New methods for the conversion of solar energy to R. F. and laser power

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FREEMAN ◽  
W. COLSON ◽  
S. SIMONS
Keyword(s):  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
I. Pelece ◽  
P. Shipkovs

Abstract Solar energy is used not only at low latitudes, where it is available at large amounts, but also at higher latitudes, where height of sun and irradiance are significantly lower. On the other hand, the length of day at higher latitudes is longer in summer than at low latitudes, and also the path of the sun is longer. The present research deals with seeking for new shapes of solar collectors capable of receiving more solar energy. For designing and evaluating new shapes of solar collectors, it is necessary to have new methods for simple calculations of energy received from the sun by surface of any shape and direction. Such a method is explained in the present paper. Based on calculations by the proposed method, a new form of solar collector – a cylindrical collector – has been worked out. This collector is intended for air heating, but main principles can also be used for water heating, and even for photovoltaics. A cylindrical collector receives more energy in the morning and evening than a flat one, but at midday power of both collectors is equal, if effective areas are equal. Daily energy sum of the cylindrical solar collector is 1.5 times greater than that of the flat one.


2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Evgenii S. Khristoforov ◽  
◽  
Konstantin K. Il’kovskii ◽  

Technologies for converting solar energy into electrical energy are constantly improved, new methods of using solar energy are emerging in order to increase efficiency and save space. One of such methods is application of special buoyancy modules and restraints systems for installing solar power plants in water basins. The main technologies and operation principle of floating solar power plants (SPP) are described. Advantages and disadvantages of using floating solar power plants in comparison with ground-based solar power plants are listed and substantiated. Assessment of potential of installing floating SPP at hydroelectric power plants (HPP) in Russia is given. Prospects for the use of floating SPP in open water areas are discussed and examples of such projects are listed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Everton Carlos Soares ◽  
Paula Paganini Costa

A necessidade da descoberta, da melhoria e da implantação de novos métodos de obtenção de energia é uma realidade do planeta e vem sendo sanada e aprofundada através de contínuas pesquisas por profissionais dos campos energéticos, as pesquisas se intensificam com o intuito na busca de métodos sustentáveis e não poluentes que agridam cada vez menos o planeta. A geração de energia fotovoltaica vem se consolidando satisfatoriamente em vista dos demais meios de obtenção de energia, devido depender primordialmente na energia solar, item abundante e inesgotável no planeta. Devido ao clima em que está inserido o Brasil é um país com grande perspectiva de crescimento dos meios fotovoltaicos, depende de incentivos no que tange aos equipamentos, tais como, módulos e placas necessários na implementação, para isso é necessário um maior conhecimento quanto a viabilidade, quanto aos componentes envolvidos na instalação e aos métodos de implementação adequados a cada situação, porém de maneira geral foi observado que no Brasil a longo prazo os meios fotovoltaicos são indicados e apresentam resultados satisfatórios tanto em aspectos econômicos quanto em meios sustentáveis.   Palavras-chave: Energéticos. Fotovoltaica. Módulos. Pesquisas. Sustentáveis.   Abstract The need for the discovery, improvement and implementation of new methods of obtaining energy is a reality of the planet and has been healed and deepened through continuous research by professionals in the energy fields, the researchers are intensifies with the intention of searching for sustainable and non-polluting methods that attack less and less the planet. The generation of photovoltaic energy has been consolidating satisfactorily in view of the other ways of obtaining energy due to depend primarily on solar energy, an abundant and inexhaustible item on the planet. Due to the climate in which Brazil is inserted is a country with great perspective of growth of the photovoltaic means, depends on incentives in terms of equipment, such as modules and boards required in the implementation for this, a greater knowledge about the feasibility, the components involved in the installation and the implementation methods appropriate to each situation is necessary, but in general it was observed that in Brazil in the long term the photovoltaic media are indicated and present satisfactory results both in economic aspects and in sustainable means.   Keywords: Energy. Photovoltaic. Modules. Researches. Sustainable.


2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemalettin Büyükakın ◽  
Semiha Öztuna

Drying is an energy intensive process. Through out all industrial processes, 15% of total energy is used for drying processes. Moreover, 60% of used energy is wasted for only drying for any industrial process including drying process because of using conventional drying systems. Since a few decades, energy decrease in the world has been forcing the industry to find new methods to reduce the energy consumption. One of these methods is the use of solar energy. Solar energy can be used very effectively for drying processes in case the system is designed and analysed properly. In this study, effective parameters of a solar water heating system on a predesigned drying kiln is investigated and the proper combinations of parameters of the system are determined according to drying temperature obtained.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Knighton ◽  
Lohona Soro ◽  
Laura Frances-Soriano ◽  
Aurora Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Guillaume Pilet ◽  
...  

Upconversion nanoparticles have led to various breakthrough applications in solar energy conversion, imaging, and biomedicine. One key impediment is the facilitation of such processes at the molecular scale in solution where quenching effects are much more pronounced. In this work we explore, for the first time, molecular solution-state cooperative luminescence (CL) upconversion arising from a Yb excited state and investigate the mechanistic origin behind cooperative sensitisation (CS) upconversion in Yb/ Tb systems. Counterintuitively, the best UC performances were obtained for Yb/Tb ratios close to parity, resulting in the brightest molecular upconversion complexes with an unprecedented quantum yield of 2.8 × 10-6 at a low laser power density of 2.86 W/cm2.


1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.


Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.


Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.


Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.


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