ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SPECIFICS OF SOIL AND PLANT COVERING OF URBAN LANDSCAPES (IN THE TOWN OF BROVARY AS AN EXAMPLE)

The results of the pollutants content research in urbanized landscapes soils of Ukraine (on the example of Brovary city, Kyiv region) were shown. The total and mobile contents data of chemical elements (Ni, Co, Zn, V, Pb, Cr, Cu) were obtained and analyzed using the methods of landscape-geochemical studies, analytical and statistical methods. The dependences of the vegetation resistance in cities to the level of soil cover contamination and the degree of heavy metals income have been established. The geochemical characteristics (such as the value of the accumulation coefficients; concentration of soil and vegetation cover; index of biogeochemical activity of the species within Brovary city) were analyzed. Throughout most of the city territory, the level of soil contamination is above average. Soils are characterized by the following association of heavy metals: Cu> Pb> Zn> Co> Cr> V> Mo> Mn> Ni. The dominant association is distributed heterogeneous throughout the city, forming geochemical anomalies depending on the source of contamination. The maximum technogenic load was recorded in urban soils areas within zones of transport infrastructure, production and communal-warehouse facilities.Woody vegetation is the most actively absorbed copper, manganese from the soil, and the least intensively absorbed chromium, vanadium and nickel. The biogeochemical activity coefficient of the research species is the following: Acer platanoides - 7,26, Betula pendula Roth. - 7,07, and Populus deltoides - 7,05, Pínus sylvestris - 1.32 and Alnus incana - 3.37. The biological absorption coefficients of manganese and copper are high because these metals have the ability to form strong complexes with organic matter. Biological absorption coefficients of vanadium and chromium is low for the researched plant species because these chemical elements are immobile in soils. For the city of Brovary, the presence of polyelemental contamination of soil and vegetation has been established. According to the indicators of the gross content of VM, the main pollutants are Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn. Concentrations of gross and mobile forms of VM exceed background values and maximum concentration limits in 17-28 times. The maximum of man-caused load was recorded in the urban soils of the transport infrastructure zone and the zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Regularities of formation of elemental composition of plants of urban areas undergo significant changes in comparison with natural conditions, which is due to the strengthening of the role of foliar absorption of pollutants from the air and their high content in soils. The greatest ability to bioaccumulate has a male thyroid (Dryopteris filix-mas Schott) and birch (Convolvulus arvensis). The highest coefficient of biogeochemical activity of the studied species is Acer platanoides - 7.26, hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth.) - 7.07 and Canadian poplar (Populus deltoides) - 7.05, the lowest - Scots pine (Pínus sylvеstris ) - 1.32 and gray alder (Alnus incana) - 3.37. Weakly and very weakly, most of the studied plant species capture vanadium and chromium, which are relatively sedentary in the soil. Further research is needed to analyze the physicochemical parameters of soils, the coefficients of transition of metals to plants relative to their content in organic and mobile form in order to establish the relationships that characterize the process of translocation of chemical elements. Keywords: landscape-geochemical conditions, heavy metals, soils, vegetation.

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Рatterns of spreading of heavy metals in soils of urbanized landscapes (on the example of Brovary city)

Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology ◽

10.15421/112053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 580-590

Author(s):

Anastasiia O. Splodytel

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Technogenic Pollution ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Geochemical Parameters ◽

The City

Results of the study about pollutants content in soils of urbanized landscapes are presented. Patterns of their migration and accumulation in main soil types of Brovary are grounded. Correlation relationships between the individual components of ecologicalgeochemical system of urbanized territory were analyzed. Dependences of landscape resistance to technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, degree of their anthropogenic transformation and level of heavy metals were determined. According to geochemical criteria technogenic associations of heavy metalsin soils are determined, which are represented by the following elements: Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Cr>V>Mo>Mn>Ni. Level of gross content of chemical elements compounds in soils of different zones of the city is heterogeneous. City zones with the highest polyelement contamination of soil have been identified. Maximum technogenic load is recorded in urban areas of transport infrastructure zone and zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Ecological and geochemical assessment on the total index of pollution by using methods of Y.E. Saeta, is shown. Value of this topsoil parameter in Brovary (0-10 cm) ranges from 30 to 106, the average is 65, which corresponds to hazardous level of soil pollution. According to the total indicator of technogenic pollution, Brovary belongs to cities with high pollution level. Soils in all parts of the city, except for residential areas, are classified as hazardous. Studied soils of the city are characterized by plumbum geochemical specialization. High levels of zinc, manganese, cobalt and chromium were also found (the maximal permissible concentrations in soil exceeds by 1.7-4.7 times). Especial attention is paid to the patterns, mechanisms of pollutants influence on the complex of soil properties and processes that determine the ecological condition of soils and their resistance to anthropogenic flows. Soil contamination by pollutants leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties (cation exchange capacity pH, organic matter content) which causes a low buffering capacity of soil cover of the city.

