Object Coreference in German: The Reflexive sich as a Problem for Derivational Approaches to Binding

Despite Grewendorf’s well-known German binding data with the double-object verb zeigen ‘show’, where one object reflexively binds the other and which suggests that the direct object (DO) is generated higher than the indirect object (IO), this paper argues for the canonical surface order of IO > DO as base order. We highlight the exceptional status of Grewendorf’s examples, build on scope facts as well as a quantitative acceptability rating study, and exploit the fact that zeigen can also be used as inherently reflexive with idiomatic meaning. Appealing to the base configuration of the pieces of idiomatic expressions and considering different Spell-Out possibilities of coreferential objects in German, we show that the case, number, and gender underspecification of the anaphor sich poses a previously unnoticed problem for derivational approaches to binding.

CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF ANGER IN ENGLISH IDIOMS. AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE EXTENDED CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY

The article combines the approach to idiom classification according to Langlotz (2006) and the recently suggested analytical framework for figurative language analysis known under the name of the Extended Conceptual Metaphorical Theory (Kovecses 2020). The aim of the article is to identify some of the conceptual pathways of ANGER idioms in English. The analysis of 37 idioms for expressing ANGER revealed that both metaphorical (e.g. go through/hit the root) and metonymic (e.g. make someone's hackles rise) motivations play a crucial role in the transparency of the idiomatic meaning. It was also concluded that three image schemas in particular play a crucial role in metaphorical idioms for expressing the concept of ANGER in English: ACTIVITY IS MOTIO N, INTENSITY OF ACTIVITY IS HEAT and ANGER IS HEAT. However, contrary to the HEAT element, which is particularly salient in linguistic metaphors for expressing ANGER (e.g. kindle the wrath), it is the MOTION element which plays the crucial role in the conceptualizations of ANGER in idioms in English (e.g. go through/hit the roof, flip the lid, fly off the handle).

La gènesi dels somatismes: accions humanes fossilitzades

Somatic idioms – those including a part of the body – have been traditionally studied from a synchronic perspective, yielding different explanations for their semantic value. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the diachronic origin of idiomatic meaning, by illustrating the process of phraseologization from a historical, usage-based perspective. As the first step, we will reflect on the general nature of phraseological meaning, and then on the semantic particularities of somatic idioms. Secondly, we will carryout a corpus-based diachronic analysis of the Catalan idiom tapar-se el nas (to hold one’s nose) within the framework of the Invited Inference Theory of Semantic Change. The different stages of the process will be exemplified and discussed. As a result, a new notion of somatic idioms as frozen human actions will be presented.

Errors made by students of Iraqi college level in the area of phrasal verbs

The present study aims at finding out the difference in the number of errors made by the students at the college level in relation to the use of idiomatic and literal phrasal verbs. To achieve this aim, a test of 30 items has been conducted to a sample of 150 students at college of Education, English department, University of Diyala. After analyzing the data statistically, it has been found out that the number of errors committed in the recognition part is nearly similar to that of the production one and the students have committed more errors in the use of the phrasal verbs that have idiomatic meaning.

ANALISIS IDIOMATIK PADA NOVEL DUA BARISTA KARYA NAJHATY SHARMA

Researchers limit the problems analyzed about the type of idiomatic and the meaning of the idiomatic. In this study, it is stated that there are two types of idiomaotic meanings, namely full idiom and partial idiom. This study aims to analyze idiomatic forms and types of idiomatic Indonesian. There are two types of idiomatic contained in the novel Dua Barista because Najhati Sharma in 2020, namely partial idiomatic and full idiomatic. This type of research is qualitative using data analysis methods. Therefore, the researcher took the title "The idiomatic meaning of the novel Dua Barista by Najhay Sharma". Data analysis used by using reading techniques and recording the novel Dua Barista by Najhaty Sharma. The results of this study indicate that there are full idiom types and partial idioms in the novel Dua Barista karaya Najhaty Sharma. Full idioms were found as many as eleven partial idioms and eleven full idioms, namely, nesting disease, night pekantnya, toil, khodimah, simple huts, rumors, shining like the full moon, my body is thin like the letter alif, the bridge of the nose, thousands of feet of prayer . From the data analysis, it was found that eleven full idioms and eleven partial idioms were found. So the conclusion of this study is about idiomatic analysis, which discusses idiomatic types and idiomatic meanings contained in the novel Dua Barista by Najhaty Sharma in 2020.

Arabic-7 Metonymy Examples in Al-Arbaeen Al-Navaviyah

Many books have been compiled in collection of forty traditions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), however the forty Hadiths collected by Imam Navavi are distinguished by the qualities of those traditions as they include the requirements of the Muslim religious affairs. Scholars have describe them as they are the pillars of Islam. They have become so famous that the commentators wrote deeply in their explanations, so much so they derived from them Jurisprudence rules, so we wanted to study rhetorically specially stating examples of Metonymy. We selected the topic of our research article: “the Metonymy examples in Al-Arbaeen Al-Navaviyah”. Firstly: life of Imam Navavi; his name is Yahya bin Sahraf. He was called in his era Abu Zakriya and it is his nickname. He never married till some considered him among the bachelor scholars, so that they may not be deprived of seeking knowledge. Secondly: Introduction of his book and reasons of his compiling the book. He has mentioned in it forty Hadiths. He wanted such a book which is sufficient for a Muslim who depends on its essential teachings, acts upon them and enters the Paradise. Following the literal and idiomatic meaning of Metonymy, we have explained Metonymy with examples from the book. There are actually two main types of Metonymy found in the mentioned book, namely: Metonymy as meaning Al-Mukanna Enhu Kinds of Metonymy All these types are explained with examples taken from the book Arbaeen Al Navaviyah. In the end there are the primary and secondary sources of the research

