EVALUATION STRUCTURE ON PREFERENCE OF PAINTING’S APPEARANCE WITH LOW REFLECTANCE IN THE MUSEUM LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maeda ◽  
Y. Oe ◽  
N. Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Luminance Ratio ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Path Diagram ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the evaluation structure of the preference for the visibility of paintings, taking into account the characteristics of paintings with low reflectance. Although illuminance is used in the standards for museum lighting (CIE 157:2004), it is desirable to design lighting that also considers luminance from the viewpoint of perceived brightness. Therefore, we conducted the subjective experiment of oil paintings in which luminance ratio was set as an experimental variable and examined the evaluation structure of paintings with low reflectance. As a result, it was found that the evaluation of black details affects the preference for the visibility of paintings with low reflectance. However, the path diagram of the evaluation structure applied to each painting was different, indicating that it is difficult to represent the characteristics of a painting only by the mean reflectance.

scholarly journals Modeling and estimating the subjects’ diversity of opinions in video quality assessment: a neural network based approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lohic Fotio Tiotsop ◽  
Tomas Mizdos ◽  
Miroslav Uhrina ◽  
Marcus Barkowsky ◽  
Peter Pocta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Video Quality Assessment ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
Video Quality Metrics ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Subjective experiments are considered the most reliable way to assess the perceived visual quality. However, observers’ opinions are characterized by large diversity: in fact, even the same observer is often not able to exactly repeat his first opinion when rating again a given stimulus. This makes the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) alone, in many cases, not sufficient to get accurate information about the perceived visual quality. To this aim, it is important to have a measure characterizing to what extent the observed or predicted MOS value is reliable and stable. For instance, the Standard deviation of the Opinions of the Subjects (SOS) could be considered as a measure of reliability when evaluating the quality subjectively. However, we are not aware of the existence of models or algorithms that allow to objectively predict how much diversity would be observed in subjects’ opinions in terms of SOS. In this work we observe, on the basis of a statistical analysis made on several subjective experiments, that the disagreement between the quality as measured by means of different objective video quality metrics (VQMs) can provide information on the diversity of the observers’ ratings on a given processed video sequence (PVS). In light of this observation we: i) propose and validate a model for the SOS observed in a subjective experiment; ii) design and train Neural Networks (NNs) that predict the average diversity that would be observed among the subjects’ ratings for a PVS starting from a set of VQMs values computed on such a PVS; iii) give insights into how the same NN based approach can be used to identify potential anomalies in the data collected in subjective experiments.

QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT ON SPACIOUSNESS OF INTERIOR SPACE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Miyake ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
H. Yamaguchi ◽  
N. Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
Visible Volume ◽  
Combined Data

Spaciousness is an important quality of space which is affected by both the volume of space and the lighting environment. This study’s aim is to create the calculation model to quantify the effect of lighting environment on spaciousness. 3D luminance mapping, which is the combined data of luminance of surface and its distance to the observer, is used for the analysis of lighting environment, because we hypothesized that the three-dimensional localization of light affects the spaciousness. From the result of a subjective experiment to evaluate spaciousness with different lighting environment, it is revealed that spaciousness can be quantified from average luminance and “Dark-part-reduced visible volume” which is the reduced visible volume according to the distribution of dark pixels in the 3D luminance mapping. We also compared average illuminance of whole image and of ceiling, walls, floor, and concluded that the whole average illuminance best describes the effect.

Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Stars ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Filter Photometry ◽  
The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

A one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lecar
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Phase Space Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Phase Space ◽  
The Mean

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

On nearly-commensurable periods in the restricted problem of three bodies, with calculations of the long-period variations in the interior 2:1 case

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Message
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Numerical Integrations ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
The Mean

An analytical discussion of that case of motion in the restricted problem, in which the mean motions of the infinitesimal, and smaller-massed, bodies about the larger one are nearly in the ratio of two small integers displays the existence of a series of periodic solutions which, for commensurabilities of the typep+ 1:p, includes solutions of Poincaré'sdeuxième sortewhen the commensurability is very close, and of thepremière sortewhen it is less close. A linear treatment of the long-period variations of the elements, valid for motions in which the elements remain close to a particular periodic solution of this type, shows the continuity of near-commensurable motion with other motion, and some of the properties of long-period librations of small amplitude.To extend the investigation to other types of motion near commensurability, numerical integrations of the equations for the long-period variations of the elements were carried out for the 2:1 interior case (of which the planet 108 “Hecuba” is an example) to survey those motions in which the eccentricity takes values less than 0·1. An investigation of the effect of the large amplitude perturbations near commensurability on a distribution of minor planets, which is originally uniform over mean motion, shows a “draining off” effect from the vicinity of exact commensurability of a magnitude large enough to account for the observed gap in the distribution at the 2:1 commensurability.

the effects of resonance with Jupiter in the system of short-period comets

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
L̆ubor Kresák
Keyword(s):  
Structural Effects ◽  
Order Resonance ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compound Effect ◽  
Low Order

AbstractStructural effects of the resonance with the mean motion of Jupiter on the system of short-period comets are discussed. The distribution of mean motions, determined from sets of consecutive perihelion passages of all known periodic comets, reveals a number of gaps associated with low-order resonance; most pronounced are those corresponding to the simplest commensurabilities of 5/2, 2/1, 5/3, 3/2, 1/1 and 1/2. The formation of the gaps is explained by a compound effect of five possible types of behaviour of the comets set into an approximate resonance, ranging from quick passages through the gap to temporary librations avoiding closer approaches to Jupiter. In addition to the comets of almost asteroidal appearance, librating with small amplitudes around the lower resonance ratios (Marsden, 1970b), there is an interesting group of faint diffuse comets librating in characteristic periods of about 200 years, with large amplitudes of about±8% in μ and almost±180° in σ, around the 2/1 resonance gap. This transient type of motion appears to be nearly as frequent as a circulating motion with period of revolution of less than one half that of Jupiter. The temporary members of this group are characteristic not only by their appearance but also by rather peculiar discovery conditions.

Contrast of Filament Bright Rims

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
E. V. Kononovich ◽  
O. B. Smirnova ◽  
P. Heinzel ◽  
P. Kotrč
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe Hα filtergrams obtained at Tjan-Shan High Altitude Observatory near Alma-Ata (Moscow University Station) were measured in order to specify the bright rims contrast at different points along the line profile (0.0; ± 0.25; ± 0.5; ± 0.75 and ± 1.0 Å). The mean contrast value in the line center is about 25 percent. The bright rims interpretation as the bases of magnetic structures supporting the filaments is suggested.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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