Spatial analysis of the factors influencing housing quality for renters in a traditional Nigerian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Falilat Yetunde Olowu ◽  
Emmanuel Babatunde Jaiyeoba ◽  
Hafeez Idowu Agbabiaka ◽  
Olawunmi Johnson Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Housing Characteristics

Purpose Rental housing is an important form of accommodation; evaluating its quality will improve the quality of designs, standard living of renters, new dimension to policy guiding rental housing and enhance the values of rental houses. This study aims to examine the factors influencing rental housing quality in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select tenants for the study. Residential areas were stratified into three densities: high, medium and low. Out of the 18 residential areas identified, six, eight and four were in the high, medium and low densities, respectively. Five residential areas were selected based on high concentrations of rental housing. The selected areas are Mokuro and Iloro (high density), Ife City and Eleyele (medium density) and Aladanla (low density). Systematic sampling technique was used to select 550 buildings where an adult tenant was selected per building for questionnaire administration. Findings The results of the principal component analysis established that four factors were generated for the high-density, nine factors for the medium-density and five factors for low-density areas as the major factors influencing rental housing quality. The variation in the number of factors generated and the percentage variance explained by the factors could be associated to the peculiarities across the densities in terms of the socioeconomic characteristics and housing characteristics of the renters. Originality/value This study examined the factors influencing housing quality for renters in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It provides information on the three residential densities in terms of the variation in their housing morphology. The study went further to establish the relationship among the three musketeers such as socioeconomic characteristic of renters, housing characteristics and housing quality, under three dimensions environmental, internal building and external Building. Therefore, the contribution of this study strengthens the position that a minimum standard and schedule of upgrade and maintenance should be meted out for landlords to carry out repairs at interval, so as to make the housing unit and environment habitable for tenants.

scholarly journals Residents Satisfaction Determinants in the Rental Housing in Enugu Urbanc Enugu State Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ubani O. ◽  
Nwauzoma U.
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Housing Design

In Enugu urban residential areas, most of the residential housing are occupied by varying categories of persons and they are done on rental basis. Arguably, the residents have different feelings concerning the extent of satisfaction derived from the housing quality. The tasks confronting policy makers and stakeholders are to identify as well as analyze the factors determining adequate and satisfactory housing that will serve as a guide for future housing design and development especially in rental houses. This study aimed at determining the various satisfaction determinants in the rental housing in the residential areas of Enugu Metropolis with a view to raising options for better housing delivery. The study was conducted using survey research method. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. A total of 200 copies of questionnaires were used for the analysis across nine residential neighbourhoods in Enugu urban. Stratified sampling technique and systematic sampling technique were used in the study. The statistical tool that that aided in revealing the determinants (factors) that influence residents’ satisfaction with their rental housing in the study area was. The study identified and classified the factors that influence residents’ satisfaction with their dwelling units into seven components which explained 75.01 percent of the observed variation in public housing satisfaction variables. The seven factors are House Unit Attributes (8.305), Proximity/Accessibility to Infrastructure (4.733), Neighborhood Facilities Attributes (4.306), Infrastructure Services (3.330), Utility Attributes (2.890), Social Attributes (2.126) and Waste Disposal Factor (2.066). The need to adequately and holistically consider these variables in the provision of rental housing in the State were recommended for policy makers and rental housing providers in the State

Towards a well-informed rental housing policy in Ghana: differentiating between critics and non-critics of the rent advance system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Juvenile Ehwi ◽  
Lewis Abedi Asante ◽  
Emmanuel Kofi Gavu
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The One ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Purpose In Ghana, the practice of landlords demanding that renters pay rent advance (RA) of between six months and five years is well noted. Surprisingly, renters appear divided into the benefits and drawbacks of the rent advance payment. Ahead of the 2020 general elections, the two leading political parties in Ghana promised to establish a rent assistance scheme to help renters working in the formal and informal sectors and earning regular incomes to pay their RA. This paper aims to scrutinize the differences in the demographic, employment and housing characteristics between the critics and non-critics of the RA payment in Ghana and the factors that predict the likelihood of being a critic of the RA system. Design/methodology/approach The study is exploratory and draws empirical data from surveys administered to 327 graduate renters from 13 regions in Ghana. It uses non-parametric and parametric tests, namely, Chi-square goodness-of-fit and T-test to explore these differences between both critics and non-critics of the RA. Findings There are statistically significant differences between critics and non-critics in terms of the association between their educational attainment on the one hand and their marital status, employment status and employment sector on the other hand. The research also reveals that monthly expenditures, number of bedrooms and RA period significantly predict the likelihood of being a critic of the RA payment or otherwise. Practical implications The study provides evidence which policymakers can draw upon to inform housing policy. Originality/value The study is the first to study the housing characteristics of graduate renters and to quantitatively distinguish between critics and non-critics of RA payment in Ghana.

scholarly journals A processing diagram for high-density Ti-6Al-4V by selective laser melting

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1469-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinmin (Morris) Wang ◽  
Chandrika Kamath ◽  
Thomas Voisin ◽  
Zan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Hatch Spacing