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Unaccounted Environmental Risk of Fuel Filling Stations in the City

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2020-11-24-29 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

G.I. Sarapulova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Urban Soils ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Oil Products ◽

Geochemical Barrier ◽

Filling Station ◽

The City

The statistically significant geochemical dependences of the dynamic behavior of petroleum products in urban soils in the fuel filling station zone are considered, the areal of their distribution are determined. The techniques used make it possible not only to identify laterally manmade modules of environmental hazard (laterally module) when oil products come from fuel filling stations, but also to determine additional factors of unaccounted environmental risk, for example, the process of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil profile in excess of the standards on the resulting geochemical barrier in the form of oil products. The risk assessment of oil product supply facilities should be carried out taking into account the specifics of the distribution of toxicants in technogenically altered soils.

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Determination of the Level of Snow Cover Pollution with Heavy Metals within the City of Kovrov Boundaries

Water sector of Russia: problems, technologies, management - Методы оценки и механизмы регулирования водопользования в современных условиях ◽

10.35567/1999-4508-2014-6-6 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Iron Accumulation ◽

Winter Period ◽

Vladimir Oblast ◽

The City

The paper presents the outcomes of the investigation of heavy metals and iron accumulation in the Kovrov (Vladimir Oblast) snow cover. On the basis of snowmelt waters’ analysis a calculation of the chemical elements input into snow cover over the winter period has been carried out.

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Peculiarities of Recultivating the Ash Dump of Power Station-1 in the City of Khabarovsk

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.444 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1051 ◽

pp. 444-447

Author(s):

A.A. Suprunova ◽

L.T. Krupskaya ◽

T.G. Borzenkova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Research Work ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Concentration ◽

Power Station ◽

Migration Intensity ◽

Strong Winds ◽

High Level ◽

The City

The article presents the results of the research work on the peculiarities of recultivation of the ash dumps of power station No1 (PS1) in the city of Khabarovsk. The research showed that the climatic conditions of the region promote the dust dispersal of toxic agents from the surface of the ash dump. The pollution of the air basin here can be attributed to the extremely high level of pollution (EHP), the priority pollutant is the dust containing heightened concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd). As a result it leads to the deterioration of the population’s health, especially to the high level of respiratory organs diseases. The research of the sprouting of the herbaceous plants (mixture of timothy-grass, clover and mustard) on prepared model soils showed their healthy growth. The ash chemical composition was studied. It showed high concentration of toxic chemical elements (Hg, Be, Sr, Cd, V, Th, 40K, Cr, Mb, AS, Sb,Se, Te, Pb, Ni, Co). The migration intensity of heavy metals ions into the plants was analyzed. On the basis of the experimental research the optimum composition of the substrate was revealed and recommended for recultivating the ash dump of PS1, namely: soil+sand+ash. Climatic conditions of the Khabarovsk Krai do not permit to recommend the sand+ash substrate for recultivation because of strong winds.

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GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

GEOLOGY GEOGRAPHY AND GLOBAL ENERGY ◽

10.21672/2077-6322-2021-82-3-115-120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽

◽

BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽

ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽

VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

The Body ◽

Urbanized Area ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

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Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00273-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 300 (1-3) ◽

pp. 229-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 624

Author(s):

Daniela Salvagio Manta ◽

Massimo Angelone ◽

Adriana Bellanca ◽

Rodolfo Neri ◽

Mario Sprovieri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Urban Soils ◽

The City

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Heavy Metals in Soils Affected by Coal Enterprises and Their Impact on Human Health

Safety in Technosphere ◽

10.12737/11329 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 16-26

Author(s):

Язиков ◽

E. Yazikov ◽

Осипова ◽

N. Osipova ◽

Тарасова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Urban Soils ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Affected Area ◽

Coal Enterprises ◽

The City ◽

Primary Contribution ◽

Calculated Analysis ◽

Heavy Metals In Soils

Concentrations of heavy metals in Southern Kuzbass urban soils affected by coal mining industry and sity boilers were studied. The risks of toxic effects of elements found in soils as a result of geochemical sampling (200 samples) were identified. The hazard ratio during the intake of elements - toxins into the human body orally and via inhalation was calculated. Analysis of uncertainty in the estimation of the average daily doses was carried out. The obtained risk parameters fall into the category of permissible or acceptable. The primary contribution to the total hazard ratio is made by the manganese, cobalt, copper, and arsenic. These elements show special features of the soil in the affected area of coal mining, urban boilers everywhere and the activity of repair — metallurgical and foundry businesses locally. No pronounced differentiation of the city areas according to the value of the hazard ratio was discovered.

