scholarly journals PEMECAHAN (SPLITTING) MOLEKUL AIR MENJADI GAS H2DAN O2 MELALUI PROSES FOTOVOLTAIK

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dini Fatmi ◽  
Admin Alif ◽  
Hamzar Suyani
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon Rods ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Na2so4 Electrolyte

One method to overcome the scarcity of alternative sources of energy on earth is through the development of photovoltaic cells. This method used a solar energy to electrical energy transformation. In this research, breaking (splitting) of water molecules into H2 and O2 gas by the photovoltaic process uses electrodes CuO/C with Na2SO4 electrolyte. In this process used 2 photovoltaic cells as electricity producing and U-shaped electrolysis cell for solver (splitting) of water molecule produce H2 and O2 gas. CuO electrode (anode) is made through the burning of copper rod in a furnace at temperature 400 oC with a variety of combustion 1, 3, 4 times each lasting for 1 hs, while the cathode in the form of carbon rods obtained from 2B pencil. The optimum conditions for Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration is 0.8 N and for CuO electrodes with 3x burning. Optimum efficiency photovoltaic process was 2.66%. H2 and O2 gas volume obtained near stoichiometric ratio is 2 : 1.

scholarly journals PENARIKAN ION Cu2+ (CuSO4) DARI LARUTAN AIR MELALUI PROSES ELEKTROLISIS SECARA FOTOVOLTAIK DENGAN SEMIKONDUKTOR LAPISAN OKSIDA CuO DAN ZnO DARI KUNINGAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Admin Alif ◽  
Hamzar Suyani ◽  
Hamzar Suyani
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Semiconductor Electrodes ◽  
Na2so4 Electrolyte

Photovoltaic is a method that can convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. One use ofphotovoltaic electrolysis can be used for metal ions contained in the liquid waste. The research aims electrolyzing Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution using a series of photovoltaic cells with semiconductor CuO and ZnO oxide layer of brass with Na2SO4 electrolyte. The series of photovoltaic cells is associated with an electrolysis cell containing Cu2+ ions to be electrolysed. Semiconductor electrodes made with brass burning in a furnace in a few repetitions at a temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. U-shaped electrolysis cells glass tube containing a solution of CuSO4 1.25 g/L using a carbon rod as anode and cathode. Electrolysis of Cu2+ ions results were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer (AAS). The results showed that the optimum conditions Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration 0.8 N with semiconductor double-furnace with a strong current 0.829 mA and a voltage of 0.241 mV, the value of efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is 0.599%. Electrolysis of Cu2+ ions for 4 weeks could reduce Cu2+ ions concentration of 35 mg/L to 15.909 mg/L (45.45%). CuO and ZnO electrodes was relatively less stable and cause strong currents and voltage drop along the length of the process.

Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
I. N. G. Wardana ◽  
N. Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Partial Charge ◽  
Delocalized Electron ◽  
Water Hydrogen

Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.

Intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells with thin proton-conducting electrolyte and a robust air electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
pp. 22945-22951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libin Lei ◽  
Zetian Tao ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
John P. Lemmon ◽  
Fanglin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

A proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell (H-SOEC) is a promising device that efficiently converts electrical energy to chemical energy.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of La(III), Nd(III), and Er(III) Complexes with Schiff Bases Derived from Benzopyran-4-one and Thier Fluorescence Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida L. El-Ansary ◽  
Nora S. Abdel-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Binuclear Complexes ◽  
Fluorescence Study ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Coordinated Water

The Schiff bases, L1, L2, and L3, are synthesized from the condensation of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-formyl-2-methylbenzopyran-4-one (L) with 2-aminopyridine (1), p-phenylenediamine (2), and o-phenylenediamine (3). The prepared Schiff bases react with lanthanum (III), neodymium (III), and erbium (III) nitrate to give complexes with stoichiometric ratio (1 : 1) (ligand : metal). The binuclear complexes of Er(III) with L3 and the three metal ions with L2 are separated. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic absorption, and infrared, 1H-NMR spectral studies. The presence of hydrated and coordinated water molecules is inferred from thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal degradation studies show that the final product is the metal oxide. The luminescence properties of the Nd(III) and Er(III) complexes in dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions were investigated.

scholarly journals Macrolide antibiotics removal using a circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor: parametric study and hydrodynamic flow characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2627-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Ounnar ◽  
Abdelkrim Bouzaza ◽  
Lidia Favier ◽  
Fatiha Bentahar
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Immobilized Catalyst ◽  
Flow Characterization ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Artificial Uv ◽  
Maximum Removal

