Nitric Acid Induced Degradation of High Density and Linear Medium Density Polyethylene: Physical Property Sensing Techniques

A parametric study on the flammability characteristics of rice husk-reinforced polyethylene composites with various material compositions was conducted to find the “best” composites’ formulation for fire retardancy. Composites were manufactured using rice husk, maleated anhydride polyethylene and linear medium density polyethylene. The blends for manufacturing of composites were selected using mixture design approach. The individual effects of each constituent material on the fire performance of composites by cone calorimeter were studied using trace and contour plots for the various thermal and flammability properties. Regression coefficients were also estimated for each measured response. The cone calorimetry results show that the addition of rice husk improved fire retardancy of composites. The addition of maleated anhydride polyethylene did not influence the flammability properties much, except for mass loss rate and specific extinction area. The optimum mixture of rice husk, maleated anhydride polyethylene and linear medium density polyethylene for overall “best” flammability properties of the composites was also determined by multiple response optimisation using the regression models in Design Expert software. The optimum mixture for overall “best” fire retardant properties was found to be 50 wt% of rice husk, 5.6 wt% of maleated anhydride polyethylene and 44.4 wt% of linear medium density polyethylene. The flammability properties measured from composites manufactured with this formulation closely matched the values predicted by the model.

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Structure and crack growth in gas pipes of medium-density and high-density polyethylene

Polymer Engineering & Science ◽

10.1002/pen.10602 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (16) ◽

pp. 2069-2076 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

T. Tränkner ◽

M. Hedenqvist ◽

U. W. Gedde

Keyword(s):

Crack Growth ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Medium Density

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Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on linear medium density polyethylene/cellulose nanofibers from Agave tequilana bagasse waste

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.4.9806-9825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 9806-9825

Author(s):

José Guillermo Torres-Rendón ◽

Mario E. Valdez-Fausto ◽

José Anzaldo-Hernández ◽

Rosa M. Jiménez-Amezcua ◽

Kestur G. Satyanarayana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Flexural Properties ◽

Agave Tequilana ◽

Medium Density ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Linear Medium ◽

Mexican State ◽

Bagasse Waste

In the Mexican state of Jalisco, a significant amount of fibrous agave waste is generated from the tequila industry every year. The objective of this study was to establish the potential of obtaining cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from the bagasse waste of Agave tequilana, and then incorporate them into a linear medium density polyethylene matrix to obtain nanocomposites through the thermocompression process. These nanoparticles were used to prepare nanocomposites of the selected matrix, incorporating 1 to 5 wt% of CNF. All of the prepared composites had a low water absorption. Increases in tensile strength and in modulus and flexural properties occurred when the concentration of the CNF was augmented. However, in the case of nanocomposites with 5 wt%, a decrease in elongation was observed.

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Pengaruh Komposisi Kulit Buah Kakao, Ampas Tebu, dan Perekat terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Campuran Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao dan Ampas Tebu

Jurnal Fisika Unand ◽

10.25077/jfu.7.1.8-14.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Yeni Fathatun Najihah ◽

Dwi Puryanti ◽

Yuli Yetri

Keyword(s):

High Density ◽

Medium Density ◽

Particle Board

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan bahan terbaik terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua variasi perlakuan bahan, yaitu perbandingan komposisi bahan dan jumlah perekat. Variasi komposisi bahan yang digunakan antara kulit buah kakao dan ampas tebu adalah 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%. Kadar perekat isosianat yang digunakan adalah 12%, 14%, dan 16%. Ukuran panjang serat ampas tebu yang digunakan adalah 3 cm. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air, kerapatan, daya serap air, keteguhan patah, kuat tekan sejajar permukaan dan kekuatan rekat internal. Didapatkan papan partikel terbaik adalah papan partikel dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan 50:50% dengan kadar perekat 16%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sifat fisis yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 (2003), SNI 03-2105-2006, dan FAO (1996). Namun pada pengujian sifat mekanis terdapat beberapa nilai MOR papan partikel yang tidak memenuhi standar. Berdasarkan persentase densitas papan partikel maka papan partikel yang dihasilkan termasuk jenis medium density particle board hingga high density particle board.Kata kunci: kulit buah kakao, ampas tebu, perekat isosianat, papan partikel

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Spatial analysis of the factors influencing housing quality for renters in a traditional Nigerian city

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijhma-04-2018-0027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 181-209

Author(s):

