scholarly journals Comparison Study of Cultural Layers Preservation at the Moiltyn Am Site (Central Mongolia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Daria V. Marchenko ◽  
Arina M. Khatsenovich ◽  
Evgeny P. Rybin ◽  
Dashzeveg Bazargur ◽  
Gunchinsuren Byambaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Cultural Layers

Archaeological sites with unclear conditions of sediment accumulation and stratigraphic disturbances are always complicated to research. Usually other sites in the region with better preservation of cultural layers helps to understand and divide them into cultural chronological stages. However lack of such sites results in the need to find other approaches and research methods to study stratigraphic positions of cultural horizons. Purpose. This article considers approaches and methods and their application to estimate the preservation of cultural layers at the Upper Paleolithic site of Moiltyn Am in Central Mongolia. Results. The authors analyzed positions of artifacts from layers 1.2, 2, 3 and 4. Indexes of layer 1.2 fall within the value range, characteristic to rockfall. Layers 2 and 3 are also close to rockfall, but the level of isotropy falls outside the limits of its range. Layer 4 is closer to the range of solifluction. Conclusions. The authors correlated lithological divisions, revealed in 2018–2019, and stratigraphic units, that previous researchers divided and described. Sediments of Layer 4 were accumulated under the solifluction process and went through post-sedimentological disturbances, that also impacted the underlying layers. Layers 2 and 3 were formed under drier conditions.

scholarly journals Dry Creek Revisited: New Excavations, Radiocarbon Dates, and Site Formation Inform on the Peopling of Eastern Beringia

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Graf ◽  
Lyndsay M. DiPietro ◽  
Kathryn E. Krasinski ◽  
Angela K. Gore ◽  
Heather L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Features

The multicomponent Dry Creek site, located in the Nenana Valley, central Alaska, is arguably one of the most important archaeological sites in Beringia. Original work in the 1970s identified two separate cultural layers, called Components 1 and 2, thought to date to the terminal Pleistocene and suggesting that the site was visited by Upper Paleolithic huntergatherers between about 13,000 and 12,000 calendar years before present (cal B.P.). The oldest of these became the typeassemblage for the Nenana complex. Recently, some have questioned the geoarchaeological integrity of the site's early deposits, suggesting that the separated cultural layers resulted from natural postdepositional disturbances. In 2011, we revisited Dry Creek to independently assess the site's age and formation. Here we present our findings and reaffirm original interpretations of clear separation of two terminal Pleistocene cultural occupations. For the first time, we report direct radiocarbon dates on cultural features associated with both occupation zones, one dating to 13,485-13,305 and the other to 11,060-10,590 cal B.P.

scholarly journals BARMAKY SITE IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGRAVETTIAN OF THE MIDDLE DNIEPER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
V. P. Chabai ◽  
D. V. Stupak ◽  
A. P. Veselsky ◽  
D. V. Dudnyk
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
Fauna Composition