Phrasal Learning Is a Horse Apiece: No Recognition Memory Advantages for Idioms in L1 and L2 Adult Learners

Native (L1) and to some extent non-native (L2) speakers have shown processing advantages for idioms compared to novel literal phrases, and there is limited evidence that this advantage also extends to memory in L1 children. This study investigated whether these advantages generalize to recognition memory in adults. It employed a learning paradigm to test whether there is a recognition memory advantage for idioms compared to literal phrases in adult L1 and L2 learners considering both form and meaning recognition. Additionally, we asked whether the presence of unfamiliar vocabulary interferes with phrasal learning by looking at recall of such unfamiliar words. When encountering new idioms, L2 learners often must cope with both figurative meaning and unfamiliar vocabulary. While single word meaning need not interfere with idiomatic meaning, it is a building block for the meaning of literal phrases. In Experiment 1, L2 learners showed equal recall for the form and meaning of literal and idiomatic phrases in which either all words were highly familiar, or one word was unfamiliar. However, unfamiliar words decreased overall recognition and were also remembered significantly better in literal compared to idiomatic phrases. In Experiment 2, L1 speakers also showed no recall differences between phrase types, but they displayed a trending increase in recognition in the presence of unfamiliar words. We conclude that there is no inherent recognition memory advantage for idioms based on figurativeness alone, and word- and phrasal meaning interact differently in learner groups.

KATA MAJEMUK BAHASA BAKUMPAI DI KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA (BAKUMPAI LANGUAGE COMPOUND WORDS IN BARITO KUALA REGENCY)

Bakumpai Language Compound Words in Barito Kuala Regency. This study aims to describe and explain the features, forms, and meanings of compound words in the Bakumpai language in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The study of the characteristics, form and meaning of the Bakumpai compound words is based on several theories and research that have been done before. This linguistic research uses descriptive qualitative methods with interview, recording, documentation, and introspection techniques. The qualitative data presented in the spoken form is a number of compound words in the form of Bakumpai compound words. Research on the Bakumpai compound words obtained empirical data related to the characteristics, form, and meaning of the Bakumpai compound words in Barito Kuala Regency. Compound words in the Bakumpai language have morphological and syntactic characteristics that can be seen from the number of word components, compound words with inseparable components, compound words with noninterchangeable word components, compound words with repetitive form word components, compound words with word components affixed forms, compound words with bound word components, and compound words with certain word components. Bakumpai compound words have recognizable forms based on the form of word components in the form of free and bound forms, components based on certain categories or types of words, exocentric and endocentric compound word construction, and the function of word components in syntactic valence as S, P O, and Description. The meaning of compound words in the Bakumpai language can be divided into compound words which have grammatical, idiomatic meaning, the meaning of synonymous words, and the meaning seen from certain word components. Key words: compound words, Bakumpai language, morphological Abstrak Kata Majemuk Bahasa Bakumpai di Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan tentang ciri, bentuk, dan makna kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai di Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Kajian mengenai ciri, bentuk, dan makna kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai didasarkan pada beberapa teori dan penelitian yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian kebahasaan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, perekaman, dokumentasi, dan instropeksi. Data kualitatif yang disajikan dalam bentuk lisan adalah sejumlah gabungan kata yang berupa kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai. Penelitian mengenai kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai memperoleh data empiris yang berkaitan dengan ciri, bentuk, dan makna kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai di Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai memiliki ciri morfologis dan ciri sintaksis yang dapat dilihat dari jumlah komponen kata, kata majemuk dengan komponen yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, kata majemuk dengan komponen kata yang tidak dapat dipertukarkan, kata majemuk dengan komponen kata bentuk perulangan, kata majemuk dengan komponen kata bentuk berimbuhan, kata majemuk dengan komponen kata bentuk terikat, dan kata majemuk dengan komponen kata tertentu. Kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai memiliki bentuk yang dapat dikenali berdasarkan bentuk komponen kata yang berupa bentuk bebas dan terikat, komponennya yang didasarkan pada kategori atau jenis kata tertentu, konstruksi kata majemuk yang eksosentris dan endosentris, dan fungsi komponen kata dalam valensi sintaksis sebagai S,P,O, dan Keterangan. Makna kata majemuk bahasa Bakumpai dapat dibedakan menjadi kata majemuk bermakna gramatikal, idiomatikal, makna kata bersinonim, dan makna dilihat dari komponen kata tertentu. Kata-kata kunci: kata majemuk, bahasa Bakumpai, morfologis

Zakat Management and Economic Sustainability

The chapter is an attempt to correlate the subject of zakat as an Islamic duty with sustainable development in all aspects such as economic, social, and other types of sustainability. The chapter deals with a set of interrelated topics to form an integrated knowledge theme on the subject of zakat. Clear distinctions are provided between the idiomatic meaning of zakat and other terms that suggest that it is similar. These terms include zakat, charity, donations, taxes, and other terms. The explanations in this chapter are addressed based on the categories of Islamic law. The information contained in this chapter has been documented according to the principles of Sharia as well as the scientific sources that have approved in the Sharia databases. The chapter also dealt with the latest experiences and practical practices of zakat and its management, represented by the smart and advanced experience in the UAE. It is worth mentioning that the UAE experience has integrated the latest smart and electronic methods in the management of zakat funds.