The present work investigates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of biorecalcitrant macrolide antibiotics in a circulating tubular photoreactor. As target pollutants, spiramycin (SPM) and tylosin (TYL) were considered in this study. The photoreactor leads to the use of an immobilized titanium dioxide on non-woven paper under artificial UV-lamp irradiation. Maximum removal efficiency was achieved at the optimum conditions of natural pH, low pollutant concentration and a 0.35 L min−1 flow rate. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was used to fit experimental results and the model constants were determined. Moreover, the total organic carbon analysis reveals that SPM and TYL mineralization is not complete. In addition, the study of the residence time distribution allowed us to investigate the flow regime of the reactor. Electrical energy consumption for photocatalytic degradation of macrolides using circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor was lower compared with some reported photoreactors used for the elimination of pharmaceutic compounds. A repetitive reuse of the immobilized catalyst was also studied in order to check its photoactivity performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the possibility of using alternative sources of electrical energy to power auxiliaries of traction substations of power supply divisions on the example of ECHE-20 “Bronevaya”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610
Author(s):  
Iliya A. TEREKHIN ◽  
◽  
Alexander Yu. BALAKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Traction Substations ◽  
Alternative Sources

Objective: To assess the possibility of using alternative sources of electrical energy to power auxiliaries of traction substations of power supply divisions on the example of ECHE-20 “Bronevayaˮ. Methods: Alternative energy is used on the railways. Results: Equipment was selected and a solar power plant was designed, economic effi ciency from the introduction of an alternative energy source and its payback period were calculated. Practical importance: The designed alternative source of electrical energy makes it possible to increase the energy effi ciency indicators of production processes of railway transport

scholarly journals Concentration Optimization Na2CO3 Alginates From Turbinaria sp. As Raw Material Electrolite Polymer For DSSC

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Dinda Liyana ◽  
Nurhadini Nurhadini ◽  
Ristika Oktavia Asriza
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Alginate Extraction

Polymer electrolyte DSSC is one component of the application can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The polymer electrolyte can be synthesized from brown seaweed Turbinaria sp. However, the optimization of alginate extraction has not been widely carried out, so the aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for variations in the concentration of Na2CO3 (3%, 5%, 7%) in extracts from Turbinaria sp as raw material for polymer electrolyte synthesis for DSSC. Alginate optimum extraction results known by percentage yield, moisture content and functional groups using FTIR analysis. The optimum conditions for alginate extraction from Turbinaria sp are Na2CO3 5% and a temperature of 60 oC with a yield of 23.81% and a moisture content of 8.1%. FTIR results also indicate the intensity of the strongest mannuronic seen at 822cm-1 wave numbers.

Catalytic Degradation of Pyrrole in Aqueous Solution by Cu/SBA-15

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Garg ◽  
Vimal Chandra Srivastava ◽  
Seema Singh ◽  
Tapas Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
First Order ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Abstract Present study reports parametric and kinetic study for catalytic per oxidation (CPO) of pyrrole by Cu/SBA-15 catalyst using H2O2 as an oxidant. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analyses were used for the characterization of catalyst. Effects of various operating variables such as initial concentration of pyrrole (Co): 48.3–386.8 mg/L, catalytic dose (Cw): 0.5–2 g/L, stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen peroxide/pyrrole: 1–4, and reaction temperature (T): 50–60°C were studied. More than 85% pyrrole mineralization was observed at the optimum conditions of Cw = 1.5 g/L, stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen peroxide/pyrrole = 3, T = 55°C at pH = 6.1. A two-step pseudo-first-order kinetic model well-described the pyrrole mineralization by the CPO process.

scholarly journals Review on Solar Thermal Electricity in Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim Belgasim ◽  
Yasser Aldali
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Alternative Sources

Libya is facing an increasing deficit in electrical energy supply which needs great efforts to find new and renewable alternative sources of power. Solar thermal electricity is one of the most promising and emerging renewable energy technologies to substitute the conventional fossil fuel systems. A review of the research literature of solar thermal electricity in Libya is presented in this article. The state of the art of these technologies including design, operation principles and global market is demonstrated. Detailed reviews of research activities that have been conducted by Libyan researchers or institutions are presented. It has been found that Libya as a country needs a strategic plan and more research efforts in order to adopt these new technologies and put them in production mode.

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