scholarly journals Notes on the history of ancient classicism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 772-788
Author(s):  
Ilya Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Aulus Gellius ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Age

The article discusses the genesis of classicism in the Antiquity. At first, we give a brief retrospective review of the concept of “classic” until to the Renaissance, then the emergence on this concept in Aulus Gellius and Cicero. Further, we present a retrospective history of the classical tendency on the example of the disputes between Asians and Atticists, neoterics and lovers of old poetry, and in the ancient attitude towards the plastic arts. Hereafter the article focuses on the Hellenistic poets and philologists and, finally, we trace the origin of the classical tendency in the classical age – particularly, the creation of lists of «selected writers», the development of artistic canons and the relationship between classicism in arts and the pursuit of the old and «good» mores.

Indigenous Peoples

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Te Paa-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constitutional Revision

In 1992 the Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia, which owed its origin ultimately to the work of Samuel Marsden and other missionaries, undertook a globally unprecedented project to redeem its inglorious colonial past, especially with respect to its treatment of indigenous Maori Anglicans. In this chapter Te Paa Daniel, an indigenous Anglican laywoman, explores the history of her Provincial Church in the Antipodes, outlining the facts of history, including the relationship with the Treaty of Waitangi, the period under Selwyn’s leadership, as experienced and understood from the perspective of Maori Anglicans. The chapter thus brings into view the events that informed and influenced the radical and globally unprecedented Constitutional Revision of 1992 which saw the creation of the partnership between different cultural jurisdictions (tikanga).

The Conquest of Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.

scholarly journals The professionalization of Brazilian nursing in the written media of the end of the nineteenth century: a gender analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Braga do Espírito Santo ◽  
Taka Oguisso ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The object is the relationship between the professionalization of Brazilian nursing and women, in the broadcasting of news about the creation of the Professional School of Nurses, in the light of gender. Aims: to discuss the linkage of women to the beginning of the professionalization of Brazilian nursing following the circumstances and evidence of the creation of the Professional School of Nurses analyzed from the perspective of gender. The news articles were analyzed from the viewpoint of Cultural History, founded in the gender concept of Joan Scott and in the History of Women. The creation of the School and the priority given in the media to women consolidate the vocational ideal of the woman for nursing in a profession subjugated to the physician but also representing the conquest of a space in the world of education and work, reconfiguring the social position of nursing and of woman in Brazil.

I “Concetti spaziali per televisione” di Lucio Fontana: dalle proposte del Manifiesto Blanco ai primi ambienti

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dimension ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Television Medium ◽  
The Relationship

This essay investigates Lucio Fontana’s “Luminous Images in Movement”, realized by the artist in 1952, when the Manifesto of the Spatial Movement for Television was published. Analyzing little-known and new documents and re-examining the historical and artistic context in which they were born, the essay proposes a re-reading of these researches highlighting their environmental dimension. A case in point within a “pre-history” of the relationship between art and television, Fontana’s interest in the new television medium is thus included in the original path that from the Manifiesto Blanco leads the artist to the creation of his first pioneering “environments”.

Oxford at the Crossroads

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
New School ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reflects on questions of language, culture, community, and the state via the history of Oxford University (1860 to 1939). After considering Matthew Arnold’s ambivalence about his alma mater, it turns to the quarrel over the identity of the English language between the historian E. A. Freeman and the lexicographer James Murray and its impact on the Oxford English Dictionary. The second section traces this quarrel through the disputes about the creation of the new School of English in Oxford in the 1890s, focusing on the relationship to the established School of Literae Humaniores and the idealist assumptions underpinning the debate. The third section shows what bearing this had on the creation of the International Committee for Intellectual Co-operation, the precursor to UNESCO, in the interwar years. It centres on Gilbert Murray, then Professor of Greek at Oxford, and concludes with his public exchange with Tagore in 1934.

Zakāt, Citizenship and the State: The Evolution of Islamic Religious and Political Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
‘ABD al-RAHMAN al-SALIMI
Keyword(s):  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this essay I will demonstrate the way in which the relationship between political authority and religious authority evolved throughout the history of Islam; and point out where religious rule gave way to the creation of nation states. I will map corresponding changes inZakātcollections, among various nation states, to support my argument in favour of a continued separation of religious and political functions in contemporary nations with Muslim majority populations.

scholarly journals Nadverelementerne og billedsynet

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-212
Author(s):  
Leif Kallesen
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Life ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

