scholarly journals Metatext operator “to put it mildly”: the specificity of functionality

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Enshuai Liu ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Sheremetyeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Operator Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
The One ◽  
National Corpus

The object of this research is the introductory-modal phrase “to put it mildly”, viewed in pragmatic aspect. From the perspective of pragmatics, this phrase fulfills the function of metatext operator that forms the speaker's reflection towards their utterance. The unit “to put it mildly” is a typical meta-operator, as it includes a locutionary verb. The goal of this research is to determine the specificity of the phrase “to put it mildly” in carrying out the meta-operator function, as well as to establish its typical contexts and lexical compatibility. The research material was collected based on the Russian National Corpus using the method of continuous sampling. The author reveals that the phrase “to put it mildly” as a meta-operator combines two opposite functions: on the one hand, softens the extreme of the utterance, while on the other hand – enhances negative assessment of the fact of reality. Moreover, as the development of these functions, it acquires the ability to attribute the properties of contextual euphemism to the commented nomination. The indicated functional specificity is closely related to the lexical compatibility of meta-operator and the types of contexts. Most frequent contexts imply negation formed with the particle / prefix NOT. The lexical compatibility of meta-operator is predetermined by the aspects of speaker’s assessment of the facts of surrounding reality. The article describes most frequent aspects of such assessment. The acquired results may be applied in teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as in lexicographic practice for creating metadata dictionary.

scholarly journals Adjective complementation patterns and judgement: Aligning lexical-grammatical and discourse-semantic approaches in appraisal research

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Su ◽  
Susan Hunston
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The One ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This study takes a lexical-grammatical approach to exploring the evaluation of human behaviour and/or character. It uses adjective complementation patterns as the starting point to examine the lexical-grammatical resources at risk in the appraisal system of judgement, aiming to explore the extent to which we can arrive at the same categorization of the resources realizing judgement if a formal or lexical-grammatical approach, rather than a discourse-semantic one, is taken. Using a corpus compiled of texts categorized as ‘Biography’ in the British National Corpus, the study, on the one hand, shows that most of the items identified can be very satisfactorily classified in terms posited in the judgement system, suggesting that the nomenclature from that model is useful. On the other hand, a considerable number of items have also been identified which construe attitudes towards emotional types of personality traits, leading to the proposal of a potentially useful new judgement category and further an adjusted system of judgement. The heuristic potential of aligning the lexical-grammatical and discourse-semantic approaches to appraisal is further discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of motivation of the Russian and Chinese terms (based on the material of linguistic terminology)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Yalun' Tsi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Linguistic

One of the paramount peculiarities of the Chinese terms is their sinicization. Sinicization of the term is often viewed a translation and adaptation of foreign language terms to the specifics of Chinese language. This implies that the new word is being rooted in the Chinese “soil” and subsequently recognized as Chinese native. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology. The goal is to compare the motivation of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology and determine the influencing factors. The research material was collected from the Dacihai Dictionary and the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary, and consists of more than 6,000 terminological units. The article employs the methods of description, comparison, and continuous sampling. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the factors that influence the motivation of Chinese linguistic terminology, as well as in its comparison with Russian linguistic terminology. The conclusion is made that Chinese terms have stronger motivation than Russian terms. On the one hand, Chinese characters are the ideograms that convey the thought in a motivational form, and offer more opportunities for increasing semantic transparency. On the other hand, the syllabic characteristics of Chinese language limit the possibility of transliteration of foreign words. With the exception of proper names, the Chinese terminology features a very few transliterated or partially transliterated terms.

scholarly journals Multilingualism is a trend in the development of modern Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Venera Kubieva ◽  
Aelita Sagiyeva ◽  
Aelita Sagiyeva ◽  
Zamira Salimgerey ◽  
Mira Baiseitova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
State Language

The development years of sovereign Kazakhstan show that polylingualism in the society not only infringes on the rights and dignity of the Kazakh language but also creates necessary conditions for its development and progress. According to the state program for language development, three languages' priority has been approved: Kazakh, Russian, and English. In addition to Kazakh as the State language and Russian as the language of inter-ethnic communication, English is an essential means of communication. The most important strategic task of Education in Kazakhstan is, on the one hand, to preserve the best Kazakh educational traditions and, on the other hand, to provide school leavers with international qualifications and develop their linguistic consciousness, based on mastering the State, native and foreign languages. Meanwhile, as specified in the concept of language policy of RK, the main difficulty in further realization of language policy in Kazakhstan is "creation of optimum language space of the state". On the other hand, we are talking about a professional gap in specialists' training, studying Russian and Kazakh language. Our study used the following methods: UNT 2015-2019, a survey of 1st-year students of ARGU named after K. Zhubanov. The results of the study can be used to develop a methodological complex for training foreign language teachers.

