scholarly journals Pengaruh Komposisi Kulit Buah Kakao, Ampas Tebu, dan Perekat terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Campuran Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao dan Ampas Tebu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Yeni Fathatun Najihah ◽  
Dwi Puryanti ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Particle Board

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan bahan terbaik terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua variasi perlakuan bahan, yaitu perbandingan komposisi bahan dan jumlah perekat. Variasi komposisi bahan yang digunakan antara kulit buah kakao dan  ampas tebu adalah 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%. Kadar perekat  isosianat  yang digunakan adalah 12%, 14%, dan 16%. Ukuran panjang serat ampas tebu yang digunakan adalah 3 cm. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air, kerapatan, daya serap air, keteguhan patah, kuat tekan sejajar permukaan dan kekuatan rekat internal. Didapatkan papan partikel terbaik adalah papan partikel dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan 50:50% dengan kadar perekat 16%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sifat fisis yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 (2003), SNI 03-2105-2006, dan FAO (1996). Namun pada pengujian sifat mekanis terdapat beberapa nilai MOR papan partikel yang tidak memenuhi standar.  Berdasarkan persentase densitas papan partikel maka papan partikel yang dihasilkan termasuk jenis medium density particle board hingga high density particle board.Kata kunci: kulit buah kakao, ampas tebu, perekat isosianat, papan partikel

Structure and crack growth in gas pipes of medium-density and high-density polyethylene

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 2069-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tränkner ◽  
M. Hedenqvist ◽  
U. W. Gedde
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Medium Density

The Copyrolysis of Block Polypropylene with Particle Board and Medium Density Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-B. Jin ◽  
H. S. Heo ◽  
C. Ryu ◽  
S.-S. Kim ◽  
J.-K. Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density ◽  
Particle Board

Analytical pyrolysis properties of waste medium-density fiberboard and particle board

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Uk Han ◽  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Chuichi Watanabe ◽  
Norio Teramae ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis

Spatial analysis of the factors influencing housing quality for renters in a traditional Nigerian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Falilat Yetunde Olowu ◽  
Emmanuel Babatunde Jaiyeoba ◽  
Hafeez Idowu Agbabiaka ◽  
Olawunmi Johnson Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Housing Characteristics

Purpose Rental housing is an important form of accommodation; evaluating its quality will improve the quality of designs, standard living of renters, new dimension to policy guiding rental housing and enhance the values of rental houses. This study aims to examine the factors influencing rental housing quality in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select tenants for the study. Residential areas were stratified into three densities: high, medium and low. Out of the 18 residential areas identified, six, eight and four were in the high, medium and low densities, respectively. Five residential areas were selected based on high concentrations of rental housing. The selected areas are Mokuro and Iloro (high density), Ife City and Eleyele (medium density) and Aladanla (low density). Systematic sampling technique was used to select 550 buildings where an adult tenant was selected per building for questionnaire administration. Findings The results of the principal component analysis established that four factors were generated for the high-density, nine factors for the medium-density and five factors for low-density areas as the major factors influencing rental housing quality. The variation in the number of factors generated and the percentage variance explained by the factors could be associated to the peculiarities across the densities in terms of the socioeconomic characteristics and housing characteristics of the renters. Originality/value This study examined the factors influencing housing quality for renters in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It provides information on the three residential densities in terms of the variation in their housing morphology. The study went further to establish the relationship among the three musketeers such as socioeconomic characteristic of renters, housing characteristics and housing quality, under three dimensions environmental, internal building and external Building. Therefore, the contribution of this study strengthens the position that a minimum standard and schedule of upgrade and maintenance should be meted out for landlords to carry out repairs at interval, so as to make the housing unit and environment habitable for tenants.

