Diversity Dynamics of Callovian-Albian Brachiopods in the Northern Caucasus (Northern Neo-Tethys) and a Jurassic/Cretaceous Mass Extinction

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

scholarly journals The early wasp plucks the flower: disparate extant diversity of sawfly superfamilies (Hymenoptera: ‘Symphyta’) may reflect asynchronous switching to angiosperm hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tommi Nyman ◽  
Renske E Onstein ◽  
Daniele Silvestro ◽  
Saskia Wutke ◽  
Andreas Taeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Asynchronous Switching ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Diversity Dynamics ◽  
Herbivore Communities

AbstractThe insect order Hymenoptera originated during the Permian nearly 300 Mya. Ancestrally herbivorous hymenopteran lineages today make up the paraphyletic suborder ‘Symphyta’, which encompasses c. 8200 species with very diverse host-plant associations. We use phylogeny-based statistical analyses to explore the drivers of diversity dynamics within the ‘Symphyta’, with a particular focus on the hypothesis that diversification of herbivorous insects has been driven by the explosive radiation of angiosperms during and after the Cretaceous. Our ancestral-state estimates reveal that the first symphytans fed on gymnosperms, and that shifts onto angiosperms and pteridophytes – and back – have occurred at different time intervals in different groups. Trait-dependent analyses indicate that average net diversification rates do not differ between symphytan lineages feeding on angiosperms, gymnosperms or pteridophytes, but trait-independent models show that the highest diversification rates are found in a few angiosperm-feeding lineages that may have been favoured by the radiations of their host taxa during the Cenozoic. Intriguingly, lineages-through-time plots show signs of an early Cretaceous mass extinction, with a recovery starting first in angiosperm-associated clades. Hence, the oft-invoked assumption of herbivore diversification driven by the rise of flowering plants may overlook a Cretaceous global turnover in insect herbivore communities during the rapid displacement of gymnosperm- and pteridophyte-dominated floras by angiosperms.

scholarly journals Did plate tectonics control the generic diversity of Jurassic brachiopods? One point of view

Geologos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Plate Tectonic ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Swiss Jura ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

Abstract Possible plate tectonic controls on faunal diversity dynamics have been discussed in the geological literature for around 50 years. The new model of plate tectonic processes is here linked to Jurassic generic diversity (simple α-diversity) of brachiopods. This comparison offers three observations, four hypotheses and three unresolved issues. Most importantly, changes in the global plate root mean square speed coincided with brachiopod diversity dynamics, which can be explained hypothetically by either environmental disturbance triggered by more active plate motion or activity of any process (such as eustasy) tied to plate tectonic mechanisms and with an impact on marine benthic communities. It is also established that global generic diversity dynamics of brachiopods during the Jurassic coincided with the regional picture as established for the Northern Caucasus and the Swiss Jura Alps; this coincidence is difficult to explain with regard to plate tectonics. These and other speculative considerations do not clarify the role of the plate tectonic factor in Jurassic generic diversity dynamics of brachiopods, and, thus, they indicate important issues for further research.

Permian–Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary?

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conghui Xiong ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Diversity Dynamics ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Diversity dynamics of the Permian–Triassic land plants in South China are studied by analyzing paleobotanical data. Our results indicate that the total diversity of land-plant megafossil genera and species across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB) of South China underwent a progressive decline from the early Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) to the Early-Middle Triassic. In contrast, the diversity of land-plant microfossil genera exhibited only a small fluctuation across the PTB of South China, showing an increase at the PTB. Overall, land plants across the PTB of South China show a greater stability in diversity dynamics than marine faunas. The highest extinction rate (90.91%) and the lowest origination rate (18.18%) of land-plant megafossil genera occurred at the early Early Triassic (Induan), but the temporal duration of the higher genus extinction rates (>60%) in land plants was about 23.4 Myr, from the Wuchiapingian to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian), which is longer than that of the coeval marine faunas (3–11 Myr). Moreover, the change of genus turnover rates in land-plant megafossils steadily fluctuated from the late Early Permian to the Late Triassic. More stable diversity and turnover rate as well as longer extinction duration suggest that land plants near the PTB of South China may have been involved in a gradual floral reorganization and evolutionary replacement rather than a mass extinction like those in the coeval marine faunas.

scholarly journals Taxonomic diversity dynamics of early cretaceous brachiopods and gastropods in the Azerbaijanian domains of the Lesser Caucasus (Neo-Tethys Ocean)

2014 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Tectonic Zones ◽  
Tethys Ocean ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Marine Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

Palaeontological data available from the Azerbaijanian domains (Somkhit-Agdam, Sevan-Karabakh, and Miskhan-Kafan tectonic zones) of the Lesser Caucasus permit reconstruction of the regional taxonomic diversity dynamics of two groups of Early Cretaceous marine benthic invertebrates. Stratigraphical ranges of 31 species and 14 genera of brachiopods and 40 species and 31 genera of gastropods are considered. The total number of species and genera of brachiopods was low in the Berriasian-Valanginian and then rose to peak in the Barremian. Then, the diversity declined in the Aptian, and brachiopods are not known regionally from the Albian. Gastropods appeared in the Hauterivian and experienced a strong radiation in the Barremian. The diversity of species and genera declined in the Aptian (with a minor radiation in the Middle Aptian), and no gastropods are reported from the Albian. Globally, the number of brachiopod genera remained stable through the Early Cretaceous, and the number of gastropod genera increased stepwise with the maximum in the Albian. The regional and global patterns of the diversity dynamics differed for the both groups of marine benthic invertebrates. The Barremian maximum of the taxonomic diversity coincided with the regional flourishing of reefal ecosystems. The taxonomic diversity dynamics of brachiopods in the Azerbaijanian domains of the Lesser Caucasus is very similar to those of the Northern Caucasus, which is an evidence of proximity of these regions during the Early Cretaceous.

Coal-fired trigger of mass extinction

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction

An Expert Ranked List of Pro-nature Conservation Behaviours for Public Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Barbett ◽  
Edward Stupple ◽  
Michael Sweet ◽  
Miles Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranked List

The planet is facing an anthropogenic mass extinction of wildlife, which will have a grave impact on the environment and humans. Widespread human action is needed to minimize the negative impact of humans on biodiversity and support the restoration of wildlife. In order to find effective ways to promote pro-nature conservation behaviours to the general population, there is a need to provide a list of behaviours which will have worthwhile ecological impact and are worth encouraging. In a novel collaboration between psychologists and ecologists, 70 experts from practical and academic conservation backgrounds were asked to review and rate 48 conservation related behaviours. According to their judgement, this short paper presents a ranked list of pro-nature conservation behaviours for the public in the UK and similar landscapes. This includes behaviours people can engage in in their homes, their gardens, on their land, and in their roles as citizens.

First record of the little-known species Psychidea alba (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from the Northern Caucasus

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Lovtsova
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
First Time

Psychidea alba Solanikov, 1990, previously known only from Ukraine and Volgograd Province of Russia, has been found for the first time in the Northern Caucasus (Krasnodar and Stavropol territories).

Selection of china plum varieties (Prunus salicina lindl.) for use in modern plantings of the northern caucasus foothill zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. E. Dedova
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the results of two years of research (2018-2019) of the most important phonological phases of seasonal growth and development, biometric parameters, productivity and economic efficiency of new varieties of Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) grown in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in the Krymsk district of Krasnodar territory on a plot of the Krymsk experimental breeding station – branch of VIR. As a result of research, the varieties Angeleno, Black Star, Byron Gold, Black Amber, Larry Ann and Sun Gold were recommended for cultivation using intensive technologies.

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