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Heavy metals concentration in soils from parks and green areas in Belgrade

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0906697m ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 697-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Mirjana Marjanovic ◽

Marija Vukcevic ◽

Dusan Antonovic ◽

Suzana Dimitrijevic ◽

Djordje Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Urban Soils ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

The Past ◽

Ph Values ◽

Green Areas ◽

The City ◽

Very High ◽

Pb Concentration

The current study included the investigation of several metals and their distribution in urban soils from parks and green areas in the city of Belgrade. The soils were sampled in January and February 2008. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn were measured, as well as the pH values and organic matter contents. The obtained results showed that there was a significant level of contamination in some samples, especially with lead, and that it was most probably caused by anthropogenic activities, mostly from traffic. The results were compared with the National legislation and Netherlands standards. Also, the recent results were compared with the data from previous work and it was concluded that there has been a certain increase of the Pb concentration in the past three years. The level of pollution in playground soil was very high and each analyzed sample exceeded the Dutch target value for Cd, Co and Pb.

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ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE URBAN SOILS OF THE CITY OF SKARŻYSKO-KAMIENNA (POLAND) WITH REGARD TO LAND USE

Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences ◽

10.26471/cjees/2018/013/022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 249-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna ŚWIERCZ ◽

◽

Ewelina ZAJĘCKA

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Land Use ◽

Urban Soils ◽

The City

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Variability of atmospheric aerosol element composition in Moscow in 2019 and 2020

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7771 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dina Gubanova ◽

Andrey Skorokhod ◽

Mikhail Iordanskii ◽

Anna Vinogradova ◽

Nikolai Elansky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Element Composition ◽

Aerosol Composition ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Local Origin ◽

Synoptic Conditions ◽

The City

The data of intensive complex experiment carried out by A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS to study the atmospheric composition in Moscow gave some new results on seasonal and daily variations in the elemental composition of surface aerosol in Moscow. The elemental composition of daily aerosol samples includes 65 chemical elements from Li to U, measured by ICPM spectrometer (during about 40 days in each of four seasons from summer 2019 to spring 2020). The enrichment factors (EFs) of element concentrations in relation to earth&#8217;s crust allowed us to distinguish terrigenous (Mn, Mg, Zn, Fe, Al, etc.) and anthropogenic (for example, Cd, Sb, Pb) elements.The correlations between temporal variations in element concentrations and EFs helped us to divide all elements into 4 groups: elements of global distribution, heavy metals and metalloids of predominantly terrigenous or anthropogenic origin, radioactive elements. Heavy metals and sulfur, the main sources of which in Moscow are engines, are the elements of anthropogenic/local origin. In winter and summer seasons, the EFs of the most of these elements reach their highest values, which indicates an increase of anthropogenic emissions (heating and energetics, road transport) in cold season and soil/dust contributions in summer. Elements of terrigenous/global origin have small seasonal variations in EFs. In winter, coefficients of aerosol accumulation for a number of anthropogenic elements are high because of the low values of their deposition rates onto the cold or also snow-covered surface.The spatial distribution of anthropogenic/local origin elements in surface aerosol in Moscow is not uniform, which is associated with the specificity of the sources, the features of the underlying surfaces and the wind regimes in different regions of the metropolis. The maximal &#8203;&#8203;element concentrations are in the central region of the city, in densely built-up areas and near highways with high traffic loads.Meteorological and synoptic conditions have a strong influence on the composition of the surface aerosol and its variability in Moscow. In the spring of 2020, weekly cycle of element concentrations corresponded to weather parameters. Under anticyclonic conditions, aerosol particles accumulate in the surface layer of the atmosphere. With pressure drop and humidity increase, cleaning of the atmosphere from aerosol particles occurs by washout with precipitation or by coagulation and deposition onto the surface.We tried to identify in Moscow aerosol element composition any specific features due to the restrictive measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection from 26 March 2020. On the one hand, during the lockdown, there is a decrease in anthropogenic (especially transport) emissions to the city atmosphere. On the other hand, a number of chemical elements should be added into the environment during the disinfection of soils and streets. So far, insufficient data does not allow us to make any determined conclusions. To detect defined changes in aerosol composition, it is necessary to compare with measurement data in other seasons (to take into account intra-annual variations) and in other years (without restrictive and disinfection measures).The work has financial support from RFBR, projects 19-05-00352 and 19-05-50088.

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