Falilat Yetunde Olowu ◽

Emmanuel Babatunde Jaiyeoba ◽

Hafeez Idowu Agbabiaka ◽

Olawunmi Johnson Daramola

Keyword(s):

Rental Housing ◽

High Density ◽

Housing Quality ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Low Density ◽

Medium Density ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Housing Characteristics

Purpose Rental housing is an important form of accommodation; evaluating its quality will improve the quality of designs, standard living of renters, new dimension to policy guiding rental housing and enhance the values of rental houses. This study aims to examine the factors influencing rental housing quality in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select tenants for the study. Residential areas were stratified into three densities: high, medium and low. Out of the 18 residential areas identified, six, eight and four were in the high, medium and low densities, respectively. Five residential areas were selected based on high concentrations of rental housing. The selected areas are Mokuro and Iloro (high density), Ife City and Eleyele (medium density) and Aladanla (low density). Systematic sampling technique was used to select 550 buildings where an adult tenant was selected per building for questionnaire administration. Findings The results of the principal component analysis established that four factors were generated for the high-density, nine factors for the medium-density and five factors for low-density areas as the major factors influencing rental housing quality. The variation in the number of factors generated and the percentage variance explained by the factors could be associated to the peculiarities across the densities in terms of the socioeconomic characteristics and housing characteristics of the renters. Originality/value This study examined the factors influencing housing quality for renters in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It provides information on the three residential densities in terms of the variation in their housing morphology. The study went further to establish the relationship among the three musketeers such as socioeconomic characteristic of renters, housing characteristics and housing quality, under three dimensions environmental, internal building and external Building. Therefore, the contribution of this study strengthens the position that a minimum standard and schedule of upgrade and maintenance should be meted out for landlords to carry out repairs at interval, so as to make the housing unit and environment habitable for tenants.

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Damage evaluation and protection method of resin pipe for gas conduit subjected to impact load

International Journal of Protective Structures ◽

10.1177/2041419620902791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 423-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiroki Tamai ◽

Sota Jinkawa ◽

Yoshimi Sonoda

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Impact Test ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

High Density ◽

Third Party ◽

Medium Density ◽

Absorbed Energy ◽

Polyethylene Pipe ◽

The Third ◽

The Impact

Medium-density polyethylene pipe has been widely introduced to low-pressure gas pipes because of its high flexibility and corrosion resistance. However, many third-party damages due to the impact of heavy equipment have been reported during the construction every year, thus, to prevent the third-party damage, materials such as high-density polyethylene and polyamide have been considered as the new gas pipe candidates. However, their impact resistance capacity under the third-party attack has not been clarified. In this study, static and impact loading experiments were conducted to compare load resistance capacities. As a result, it was revealed that the high-density polyethylene pipe and the polyamide pipe had higher static load capacity and impact resistance than the medium-density polyethylene pipe. By comparing the absorbed energy of the static test and the impact test and calculating the pseudo absorbed energy of the impact test, the evaluation formula judging the safer side of whether the penetration occurred was proposed. Furthermore, as one of the methods to protect the gas pipe, the protective effect of winding a sheet made of reinforced fiber and non-woven fabric was clarified.

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High density polyethylene matrix composite as reinforcing agent in medium density fiberboards

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998320931913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (28) ◽

pp. 4369-4385

Author(s):

Ricardo Ritter de Souza Barnasky ◽

Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha ◽

Amanda Dantas de Oliveira ◽

Martha Andreia Brand ◽

Gabriela Escobar Hochmuller da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Matrix Composite ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

High Density ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Medium Density ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Reinforcing Agent ◽

Pinus Spp

This work provides a study about the incorporation of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composite in medium density fiberboards (MDF). A composite was processed in a single screw extruder with 5% of Pinus spp fibers in a HDPE matrix and applied as reinforcing agent in MDFs, as well as pure HDPE, in 11 different variations, using 12% of urea-formaldehyde resin and nominal density of 750 kg.m−3. The composite and the pure HDPE were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC results showed that both polymeric matrix and composite presented the same melting temperature but the composite had a reduced melting enthalpy and crystallinity due to thermal history. SEM analysis showed a well distribution of fibers on the composite. The results of technological properties of MDFs were compared to commercial MDF standards. The MDF reinforced with 40% of polymeric composite reached all minimum standard requirements, being the most recommended to be used as an alternative to conventional MDF, in terms of physical and mechanical performance.

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