Damage evaluation and protection method of resin pipe for gas conduit subjected to impact load

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Tamai ◽  
Sota Jinkawa ◽  
Yoshimi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Polyethylene Pipe ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

Medium-density polyethylene pipe has been widely introduced to low-pressure gas pipes because of its high flexibility and corrosion resistance. However, many third-party damages due to the impact of heavy equipment have been reported during the construction every year, thus, to prevent the third-party damage, materials such as high-density polyethylene and polyamide have been considered as the new gas pipe candidates. However, their impact resistance capacity under the third-party attack has not been clarified. In this study, static and impact loading experiments were conducted to compare load resistance capacities. As a result, it was revealed that the high-density polyethylene pipe and the polyamide pipe had higher static load capacity and impact resistance than the medium-density polyethylene pipe. By comparing the absorbed energy of the static test and the impact test and calculating the pseudo absorbed energy of the impact test, the evaluation formula judging the safer side of whether the penetration occurred was proposed. Furthermore, as one of the methods to protect the gas pipe, the protective effect of winding a sheet made of reinforced fiber and non-woven fabric was clarified.

High density polyethylene matrix composite as reinforcing agent in medium density fiberboards

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (28) ◽  
pp. 4369-4385
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ritter de Souza Barnasky ◽  
Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha ◽  
Amanda Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Gabriela Escobar Hochmuller da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Composite ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
High Density ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Pinus Spp

This work provides a study about the incorporation of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composite in medium density fiberboards (MDF). A composite was processed in a single screw extruder with 5% of Pinus spp fibers in a HDPE matrix and applied as reinforcing agent in MDFs, as well as pure HDPE, in 11 different variations, using 12% of urea-formaldehyde resin and nominal density of 750 kg.m−3. The composite and the pure HDPE were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC results showed that both polymeric matrix and composite presented the same melting temperature but the composite had a reduced melting enthalpy and crystallinity due to thermal history. SEM analysis showed a well distribution of fibers on the composite. The results of technological properties of MDFs were compared to commercial MDF standards. The MDF reinforced with 40% of polymeric composite reached all minimum standard requirements, being the most recommended to be used as an alternative to conventional MDF, in terms of physical and mechanical performance.

Effects of sanding parameters on sanding force and normal force in sanding wood-based panels

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Luo ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Hongguang Liu ◽  
Mingzhi Wang ◽  
Meijun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract The proper parameters of sanding with abrasive sanding machine are significant to reduce energy consumption and to improve processing efficiency and quality. The parameters sanding speed, feed speed, and granularity have been investigated in terms of the sanding force (sF) and normal force (nF) for particle board (PB) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). For PB, the sF and nF show decreasing trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and linear increase when feed speed increases. The sF and nF are almost constant when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces show increasing trends of second power when granularity increases from 80 to 150. For MDF, the sF and nF change as trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and increase in trends of second power with increasing feed speed. The sF and nF force decrease when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces present linear increasing trends when granularity increases from 80 to 150.

scholarly journals Reduction of River Pollutants with Raffia-Cord in Sail River Pekanbaru Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Budijono ◽  
R D Sibagariang ◽  
M Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reduction Effectiveness

Abstract The Sail River has been polluted by various types of pollutants in Pekanbaru. Raffia-cord is shaped like a feather duster, made of raffia rope that has been smoothed and then woven like a feather duster. This research was conducted as an effort to reduce the river pollutants (nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, Pb, Cr, COD, and BOD5. The study was carried out in Sail River in March – April 2019 using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with density variations: low density (P1), medium density (P2), and high density (P3). The average results showed that the decrease for nitrate was 0.075-0.117 mg/L (35-44%) from 0.136-0.347 mg/L; phosphate 0.205-0.267 mg/L (29-40%) from 0.339-0.381 mg/L; ammonia 0.027-0.076 mg/L (28-58%) from 0.093-0.108 mg/L. The decreasing effectiveness of P1, P2, and P3 for Pb were 67.146%, 70.465% and 67.242%; for Cr were 81.346%, 83.335% and 81.893%. The average COD reduction effectiveness were 38.7%; 46.9%; 42.5% while BOD5 were 71.4%, 74.1% and 69.5%. It was concluded that raffia-cord could be used to reducing nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia levels, raffia-cord was able to reduce the concentration of Pb and Cr but raffia-cord had no significant effect on decreasing COD and BOD5.

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