Purpose Density optimization is the first critical step in building additively manufactured parts with high-quality and good mechanical properties. The authors developed an approach that combines simulations and experiments to identify processing parameters for high-density Ti-6Al-4V using the laser powder-bed-fusion technique. A processing diagram based on the normalized energy density concept is constructed, illustrating an optimized processing window for high- or low-density samples. Excellent mechanical properties are obtained for Ti-6Al-4V samples built from the optimized window. Design/methodology/approach The authors use simple, but approximate, simulations and selective experiments to design parameters for a limited set of single track experiments. The resulting melt-pool characteristics are then used to identify processing parameters for high-density pillars. A processing diagram is built and excellent mechanical properties are achieved in samples built from this window. Findings The authors find that the laser linear input energy has a much stronger effect on the melt-pool depth than the melt-pool width. A processing diagram based on normalized energy density and normalized hatch spacing was constructed, qualitatively indicating that high-density samples are produced in a region when 1 < E* < 2. The onset of void formation and low-density samples occur as E* moves beyond a value of 2. The as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V shows excellent mechanical performance. Originality/value A combined approach of computer simulations and selected experiments is applied to optimize the density of Ti-6Al-4V, via laser powder-bed-fusion (L-PBF) technique. A series of high-density samples are achieved. Some special issues are identified for L-PBF processes of Ti-6Al-4V, including the powder particle sticking and part swelling issues. A processing diagram is constructed for Ti-6Al-4V, based on the normalized energy density and normalized hatch spacing concept. The diagram illustrates windows with high- and low-density samples. Good mechanical properties are achieved during tensile tests of near fully dense Ti-6Al-4V samples. These good properties are attributed to the success of density optimization processes.

scholarly journals Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing in Amadiyah Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012125
Author(s):  
Muzahim Saeed Younis ◽  
Saifaldeen Maadh Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Sloping Lands

Abstract This study was conducted on the vegetative and non-vegetative land cover spread in the Amadiya District of Dohuk Governorate, northern Iraq, located between longitudes (43 ° 25'24.309 "- 43 ° 11'6.839") to the east and latitudes (37 ° 12'36.359 "- 37 7'25.484") north. They rely on a spatial indication of accuracy (10 m) and are reduced to (5 m) from Sentinel -2. Using unsupervised classifications, to form a general perception of the items in the studied area. As the number of varieties and the number of spectral bands used were determined, then the Supervised Classification to classify the spatial indication at the site to determine the plant and non-plant ground targets. These two classifications resulted, using the (Arc GIS) program, we obtained 12 types when classifying the space declaration for the Amadiyah district. We noticed that the area occupied by the terrestrial targets of the site are (water, medium-density forests (sloping lands), medium-density forests (flatlands), low-density forests (sloping lands), low-density forests (flatlands), limestone rocky areas, dense forests. (Sloping lands), limestone and paved roads, barren lands, residential areas, pastures, dense forests (flatlands) and their areas respectively are (283.9 - 408.6 - 556.2 - 829.2 - 983.6 - 1022.8 - 1066.4 - 1138.8 - 1148.5 - 1172.2 - 1218.4. - 1272.4) km2. The classification accuracy of the spatial indication was estimated based on the error matrix and the Kappa test. From there we found that the accuracy was (84.6%) for the error matrix and (83.34%) for the Kappa test, and this indicates that the classification accuracy is very good It is acceptable and can be relied upon and recommended for classification.

scholarly journals Reduction of River Pollutants with Raffia-Cord in Sail River Pekanbaru Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Budijono ◽  
R D Sibagariang ◽  
M Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reduction Effectiveness

Abstract The Sail River has been polluted by various types of pollutants in Pekanbaru. Raffia-cord is shaped like a feather duster, made of raffia rope that has been smoothed and then woven like a feather duster. This research was conducted as an effort to reduce the river pollutants (nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, Pb, Cr, COD, and BOD5. The study was carried out in Sail River in March – April 2019 using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with density variations: low density (P1), medium density (P2), and high density (P3). The average results showed that the decrease for nitrate was 0.075-0.117 mg/L (35-44%) from 0.136-0.347 mg/L; phosphate 0.205-0.267 mg/L (29-40%) from 0.339-0.381 mg/L; ammonia 0.027-0.076 mg/L (28-58%) from 0.093-0.108 mg/L. The decreasing effectiveness of P1, P2, and P3 for Pb were 67.146%, 70.465% and 67.242%; for Cr were 81.346%, 83.335% and 81.893%. The average COD reduction effectiveness were 38.7%; 46.9%; 42.5% while BOD5 were 71.4%, 74.1% and 69.5%. It was concluded that raffia-cord could be used to reducing nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia levels, raffia-cord was able to reduce the concentration of Pb and Cr but raffia-cord had no significant effect on decreasing COD and BOD5.

