For a special case of zero value for the rigidity of the beam, the system reduces to that of a vibrating string with the corresponding equation of its motion. The sufficient condition for the periodic solution of the beam is then derived by means of the Green’s function and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. The criteria for the stability of the system is well defined and the condition for which the performance of the beam behaves as a nonlinear function is stated.

Cycles in symbol production? A new model to explain concentration, diversity and innovation in the music industry

Popular Music ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
New Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

With the publication of the article ‘Cycles in symbol production’ (Peterson and Berger 1975) a discussion started concerning the advantages and disadvantages of the production of cultural goods under market conditions. The analysis by Peterson and Berger showed a negative correlation between concentration in the recording industry, on the one hand, and the diversity and innovativeness of the music, on the other. Repetition of the analysis using data from the 1980s (Burnett 1990; Lopes 1992) has shown that for this period Peterson and Berger's hypotheses should be rejected. Is there a connection between concentration and diversity and innovation? Are there cycles in symbol production? There seems to be no conclusive answer. In this article, I will attempt to clear up this matter. First, I will repeat the analysis of the relation between concentration and diversity/innovation, using the same model as Peterson and Berger, but with different definitions for the variables concentration, diversity and innovation. Then I will suggest a new model, which can be helpful in uncovering other factors influencing diversity and innovation in the music industry. I will come to that later. Let me first give the reader a brief overview of previous research.

scholarly journals Can you reach for the planets or grasp at the stars? – Modified noun, verb, or preposition constituents in idiom processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Smolka ◽  
Carsten Eulitz
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Idiom Comprehension ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Idiomatic Phrase ◽  
Idiom Processing ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning ◽  
Control Sentence

Idioms are a special case of multi-word expressions in that their meaning cannot be compositionally constructed from the meaning of the single constituents. The question of how the idiomatic meaning is assembled remains an unsettled issue in psycholinguistic research. The present study examines whether the figurative meaning of an idiom is recognized if critical idiomatic constituents, such as the noun, verb, or preposition, are modified. In three paraphrase experiments, participants saw (a) the canonical idiomatic phrase (e.g., She reached for the stars), (b) the idiomatic phrase with a modified constituent (e.g., She reached/grasped for/at the stars/planets), or (c) a matched literal control sentence (e.g., She reached for the sweets) and rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) - 7 (completely) how strongly the sentence reflected the meaning of a paraphrase of the idiom (e.g., She has always aspired to unattainable goals). Sentence type and constituent type strongly affected paraphrase ratings with highest ratings for canonical idiomatic phrases, lowest ratings for control sentences, and ratings in between for idioms with modified constituents. Further, idioms with modified verbs were rated higher in matching the figurative meaning than idioms with modified prepositions or nouns. Overall these findings indicate that the figurative meaning was assembled in spite of the modifications. We conclude that idioms are not fully ‘semantically fixed’ but allow for some flexibility in the processing of idioms. Modified constituents that activate meanings similar to those of the canonical constituents will co-activate the figurative meaning of the idiom together with the other idiomatic constituents. We discuss psycholinguistic models on idiom comprehension.

scholarly journals Filosofía de la responsabilidad social empresarial

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enterprise Strategy ◽  
Enterprise System ◽  
Present Value ◽  
New Model ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
Social Pact ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
El Sistema

Abstract. The company has prioritized like objective the satisfaction of the owner, by means of the maximization of the present value of the company and the exclusive obtaining of utilities; approach that has left to the margin the other groups that have interest in the company, calls stakeholders: workers, clients, suppliers, community, government, citizenship and environment. The presentsocial problems and the deterioration of the environment, demonstrate the failure of the traditional enterprise model, reason why it sets out to change of approach: an enterprise philosophy of social responsibility that considers the interests of all the participants in the enterprise system, with the identification and practice of basic values and other complementary ones, compatibles with social aims, that are included in the enterprise strategy and its daily actions. This new model of management based on values could be made specific by means of a social pact laid out by the companies, constituting itself in roll of the employers one that would contribute to the solution of many problems of the society.Key words: Aims, company, enterprise social responsibility, philosophy, stakeholders, strategy, valuesResumen. La empresa ha priorizado como objetivo la satisfacción del dueño, mediante la maximización del valor actual de la empresa y la exclusiva obtención de utilidades; paradigma que ha dejado al margen los demás grupos que tienen interés en la empresa, llamados stakeholders: trabajadores, clientes, proveedores, comunidad, gobierno, ciudadanía y medio ambiente. Los problemas sociales actuales y el deterioro del medio ambiente, evidencian elfracaso del modelo tradicional, por lo que se propone cambiar de enfoque: una filosofía empresarial de responsabilidad social que tenga en cuenta los intereses de todos los participantes en el sistema empresarial, con la identificación y práctica de unos valores básicos y otros complementarios, congruentes con unos fines sociales, que se incluyan en la estrategia y en sus acciones cotidianas. Este nuevo modelo de gestión basado en valores se podría concretar mediante un pacto social jalonado por las empresas, constituyéndose en el rol del empresariado que contribuiría a la solución de muchos problemas de la sociedad.Palabras Claves. Accionistas, empresa, estrategia, filosofía, metas, responsabilidad social empresarial, valores

scholarly journals Optical axes of catadioptric systems including visual, Purkinje and other nonvisual systems of a heterocentric astigmatic eye

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Optical Axes ◽  
Catadioptric Systems ◽  
Reflecting Surfaces ◽  
Special Case

For a dioptric system with elements which may be heterocentric and astigmatic an optical axis has been defined to be a straight line along which a ray both enters and emerges from the system.  Previous work shows that the dioptric system may or may not have an optical axis and that, if it does have one, then that optical axis may or may not be unique.  Formulae were derived for the locations of any optical axes.  The purpose of this paper is to extend those results to allow for reflecting surfaces in the system in addition to refracting elements.  Thus the paper locates any optical axes in catadioptric systems (including dioptric systems as a special case).  The reflecting surfaces may be astigmatic and decentred or tilted.  The theory is illustrated by means of numerical examples.  The locations of the optical axes are calculated for seven optical systems associated with a particular heterocentric astigmatic model eye.  The optical systems are the visual system, the four Purkinje systems and two other nonvisual systems of the eye.  The Purkinje systems each have an infinity of optical axes whereas the other nonvisual systems, and the visual system, each have a unique optical axis. (S Afr Optom 2010 69(3) 152-160)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document