New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
I. D. Zolnikov ◽  
A. A. Anoikin ◽  
E. A. Filatov ◽  
A. V. Vybornov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Available Information

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.

scholarly journals Výsledky revízneho výskumu mladopaleolitickej lokality v Moravanoch nad Váhom-Podkovici (Slovenská republika)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Bibiána Hromadová ◽  
Adrián Nemergut ◽  
Laurent Klaric ◽  
Martina Moravcová Ábelová ◽  
Martin Vlačiky
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Stone Industry

The Paleolithic site in Moravany nad Váhom-Podkovica is located in the north-eastern part of the Moravian settlement area and is among the most famous Upper Paleolithic sites in Slovakia. It is a key site of the Willendorf-Kostenkian and the so-called shouldered Point Horizon in Central Europe. Despite decades of research, interest during the previous century and the numerous existing – but lost or scattered – collections, the context of the finds and the characteristics of the cultural layers remain almost unknown. Modern research methods and the absence of the relevant chrono-cultural classification of the assemblages led to reopening the field research. This research aims to review and reassess the results of older excavations, to identify the exact location of the site and the conditions of the preservation of the layers. The goal is also to collect new material suitable for multidisciplinary analysis and dating as most of the old collections have been scattered. The new excavations conducted at the site in 2016 and 2019 brought interesting results, such as a preserved anthropogenic layer with an evident structure filled with datable material. This article presents the methodology and the results of this work with a focus on the first mineralogical evaluations, the analysis of faunal remains and an overview of the stone industry.

PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY IN THE CANADIAN INSECT FAUNA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Factors

AbstractThe diversity of the Canadian insect fauna decreases and its composition (at all taxonomic levels) changes as climates become progressively more harsh toward the north. This climatic trend dominates patterns of diversity, but many other factors interact to produce the observed patterns. In the arctic, species richness is greatest in the west. Farther south, overall species richness is greatest in the west (especially British Columbia), associated with coastal and cordilleran habitats, and to a somewhat smaller degree in the southeast (especially Ontario), associated with deciduous forests and particularly with transitional forests which occupy a large area of southeastern Canada. However, certain taxa are better represented in the west or in the east, depending on present-day habitats and on historical factors. These conclusions, based chiefly on a sample of taxa of different types, are possible only because basic systematic work has been carried out to distinguish and map the species. Preliminary data on numerical patterns, such as the numbers of species relative to different potential resources such as host plants in different zones, tend to suggest that the occurrence of species in the north may depend so heavily on climatic factors that potential resources are not fully exploited and the effects of interspecific interactions on diversity are reduced.

scholarly journals THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE KORMAN’ 9

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Kulakovska ◽  
V. I. Usyk ◽  
P. Haesarts ◽  
S. Pirson ◽  
O. M. Kononenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Level I ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 1960S

Near the village of Korman’ (Sokyryany district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine) several Palaeolithic sites are known. In the 1960s and 70s, O. P. Chernysh conducted archaeological studies of the site Korman’ IV. In 2012 the new Palaeolithic site named as Korman’ 9 was discovered by the Dniester Palaeolithic expedition of the IA NASU. A preliminary fieldwork season was conducted in 2013. The main research focused on the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study of the site. In the approximately 4 metres thick Quaternary deposits (dating to the late Pleniglacial), three Upper Paleolithic levels were observed. The main raw materials used by late Pelistocene humans were local Turonian and Cenomanian flint. The faunal remains in all levels are dominated by reindeer. In level I two fireplaces were recorded. One about 1 m in diameter has a layer of burnt loess at its bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. The collection of 932 lithic artifacts comprises cores, tools, blanks, chips, and chunks. The primary knapping is characterized by parallel uni- and bi-directional blade, bladelet and microblade production. The tools (n = 92) are dominated by backed bladelets / microblades (n = 69). There is a single endscraper, and the few burins are represented by dihedral burins (n = 2), one bruin on a a break and one on a truncation. Other tools represented are bilaterally retouched points, borer, combination tool and retouched pieces. Additionally, in level I, the following personal ornaments were found: one pendant of amber, one pendant of fox tooth, one pendant of a perforated shell and three shell beads. Level II. A collection of 20 flint artifacts is presented exclusively by the products of primary flaking. In level III, a small number of flint artifacts (n = 67) were recovered, including two cores, one endscraper, and three retouched pieces. The lithic industry of level I, according to the technical-typological characteristic and chronostratigraphic position, can be attributed to the Epi-Gravettian technocomplex. It is possible, that the collection of level II also belongs to the same technocomplex, but due to the small number of finds, the authors refrain from concrete conclusions. Collection of level III on the base of morphological features can be attributed to the Gravettian technocomplex and is currently undated.