Solid waste management during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Ibadan municipality Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbemiga Bolade Faniran ◽  
Abel Omoniyi Afon ◽  
Olanrewaju Timothy Dada
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the management of solid waste during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in different residential areas of Ibadan municipality, Nigeria. The study also examined how the government performed its responsibility during the exercise. This is expected to assist in improving the conduct of sanitation exercise in one of Africa’s populous indigenous settlement, Ibadan. Design/methodology/approach Collection of data for the study was through participant observation, administration of questionnaire, and interview. As a way of participating and observing, the authors were involved in the conduct of the exercise in the different residential areas of Ibadan municipality. Questionnaire was administered on respondents drawn from one of every ten buildings (10 percent) in the study area using systematic sampling technique. A respondent (preferably a household head) was surveyed from a floor of selected residential building. A total of 367 copies of questionnaire were completed and returned for analysis. Information provided in the questionnaire was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Interview was conducted to collect information from the head of environmental sanitation unit in each of the five local government areas of Ibadan municipality. Findings The most widely used medium of storing solid waste was the polythene bag, which accounted for 22.8 percent of all the storage receptacles and was employed by 50.4 percent of the residents. Similarly, residents employed a combination of waste disposal methods which included burning, and dumping in the drains, river banks and on vacant plots. Methods of solid waste storage and disposal varied across the different residential areas of Ibadan municipality. It was established that despite the huge amount of money expended on the collection of solid waste during the exercise, only government-owned vans constituted less environmental health hazard. Practical implications It would assist in evaluating the success and failure of the monthly environmental sanitation exercise. It would also reveal to policy makers’ direction to which policy initiative should focus. Findings of the study could serve as a guide for the management of solid waste from similar exercises in countries of the developing world with similar socio-economic and environmental sanitation practices. Originality/value Presented in this paper are results of an investigation into solid waste management during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Ibadan municipality, Nigeria. The study was an attempt at examining the different storage and disposal methods employed by households in the management of solid waste during the exercise. It also revealed what is committed financially into the collection and transportation of solid waste for final disposal during the exercise by government.

NUTRIENT PRESERVATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF FORAGES ENSILED WITH SODIUM METABISULPHITE AT VARYING LEVELS OF COMPACTION AND DRY MATTER

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cordukes ◽  
D. A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite

Sodium metabisulphite treatments did not reduce ensiling losses in mixed forages of various dry matter percentages at different densities.The quality and odour of low-density, low-dry matter silages were improved, but those of high-density silages were unaffected.Bisulphite increased the acceptability to heifers of forages of low to medium dry matter ensiled at medium density. Bisulphite did not increase the acceptability of low-dry matter forages ensiled at low density.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI DAN LAJU DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH MANGROVE BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KERAPATANNYA DI DELTA SUNGAI WULAN, DEMAK, JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Sena Widhitama ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Agung Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
High Density ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

ABSTRAK Salah satu proses pada ekosistem mangrove yang memberikan kontribusi  besar terhadap kesuburan perairan adalah proses dekomposisi atau penghancuran serasah mangrove. Penghancuran serasah merupakan bagian dari tahap proses dekomposisi, yang dapat menghasilkan nutrient  penting dalam rantai makanan, melalui produktivitas perairan disekitarnya, sebagaimana yang terjadi di Delta Sungai Wulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produksi serasah mangrove dan laju dekomposisinya berdasarkan tingkat kerapatan mangrove.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survai hal ini dilakukan dalam tiga titik sampling, yang dikelompokkan pada tiga kategori kerapatan mangrove yaitu rendah, sedang dan tinggi.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan januari sampai maret 2016. Hasil penelitian  menemukan  tiga spesies mangrove yaitu Rhizopora mocrunata, Rhizopora apiculata, dan Avicennia marina. Jumlah serasah yang diperoleh pada kerapatan mangrove rendah adalah 701.51 gram, mangrove kerapatan sedang berjumlah 837.94 gram dan mangrove kerapatan tinggi berjumlah 1276.85 gram. Laju dekomposisi dalam 30 hari pengamatan dengan laju tertinggi berada pada mangrove kerapatan tinggi dengan persentase 29 – 30 %, sedangkan kerapatan mangrove rendah dan kerapatan mangrove sedang dengan persentase 28%. Kata kunci : Delta Sungai Wulan;Produksi Serasah;Laju Dekomposisi ABSTRACTOne of the processes at mangrove ecosystem which contributes greatly to the fertility waters is the process of decomposition or destruction of mangrove manure. Destruction of Manure is a part of the decomposition process, can produce an important nutrient in the food chain, by means of  productivity of the surroundings waters, as happened in Delta Wulan. The purpose of this study was to find out the mangrove manure production and the rate of decomposition is based on the density of mangrove. The method used is a survey method  to divide the three point sampling, which grouped in three categories mangrove density, low, medium and high. This research was conducted in January to March 2016. The result of research to found  three species of mangrove that Rhizopora mocrunata, Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina. The amount of manure that is obtained at a low density is 701.51 grams, medium density amounted to 837.94 grams and high density mangrove amounted to 1276.85 grams. The rate of decomposition in the 30 days of observation by the highest rates are in the high density mangrove with a percentage of 29% - 30%, meanwhile low density mangrove and mangrove medium density with a percentage of 28%. Keywords : Delta Wulan River;Manure production;Decomposition rate

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