The Upper Paleolithic site Barmaky, 2nd cultural layer from Volyhnia-Lublin upland is the most western manifestation of Epigravettian of the Mid Dnieper basin. During several field campaigns the 147 m2 of cultural deposits with three pits and one chalk / marl concentration were studied (fig. 1). The silty-loess deposits of Barmaky, 2 accumulated about 19 kyr cal BP (table 1) under the permafrost conditions. The fauna assemblage is represented by: mammoths, bison, reindeer, red deer, horse, bear, wolf, wolverine, polar fox, fox and hare. More than 100 thousand artifacts were recovered during the last two field campaigns. In essential account (without chips, chunks, unidentifiable debitage), the artifacts assemblage is represented by: cores and pre-cores — 0.87 %; flakes — 45.23; blades — 17.34; bladelets — 14.27; micro-blades — 7.34; burin spalls — 8.08; tools — 6.79 % (table 2). The reduction sequences are based on the flaking of uni-, bidirectional sub-cylindrical and narrow flaking surface unidirectional cores for blades and bladelets (table 3; fig. 2). There is no evidence of micro-blade technology implication. The structure of tool-kit is characterized by the dominance of burins — about 50 %; microliths — 25 %; and truncated pieces — about 18 % (table 4). The rest of tool classes are represented by a few percentages each. Among them are the end-scrapers on blades with truncated base (fig. 3). The most part of burins are represented by pieces made on obliquely truncated blades (table 5; fig. 4). Also, the obliquely truncated blades dominate the truncated pieces assemblage (table 6; fig. 5). The most representative type of microliths is the micro-points with abruptly retouched straight back and obliquely retouched base (table 7; fig. 6). The points, pendants, bracelet fragment made on tusk and perforated fossil marine shells from local chalk deposits are available. The composition of microliths, burins and end-scrapers in Barmaky, 2 tool-kit is characteristic to the cultural layers beyond the dwelling structures on such base-camps as Mezhyrich (fig. 7). Also, the presences of pits and fauna composition are close to what expected from Epigravettian base-camps. The artifacts assemblage of Barmaky, 2 belongs to the Mizyn industry. Also, Barmaky, 2 is the earliest manifestation of Epigravettian in the Mid Dnieper basin.

scholarly journals Archeozoological Characteristics of the Shchapova 2 Paleolithic Site in Irkutsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
D. G. Malikov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Sizova ◽  
N. E. Berdnikova ◽  
I. M. Berdnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Steppe Bison ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Bone Remains

The paper presents the detailed results of the archaeozoological study of the large mammals from the Shchapova 2 Upper Paleolithic site located in Irkutsk. Excavations in 2019 revealed four conditionally defined horizons with archaeological and faunal material; within the studied area subaerial sediments of deluvial origin were uncovered. Layers 3 and 4 were attributed to the Karginian period (MIS 3), layer 2 to the Early Sartanian period (MIS 2), layer 1 to the Holocene (MIS 1). The largest number of bone remains was obtained from layer 4. Altogether we recognized ten taxa: Spermophilus sp., Panthera spelaea, Mammuthus primigenius, Equus sp., Coelodonta antiquitatis, Cervus elaphus, Megaloceros giganteus, Alces alces, Rangifer tarandus, Bison priscus. The species composition of Shchapova 2 site is characteristic of the Late Pleistocene of region with a predominance of horse and steppe bison, diversity of cervids and presence of woolly mammoth and rhinoceros. Most of the bones have only slightly weathered surfaces. It indicates that the bulk of the bone remains were only exposed for a short time on the surface or in the soil prior to deeper burial. The analysis of the faunal material suggests that the accumulation of bones from layers 3 and 4 took place in the hunter camp. The subsistence strategy was based primarily on two game animals: horse and steppe bison. Horses and steppe bison were killed in the immediate vicinity of the site. Sometimes red deer and moose were hunted from remote areas. Large parts of horse and steppe bison carcasses were transported from a kill and initial butchering site to a residential and consumption site. Most likely the complete and unprocessed reindeer carcasses were brought to the camp. Reindeer skull fragments found in the layer 4 indicate that the Shchapova 2 site most likely was seasonally occupied during late autumn or winter. However, due to the small amount of bones these data are preliminary. The fauna from the Upper Paleolithic site Shchapova 2 is indicative of tundra-steppe. The presence of red deer and moose remains suggests the forest in the vicinity of the site, probably represented by floodplain forests.

RESEARCH INTO MULTI-LAYERED MULTICULTURAL COMPLEXES OF UPPER PRICHUMYSHYE: SITES IN THE ULUS AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Kungurov A. ◽  
◽  
KUNGUROVA O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
The Creation