scholarly journals The Complexes with Flat-Bottomed Ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: Current State of the Problems of Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Nataliia M. Chairkina ◽  
Evgenyi M. Besprozvannyi ◽  
Vyacheslav I. Molodin
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Late Stages

Purpose. Archaeological science has intensively developed in the last few decades. The methodology is being improved, the number of investigated objects is increasing, and archaeological material is accumulating. One of the most important aspects of scientific activity is the integration of the results of work into the scientific community. Results. On March 16–19, 2020, a scientific seminar named “The complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: typology, technology, chronology, genesis” was held in Yekaterinburg. More than 50 leading specialists came from the Urals, Western Siberia, Germany and Japan. The set of reports were presented, each presentation was followed by a discussion. The participants had an opportunity to examine the collections of the archaeological sites with flat-bottomed pottery. At the final discussion, a number of serious conclusions were made. They are relevant for the entire region of Northern Eurasia, not only for the Urals and Western Siberia. Conclusion. It has been confirmed that flat-bottomed pottery appeared in Western Siberia and the Urals in the 7th millennium BC. The earliest complexes were discovered in the Baraba forest-steppe and in the Taiga regions in the North of Western Siberia. In local areas, different types of dishes are distinguished, having both similar features and differences. Discussions remain the genesis of morphologically different vessels. Problems of the attitude of complexes of flat-bottomed ceramics to the early and late stages of the Neolithic, the paths and variants of neolithization processes, the spread of ceramic production in a wide area of the region. The current problem of the ratio of Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic formations in the region appears to be relevant. As well as the time of the invention of pottery by man, the fact which radically changed his economy and culture, as well as the physiology of man himself.

scholarly journals Some clear evidences of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in northern Eurasia

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yurij Kirillovich Vasil'chuk
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Holocene Sediments

Massive ice is widespread on the territory of modern of Eurasian permafrost area: in the north of Western Siberia, Taimyr, Chukotka, and Arctic islands. Their thickness reaches 45-50m. The origin of massive ice is difficult to define due to the equifinality of such two different processes as intrasedimental freezing and formation of glacial ice. In both cases, thick massive ice is formed in various ways, but with the same final appearance. Three important aspects that show the evidence of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in the north of Eurasia are examined. At first glance, they are obvious, but still fell out of sight of paleogeocryologists. It is shown that: 1) Any currently existing Late Pleistocene glacier, or part of it located under Holocene ice, have not yet been found within the Eurasian Arctic or on the Arctic islands with ice sheets, nor in the mountainous regions. 2) The isotopic composition of the vast majority of massive ice found in northern Eurasia is quite "Holocene", whereas in the north of Canada and Alaska, ice with a very light isotopic composition can often be found. 3) It should be taken into account that massive ice is found in the Holocene sediments of Western Siberia and Chukotka, where there is no reason to assume the glaciers spread to the plains.

Chronology and Faunal Remains of the Khayrgas Cave (Eastern Siberia, Russia)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
Pavel A Kosintsev ◽  
Aleksandr D Stepanov ◽  
Gennady G Boeskorov ◽  
Richard J Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe Khayrgas Cave in Yakutia (eastern Siberia) is one of the most important Upper Paleolithic sites in northern Asia, and has been the subject of extensive 14C dating and study of mammal bones. The upper part of the cave sequence (Layers 2–4) dates to the Holocene (~4100–8200 BP), and the lower part (Layers 5–7) to the Late Pleistocene (~13,100–21,500 BP). In Layers 2–4, only extant animal species are known; ecologically they belong to a forest-type ecosystem. In Layers 5–7, several extinct species were identified, and the environment at that time corresponded to open and semi-open ecosystems. The Khayrgas Cave provides rare but reliable evidence of human occupation in the deep continental region of eastern Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum, ~20,700–21,500 BP.

scholarly journals DECIDUOUS HUMAN TEETH FROM THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE OF YUDINOVO, WESTERN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Zubova ◽  
V. G. Moiseyev ◽  
G. A. Khlopachev ◽  
A. M. Kulkov
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Nonmetric Traits ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Weak Expression

