Physical Properties of Concrete Made with Apollo 16 Lunar Soil Sample

Soil sample physical properties can be greatly affected during soil sampling procedures. Improper procedures can impose modifications on soil sample structure and consequently lead to wrong measurements of soil properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the damage caused by soil samplers to soil structure through the analysis of computed tomography (CT) images. A first generation tomograph was used, having a 241Am source and a 7.62 × 7.62 cm NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal detector coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Results confirm the effect of soil sampler devices on the structure of soil samples, and that the compaction caused during sampling causes significant alterations to soil bulk density. Through the use of CT it was possible to determine the level of compaction and to make a detailed analysis of the soil bulk density distribution within the soil sample.

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Extraterrestrial Photosynthesis by Chang’E-5 Lunar Soil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1045138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yingfang Yao ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Xi Zhu ◽

Wenguang Tu ◽

Yong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Life Support ◽

Lunar Soil ◽

Product Distribution ◽

The Moon ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Deep Space Exploration ◽

Wide Range ◽

Photosynthesis Pathway ◽

Lunar Soil Sample

Abstract In light of significant effort conducted to manned deep space exploration, it is of high technological importance and scientific interest to develop the lunar life supporting system for long-term exploration and exploitation. And lunar in situ resource utilization offers great opportunity to provide the material basis of life supporting for lunar habitation and traveling. Based on the analysis of the structure and composition, the Chang’E-5 lunar soil sample was used for lunar-surface solar energy conversion, i.e. the extraterrestrial photosynthesis catalysts. By evaluating the performance of the Chang’E-5 lunar sample as photovoltaic-driven electrocatalyst, photocatalyst and photothermal catalysts, the full water splitting and CO2 conversion are able to be achieved with solar energy, water and lunar soil, with a wide range of product distribution, including O2, H2, CO, CH4 and CH3OH. Thus, we propose a potentially available extraterrestrial photosynthesis pathway on the moon, which could help us to achieve a ‘zero-energy consumption’ environment and life support system on the moon.

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Experimental study on the basic physical properties of diesel contaminated soil

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016502008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 02008

Author(s):

Xiaohong He ◽

Fan Liu ◽

Guang Li ◽

Hai Lu

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Sample ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Great Influence ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Plastic Limit ◽

Limit Test

In order to study the change of the properties of petroleum contaminated soil, the samples of diesel contaminated soil with different degrees of pollution were prepared manually, and their basic physical properties were tested through the particle test, specific gravity test and liquid plastic limit test. The results show that the diesel oil has a great influence on the particle size composition of soil, and the diesel oil makes the content of silt decrease, while the clay increase obviously; the specific gravity of soil sample decreases with the increase of oil content, and it is smaller than the proportion of unpolluted soil sample; the influence of diesel oil on the liquid-plastic limit of soil is different, the plastic limit of soil decreases with the increase of oil content, and the liquid limit increases first at a certain oil content, it reaches a peak value and then decreases.

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LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR WATER-PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник Меліорація і водне господарство ◽

10.31073/mivg201902-193 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 199-208

Author(s):

M. I. Romashchenko ◽

S. S. Kolomiets ◽

A. S. Bilobrova

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Sample ◽

Soil Water ◽

Pore Space ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Moisture Capacity ◽

Capillary Hysteresis ◽

Soil Pore Space

Actuality of the problem. Irrigation has become a determining factor in the formation of bioproduction processes of new agricultural crop varieties and hybrids due to global climate change for all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. Moreover, irrigation efficiency is determined to a significant degree by the reliability of the soil water-physical properties. The purpose of comprehensive hydrophysical studies was to determine the basic soil water-physical properties and constants necessary to create favorable soil regimes of reclaimed lands, and to do the mathematical modeling of the soil water regime. Complex laboratory hydrophysical tests of soil samples of undisturbed structure make it possible to determine hydrophysical functions for each soil sample: water holding capacity, water conductivity and water-physical constants of full and minimum moisture capacity, wilting moisture and maximum hygroscopic moisture, which can be determined on the same soil sample located on the same soil desorption curve from full moisture capacity to maximum hygroscopic humidity. The primary saturation of the soil sample under vacuum to full moisture capacity provides a single curve of water retention capacity taking into account structural macroporosity, which is the main feature of this technique. The resulting capillary hysteresis loop has the algorithm: fast nonequilibrium desorption from full moisture capacity and slow equilibrium sorption enables to build a differential curve of the distribution of pore volume over radii, characterizing the structure of the soil pore space. These structural characteristics are sensitive to soil processes, which determine the direction of epigenetic changes in the structure of the soil pore space and the direction of evolution of the soil matrix. The threshold of structural soil macroporosity formation is established from the loop of capillary hysteresis by the ratio of meniscus radii exceeding . Conclusions. The proposed system of soil laboratory diagnostics has advantages over the existing diagnostic methods and significantly increases the information content of complex hydrophysical tests, provides qualitatively new information on soils and provides mathematical modeling with the necessary parameters of mass transfer processes in moisture-saturated soils of the aeration zone.

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The Photometric Properties of the Ap Stars

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080684 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 365-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Hauck

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Ap Stars

The Ap stars are numerous - the photometric systems tool It would be very tedious to review in detail all that which is in the literature concerning the photometry of the Ap stars. In my opinion it is necessary to examine the problem of the photometric properties of the Ap stars by considering first of all the possibility of deriving some physical properties for the Ap stars, or of detecting new ones. My talk today is prepared in this spirit. The classification by means of photoelectric photometric systems is at the present time very well established for many systems, such as UBV, uvbyβ, Vilnius, Geneva and DDO systems. Details and methods of classification can be found in Golay (1974) or in the proceedings of the Albany Colloquium edited by Philip and Hayes (1975).

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The Infection of Cells by Bullet-Shaped Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063779 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 372-373

Author(s):

Frederick A. Murphy ◽

Alyne K. Harrison ◽

Sylvia G. Whitfield

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Host Cell ◽

Thin Section ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Cell Infection ◽

Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽

Section Electron ◽

Section Electron Microscopy

The bullet-shaped viruses are currently classified together on the basis of similarities in virion morphology and physical properties. Biologically and ecologically the member viruses are extremely diverse. In searching for further bases for making comparisons of these agents, the nature of host cell infection, both in vivo and in cultured cells, has been explored by thin-section electron microscopy.

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Transmission electron microscopy of composite materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107125 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 1012-1015

Author(s):

K.P.D. Lagerlof

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Structural Composites ◽

Multiphase Materials ◽

Structural Reinforcement ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reinforced Fiber ◽

Particulate Reinforced Composites ◽

Definition Of

Although most materials contain more than one phase, and thus are multiphase materials, the definition of composite materials is commonly used to describe those materials containing more than one phase deliberately added to obtain certain desired physical properties. Composite materials are often classified according to their application, i.e. structural composites and electronic composites, but may also be classified according to the type of compounds making up the composite, i.e. metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramie and metal/semiconductor composites. For structural composites it is also common to refer to the type of structural reinforcement; whisker-reinforced, fiber-reinforced, or particulate reinforced composites [1-4].For all types of composite materials, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the observed physical properties, and it is therefore vital to properly characterize the microstructure. The interfaces separating the different phases comprising the composite are of particular interest to understand. In structural composites the interface is often the weakest part, where fracture will nucleate, and in electronic composites structural defects at or near the interface will affect the critical electronic properties.

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