scholarly journals El vídeo, el cómic y el rap: una forma diferente de desbloquear al candidato del DELE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Battagliero Bocco ◽  
José Vicente Fontana Oltra ◽  
Marta Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Do So

Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es trabajar y reforzar las destrezas y competencias necesarias para aprobar el Diploma de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Para ello, se planteará una serie de recursos que buscan desbloquear al estudiante en un ambiente distendido, sobre todo los días previos al examen. La propuesta se centrará en la Prueba de Expresión e Interacción Orales, concretamente en la tarea 3 del nivel B1 y en la tarea 2 del nivel B2, que corresponden a la descripción de una fotografía. Se empleará, por una parte, un vídeo de carácter estático (donde el interlocutor no expresa movimientos corporales pronunciados) y por otra, cómics de Argentina que a su vez servirán para ampliar el léxico en la variante rioplatense. Por último, se tratará el uso del rap como herramienta para mejorar la pronunciación, entonación y el empleo del lenguaje no verbal. Palabras claves: DELE, vídeo, cómic, rap. Abstract: The purpose of the following essay is to train and to strengthen the skills and the competences required to pass the “Spanish as a Foreign Language Certificate”. In order to do so, we will first consider various resources which aim to release students from any kind of stress by setting up a relaxed atmosphere – especially a few days before the exam. The focus of the present essay has to be linked to the Expression and Oral Interaction tests and above all to the assignments 3 (B1 level) and 2 (B2 level), and their picture descriptions. On the one hand, we will use a static video and, on the other hand, we will tackle Argentinian comics in order to expand students’ knowledge of the Río de la Plata lexicon. Finally, we will deal with the use of rap as a tool to improve pronunciation, intonation, and non-verbal communication.Key words: DELE, video, comic, rap.

scholarly journals Text-Forming Function of Addition in the Later Stories of V. G. Lidin

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
K. Ya. Seagal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Syntactic Form ◽  
Compositional Semantic ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semantic Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

The subject of analysis is addition as a phenomenon of language and speech, as well as the specificity of the text-forming function of addition in artistic and speech creativity. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that until now in the theory of syntax there is no generally accepted view of the essence of addition and how it is produced in speech, and it is also not considered that the text-forming function of addition is unique in different speech spheres, in particular in artistic speech creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that addition is presented as a special syntactic form, characterized by its semantics and formally constructive organization and determining the assumptions and limitations of its speech implementation. The dual manifestation of the text-forming function of attachment in artistic and speech creativity is shown. The research material is based on the late stories of V. G. Lidin, included in the collection “Melting Snows” (1980): this writer, whose metapoetics is characterized by close attention to syntax, used addition with extraordinary skill.  When analyzing addition constructions in three stories, it was found that the addition is produced intentionally, counting on a textual perspective. It has been established that the text-forming function of addition is manifested in the organization of compositional-semantic communication on the one hand, and in the creation of an artistic detail on the other hand.

scholarly journals Exploring the Benefits of ACMC for Speaking Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Pino James
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Oral Development ◽  
The One

Currently, language educators experience difficulties in facilitatingoral practice effectively in the foreign language classroom. Regularly,they face introverted and passive learners who fail to embracespeaking opportunities (Poza, 2011), or simply do not find the time topromote speaking practice in the classroom (Meddings & Thornbury,2009). In this light, many asynchronous computer mediatedcommunication (ACMC) technologies have emerged to confront thissituation. However, central research studies do not seem toacknowledge ACMC as viable in accommodating oral development but,rather, frequently attribute this merit to synchronous CMC (Levy &Stockwell, 2006; Kervin & Derewianka, 2011). By employing a mixedmethodsapproach, this small-scale case study examines, firstly, theextent to which ACMC speaking practices are suitable for languagelearners’ speaking development. Secondly, and by extension, itinvestigates the salient characteristics of the ACMC toolmyBrainshark, that makes it appropriate for fostering linguisticgrowth. The data is obtained from post-beginner Spanish languagelearners by means of an online questionnaire and an online structuredstimulated recall. The findings show, on the one hand, that ACMC oralpractices can be beneficial in developing speaking aspects in lowerproficiencylanguage learners and, on the other hand, thatmyBrainshark has characteristics that can potentially promotelinguistic development. Finally, this paper calls for experimentalresearch on the improvement of oral competency in post-beginner andhigher-proficiency learners.

scholarly journals El vídeo, el cómic y el rap: una forma diferente de desbloquear al candidato del DELE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Battagliero Bocco ◽  
José Vicente Fontana Oltra ◽  
Marta Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Do So

Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es trabajar y reforzar las destrezas y competencias necesarias para aprobar el Diploma de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Para ello, se planteará una serie de recursos que buscan desbloquear al estudiante en un ambiente distendido, sobre todo los días previos al examen. La propuesta se centrará en la Prueba de Expresión e Interacción Orales, concretamente en la tarea 3 del nivel B1 y en la tarea 2 del nivel B2, que corresponden a la descripción de una fotografía. Se empleará, por una parte, un vídeo de carácter estático (donde el interlocutor no expresa movimientos corporales pronunciados) y por otra, cómics de Argentina que a su vez servirán para ampliar el léxico en la variante rioplatense. Por último, se tratará el uso del rap como herramienta para mejorar la pronunciación, entonación y el empleo del lenguaje no verbal. Palabras claves: DELE, vídeo, cómic, rap. Abstract: The purpose of the following essay is to train and to strengthen the skills and the competences required to pass the “Spanish as a Foreign Language Certificate”. In order to do so, we will first consider various resources which aim to release students from any kind of stress by setting up a relaxed atmosphere – especially a few days before the exam. The focus of the present essay has to be linked to the Expression and Oral Interaction tests and above all to the assignments 3 (B1 level) and 2 (B2 level), and their picture descriptions. On the one hand, we will use a static video and, on the other hand, we will tackle Argentinian comics in order to expand students’ knowledge of the Río de la Plata lexicon. Finally, we will deal with the use of rap as a tool to improve pronunciation, intonation, and non-verbal communication.Key words: DELE, video, comic, rap.

scholarly journals Strategie grzecznościowe w akcie mowy KONDOLENCJE (na materiale polsko- i niemieckojęzycznym)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2/2020(771)) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Dominika Janus
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

CONDOLENCE, as an act of courtesy, belongs to acts of speech which might give rise to face threatening acts (FTA) and the resulting confl icts. On the one hand, the face of the mourner, who must fi nd his or her way in the new extremely diffi cult situation, is threatened; on the other hand, the face of the speaker, whose task is to react properly to the fact of someone’s death, is threatened. What is helpful in avoiding confl icts is politeness strategies used by both senders and recipients. They constitute the research material excerpted from Polish and German obituaries and entries in books of condolence. The author of this paper has proved that both parties signalise there both positive politeness, which arises from the need of appreciation and support, and negative politeness, which is connected with the need of unlimited autonomy of acting. The nature of the performed analysis is pragmalinguistic and is based on the politeness theory of P. Brown and S.C. Levinson [1987], the focus of which is the concept of face understood as an image or representation.

scholarly journals The Slaughter of Kachru’s Five Sacred Cows in Brazil: Affordances of the Use of English as an International Language

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyria Finardi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
International Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Divide

<em>This paper reflects about a change in paradigm regarding the role of English in Brazil relating it to Kachru’s notion of the slaughter of the five sacred cows of English. So as to foreground this reflection the study reviews the role of English materialized in language policies in Brazil suggesting that there is a gap between people’s views of and language policies regarding the role of English in that country. The analysis of language policies in Brazil also suggests that English is seen as a foreign language on the one hand, in public schools, and as an international language on the other hand, in private language institutes. Based on the analysis of language policies in Brazil the study suggests that these two divergent views of English create a social divide between those who can afford to learn English and those who cannot. The study concludes that one possible way to slaughter Kachru’s five sacred cows of English in Brazil so as to enable the change of paradigm regarding the role of English in that country is to adopt a view of English as an international language.</em>

scholarly journals Translation as communication and auto-communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-397
Author(s):  
Peeter Torop
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Language Text

If one wants to understand translation, it is necessary to look at all its aspects from the psychological to the ideological. And it is necessary to see the process of translation, on the one hand, as a complex of interlinguistic, intralinguistic, and intersemiotic translations, and on the other hand, as a complex of linguistic, cultural, economic, and ideological activities. Translators work at the boundaries of languages, cultures, and societies. They position themselves between the poles of specificity and adaptation in accordance with the strategies of their translational behaviour. They either preserve the otherness of the other or they transform the other into self. By the same token, they cease to be simple mediators, because in a semiotic sense they are capable of generating new languages for the description of a foreign language, text, or culture, and of renewing a culture or of having an influence on the dialogic capacity of a culture with other cultures as well as with itself. In this way, translators work not only with natural languages but also with metalanguages, languages of description. One of the missions of the translator is to increase the receptivity and dialogic capability of a culture, and through these also the internal variety of that culture. As mediators between languages, translators are important creators of new metalanguages.

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