Population affinities of the Timonovka-Yudinovo Upper Paleolithic people are reconstructed on the basis of three isolated deciduous teeth––a lower lateral incisor, lower and upper second molars, likely representing three individuals––from Yudinovo in the middle Desna basin (15–12 ka BP), found in 1987–1996. Based on measurements and descriptive traits and computed microtomography, the teeth were compared with those from other Upper Paleolithic sites in northern Eurasia. The principal component analyses of metric and nonmetric traits revealed similar patterns. To minimize random variation, results of both analyses were integrated. Results indicate affi nity with Pavlov people in Central Europe. The diagnostic trait combination includes weak expression of the Carabelli cusp on the upper second molar, accessory sixth cusp on the lower second molar, large bucco-lingual diameter of both molars, and moderate mesio-distal diameter of the lower second molar. These results support the view that the Timonovka-Yudinovo tradition is related to eastern Gravette.

scholarly journals On the effect of environmental factors on the formation of variability of the Pacific herring in the area from the White to the Yellow Seas

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
A.N. Stroganov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Semenova ◽  
M.O. Rybakov ◽  
A.A. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Arctic Coast

Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Val. — an important commercial species, the range of which covers not only the boreal waters of the Asian and American coasts of the Pacific Ocean, but also extends to the coastal waters of northern Eurasia. The article examines the features of the ecological, biological, morphological variability of the Pacific herring in the extended range from the White to the Yellow Seas, covering the waters of the Arctic, boreal, subtropical zones. The modern habitat of the Pacific herring is represented by two subunits: the ancient range (about 5 million years old) (the coastal area of the North Pacific) and the newly formed range (about 6 thousand years old) — (shelf zones of the Bering, Okhotsk, Yellow Seas, the Arctic coast of Eurasia). The highest growth rate is characteristic of herring in the boreal zone; the lowest values were found for herring from the Kara Sea and the White Sea spring-spawning herring. The results of multivariate discriminant analysis illustrate the similarity of Pacific herring in different areas of the range in terms of a set of meristic characters. The features of changes in the temporal characteristics of the spawning period in Pacific herring in different parts of the range are considered.

North American Biomes

Ecology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra P.C. Peters ◽  
Stacey L.P. Scroggs ◽  
Jin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Chemistry

Biomes of North America are contained within the land area of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and countries in Central America. The area is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. This large area (over 24 x 106 km2) is characterized by a broad range of temperature and precipitation that result in nine biomes ranging from tropical rainforests and seasonal deciduous forests in the south near the equator to boreal forests and tundra at high latitudes near the North Pole. Temperate forests (deciduous, coniferous), grasslands, deserts, and Chaparral woodlands occur at mid-latitudes. Landscape-scale patterns in contemporary ecosystems within each biome reflect variability in climate and soil parent material combined with human activities that have increased in extent and intensity over the past several centuries. These patterns are often influenced by the redistribution of organisms, water and sediment, fire, and air chemistry. Connections with biome types on other continents on Earth can lead to invasion by exotic species including pests and pathogens, large climatic events such as hurricanes and drought, and changes in air quality through dust storms and volcanic eruptions. These tele-connections often occur infrequently, yet with large and surprising effects on ecosystem properties and dynamics. Directional changes in climate are expected to influence biome distributions and composition in novel ways. Increasing awareness of these broad-scale dynamics that connect biomes globally is leading to new avenues of research that intersect ecology with other disciplines.

The Structure and Morphotectonics of the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Area, Northern Dead Sea Rift, Israel

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Belitzky
Keyword(s):  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Hula Valley ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

AbstractGeological, geomorphological, and morphotectonic studies at the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Acheulean site, Northern Jordan Valley, provide: 1) a unique opportunity to establish the ecological background of hominid behavior during the early stages of widespread human occupation; 2) crucial data for understanding the paleo-environment and the various processes that affected the area near the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov site; and 3) a basis for further comprehensive research in the region.Quaternary tectonic activity near the Acheulean archeological site has produced a complex local setting that controls the surrounding landscape. Tectonic activity formed the Benot Ya'aqov embayment, which attracted hominids and a variety of other fauna. Sediments of the Benot Ya'akov formation deposited in the embayment facilitated excellent preservation of the remnants of Acheulean hominid activities and of abundant floral and faunal remains. The formation was subsequently affected by faulting and folding. Local uplift ended the deposition of lacustrine sediments in the embayment of Hula Valley Basin and caused erosion and vertical incision of the Jordan River that resulted in the capture of the Rosh Pinna River and the exposure of the Benot Ya'akov formation. These deposits are found in different structural positions along the north–south oriented morphotectonic embayment. The outcrops contain numerous archeological sites, giving the study area an unusually high potential for future hominid discoveries.

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