The Elements of the Eucharist and their Imageryby Leif KallesenThis paper is concerned with an aspect of the problem of Grundtvig’s doctrine of the relationship between spirit and flesh. The inquiry seeks to prove how, by applying his original imagery to the elements of the Eucharist, Grundtvig overcame the alternative interpretations of the Eucharist, which were wellknown from the history of dogmatics, that is - the realistic (the bread and wine are really Christ’s body and blood) and the symbolic (the elements symbolize the substance of the sacrament). This alternative goes back to the primitive Church, when Irenaeus represented the realistic interpretation and Origen the symbolic. Grundtvig knew both these interpretations and their primitive representatives, and this paper seeks to show how Grundtvig manages to rise above both sides and create his own doctrine of the Eucharist, containing the positive points of both Irenaeus and Origen. Thus Grundtvig agrees with Origen on the unique action of the Word, and from Irenaeus he has learnt to consider the visible and bodily as God’s own and blessed creation. The means to avoid both a symbolic view of the Eucharist, which in itself denies the reality of the created, and a realistic interpretation of the elements, which involuntarily ascribes a sacramental status and supernatural powers to the bread and wine, is Grundtvig’s independent imagery, which is legitimized by and justified by the theology of the Creation. The flesh is a true image of the spiritual and invisible because it is created by an everlasting and invisible God; but the bread and wine are not thereby made spiritual, and therefore they cannot have a spiritual and everlasting effect. Not until God’s Kingdom breaks out visibly will the flesh and the spirit coalesce, and then the bread and wine will realise what previously only the Word could achieve. This view of the final and definitive uniting of spirit and body gives rise to poetic utterances which remind one very much of the forms of expression connected with the realistic interpretation of the elements. In his poetry Grundtvig anticipates the definitive coalescence of spirit and body to such a degree that he can speak of bread and wine as if they already were spiritual, speak of what they will become, and of what the Word alone is up to that point, that is, the nourishment for eternal life. But the prerequisite for these apparently realistic utterances is always an imagery that sees our daily bread as a true image of the bread of life.

scholarly journals Chinese Language and Confucianism as an Instrument of Mongolian Adaptation in China during Yuan Epoch (13th–14th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Alexander Sh. Kadyrbaev
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the topic of the acculturation of the Mongol conquerors in China after the conquest by the first heirs of Genghis Khan and the creation of the Yuan Empire — the Mongol state in China. The history of China in the 13th-14th centuries, when the country was conquered by its neighbors, is a vivid example of the relationship between a nomadic and a centuries-old sedentary ethnos. At that time, the Chinese language and the teachings of Confucius became instruments for the acculturation of the Mongols. Having conquered China, the Mongol rulers were forced to master the Chinese culture to most effectively rule the country. As a result, the Yuan era was marked by intense cultural contacts, which makes it possible to trace the changes in the objective parameters of the Chinese language. However, the Mongolian influence itself played only a complementary role in the long process of interaction of the Chinese language with the languages of the steppe peoples of Central and East Asia.

scholarly journals Femmes d’acier. Les communistes espagnoles et la Federation Democratique Internationale des Femmes (1945-1950) = Mujeres de acero. Las comunistas españolas y la Federación Democrática Internacional de Mujeres (1945-1950) = Steel women. Spanish communists and the Women’s International Democratic Federation (1945-1950)

2020 ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Mercedes Yusta Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Political Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: El artículo aborda una faceta poco conocida de la historia de la militancia de las mujeres comunistas españolas en el exilio: su participación en una organización internacional, la Federación Democrática Internacional de Mujeres, creada en Paris en 1945 con el objetivo de federar las organizaciones de mujeres antifascistas del mundo entero. Las comunistas españolas, con Dolores Ibárruri a la cabeza, tuvieron un papel muy importante en la definición de las estrategias y la propia organización de la Federación, la cual representa un caso de movilización femenina transnacional muy importante en el marco de la Guerra fría. El articulo resitúa la creación de organizaciones femeninas antifascistas en la larga duración, describe el papel de las comunistas españolas en el seno de la FDIM, y, finalmente, analiza la relación entre la FDIM y la movilización antifranquista, que incluye la creación de un lenguaje político común en el seno de este movimiento femenino, muy marcado por el materialismo político.Palabras clave: Mujeres, Comunismo, Exilio, Internacionalismo, Antifascismo, Guerra Fría.Abstract: The article addresses a little-known facet of the history of the militancy of Spanish communist women in exile : their participation in an international organization, the Women’s International Democratic Federation, created in Paris in 1945 with the aim of federating anti-fascist women’s organizations worldwide. The Spanish communists, led by Dolores Ibárruri, played a very important role in defining the strategies and organization of the Federation itself, which represents a very important case of transnational women’s mobilization in the context of the Cold War. The article discusses the creation of women’s anti-fascist organizations in the long term, describes the role of the Spanish communists within the FDIM, and finally analyzes the relationship between the FDIM and the anti-Franco mobilization, which includes the creation of a common political language within this women’s movement, very marked by political motherhood.Keywords: Women, Communism, Exile, Internationalism, Anti-fascism, Cold War.

scholarly journals ON THE CONTRADICTIONS IN THE PROLETKULT

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Ye. Abekhtikov
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the problem of proletarian culture, the history of the creation and functioning of the Proletkult organisation. The author considers its theoretical basis, the practical implementation of which proved to be problematic. The work shows that all Marxist intellectuals believed that proletarian culture has nothing to do with the bourgeois one. Alexander Bogdanov, the most infl uential ideologist of the Proletkult, believed that the proletarian culture is developed by the newest proletariat, which he called «industrial». An analysis of the majority of his statements shows that the intelligentsia and peasantry was not even considered to be involved in the creation of the new culture by Alexander Bogdanov. However, during its heyday, the Proletkult was a refuge for intellectuals who devoted themselves to the service of Revolution and the Communist Party. The article also draws attention to the problem of the relationship of the creators and organisers of the Proletkult with the Soviet state and the Bolshevik Party. The Proletkult claimed autonomy in the sphere of culture, completely rejecting the idea of submission to any state institution. However, Lenin evaluated the Proletkult negatively, considering it to be not only useless, but also harmful. Part of Lenin’s problem with the Proletkult was Alexander Bogdanov personally, as he would be the rival of the former at one time and, possibly, could be the political rival in future, using the Proletkult as an organisational base

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