The Upper Prichumyshye is a region comprising two different orographic zones, the Biysk Chumysh highland and the Salair Ridge. Currently, it is one of the most studied archaeological microdistricts. The peculiarities of the Chumysh valley formation led to the creation of a valley-beam relief with a large number of expressive micro-valleys, capes and small tributaries. In different periods of history, the areas of the valley that were most convenient for living and implementation of appropriating and producing economy, were settled several times. The article presents materials that continue the cycle of publications devoted to the multi-layered archaeological sites of the Upper Prichumyshye (The Tselinnyi Region of the Altai Krai). The work characterizes the settlement of Ulus. This site contains cultural layers of the Upper Paleolithic era, the developed Bronze Age, the early Iron Age and the period of late antiquity. The materials are represented by stone tools, ceramics of various forms and ruined quarry burials of Andronian culture. Initially, the site was opened by the creator of the local museum v. Pobyeda P.F. Ryzhenko in the 50s of the last century. Keywords: Altai mountains, Upper Prichumyshye, archaeology, P.F. Ryzhenko, stone tools, burials, ceramics

scholarly journals Výsledky revízneho výskumu mladopaleolitickej lokality v Moravanoch nad Váhom-Podkovici (Slovenská republika)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Bibiána Hromadová ◽  
Adrián Nemergut ◽  
Laurent Klaric ◽  
Martina Moravcová Ábelová ◽  
Martin Vlačiky
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Stone Industry

The Paleolithic site in Moravany nad Váhom-Podkovica is located in the north-eastern part of the Moravian settlement area and is among the most famous Upper Paleolithic sites in Slovakia. It is a key site of the Willendorf-Kostenkian and the so-called shouldered Point Horizon in Central Europe. Despite decades of research, interest during the previous century and the numerous existing – but lost or scattered – collections, the context of the finds and the characteristics of the cultural layers remain almost unknown. Modern research methods and the absence of the relevant chrono-cultural classification of the assemblages led to reopening the field research. This research aims to review and reassess the results of older excavations, to identify the exact location of the site and the conditions of the preservation of the layers. The goal is also to collect new material suitable for multidisciplinary analysis and dating as most of the old collections have been scattered. The new excavations conducted at the site in 2016 and 2019 brought interesting results, such as a preserved anthropogenic layer with an evident structure filled with datable material. This article presents the methodology and the results of this work with a focus on the first mineralogical evaluations, the analysis of faunal remains and an overview of the stone industry.

Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 315 (5809) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Anikovich ◽  
A. A. Sinitsyn ◽  
John F. Hoffecker ◽  
Vance T. Holliday ◽  
V. V. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating ◽  
Figurative Art ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Don River

Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating and magnetic stratigraphy indicate Upper Paleolithic occupation—probably representing modern humans—at archaeological sites on the Don River in Russia 45,000 to 42,000 years ago. The oldest levels at Kostenki underlie a volcanic ash horizon identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra that is dated elsewhere to about 40,000 years ago. The occupation layers contain bone and ivory artifacts, including possible figurative art, and fossil shells imported more than 500 kilometers. Thus, modern humans appeared on the central plain of Eastern Europe as early as anywhere else in northern Eurasia.

scholarly journals A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolní Věstonice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0163019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Mittnik ◽  
Chuan-Chao Wang ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Johannes Krause
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Paleolithic Site

scholarly journals The Use of Ochre and Painting During the Upper Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura in the Context of the Development of Ochre Use in Africa and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Wolf ◽  
Nicholas J. Conard ◽  
Harald Floss ◽  
Rimtautas Dapschauskas ◽  
Elizabeth Velliky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

Abstract While the earliest evidence for ochre use is very sparse, the habitual use of ochre by hominins appeared about 140,000 years ago and accompanied them ever since. Here, we present an overview of archaeological sites in southwestern Germany, which yielded remains of ochre. We focus on the artifacts belonging exclusively to anatomically modern humans who were the inhabitants of the cave sites in the Swabian Jura during the Upper Paleolithic. The painted limestones from the Magdalenian layers of Hohle Fels Cave are a particular focus. We present these artifacts in detail and argue that they represent the beginning of a tradition of painting in Central Europe.

New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
I. D. Zolnikov ◽  
A. A. Anoikin ◽  
E. A. Filatov ◽  
A. V. Vybornov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Available Information

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.

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