The evolution of life-forms, growth-forms, and secondary growth in Eurasian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae)

Bradleya ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk't Hart
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Evolution Of Life

Biomimicry: An Overview of Structures, Designs and Materials Inspired from Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Arunachalam Vasanthanathan ◽  
Uthirakumar Siddharth ◽  
Manivannan Vignesh ◽  
Radhakrishnan Pravin
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Product Effectiveness ◽  
Water Turbines ◽  
Principle Objective

Background: Nature has always played a vital role in the evolution of life forms. The design of products in accordance with nature’s design, popularly known as biomimicry, had played a vital role in pushing the technology and product effectiveness to the next level. Humans have long sought to mimic not just the design, but also the methodology adopted by certain animals. For example, the walking technique of vertebrates has been effectively mimicked for a quadruped robot to make a system more efficient by consuming less power. Thus indirectly, nature acts as a driving factor in pushing technological growth. Methods: The principle objective of this paper is to provide an overview of popular bio mimicked products inspired by nature. This paper emphasizes a wide variety of products developed in the field of materials inspired by nature. Results: Wall-climbing robots, Sonar, X-ray imaging, Sandwich and Honeycomb structures are some of the popular products and designs inspired by nature. They have resulted in better designs, better products with improved efficiency and thus have proven to be better alternatives. Some products and designs such as Samara drone, Riblet surfaces, DSSCs, Biomimetic Drills and Water turbines have plenty of scopes to replace conventional products and designs. Conclusion: While plenty of products, structures and designs have successfully replaced older alternatives, there is still a large scope for biomimicry where it could potentially replace conventional products and designs to offer better efficiency.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS IN ARALAM WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, KANNUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Prasanth K.P ◽  
Sekaran S
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Climbing Plants ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Storage Parenchyma

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics. The most notable is the mechanical properties of the stem Comparison of the differentiated anatomical structures recorded in ten species of the climbing plants. The plants selected for the present study are Ampelocissus latifolia, (Vitaceae), Lygodium flexuosum (Lygodiaceae), Centrosema virginianum (Fabaceae), Tinospora cordifolia, (Menispermaceae), Wattakakka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae), Calycopteris floribunda (Combretaceae) Pothos scandens (Araceae) Ipomoea separia (Convolvulaceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). The stems of climbing plants are characterized by the scarcity of supporting cells (fibers) and an increase in the diameter of the xylem vessels. The study con firms that they show a greater diversity of organization than other plant life forms. This anatomical radiation couldprobably not exist without the achievement of a wide range of secondary growth processes. Many dicotyledons, notably those with a climbing habit, show interesting secondary structure which differs from the more usual type described, therefore, sometimes termed anomalous. The variant secondary growth isparticularly widespread in tropical climbers. It is speculated that variant growth can increase stem flexibility, protect the phloem, increase storage parenchyma, aid in clinging to supports, limit physical disruption of vascular tissues during twisting and bending, and promote wound healing after girdling.

The present is the key to the paleo-past: Charles R. Knight’s reconstruction of extinct beasts for the Field Museum, Chicago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Clary
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
Scientific Staff ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Small Models

ABSTRACT Although he was legally blind, Charles R. Knight (1874–1953) established himself as the premier paleontological artist in the early 1900s. When the Field Museum, Chicago, commissioned a series of large paintings to document the evolution of life, Knight was the obvious choice. Knight considered himself an artist guided by science; he researched and illustrated living animals and modern landscapes to better understand and represent extinct life forms within their paleoecosystems. Knight began the process by examining fossil skeletons; he then constructed small models to recreate the animals’ life anatomy and investigate lighting. Once details were finalized, Knight supervised assistants to transfer the study painting to the final mural. The Field Museum mural process, a monumental task of translating science into public art, was accompanied by a synergistic tension between Knight, who wanted full control over his artwork, and the museum’s scientific staff; the correct position of an Eocene whale’s tail—whether uplifted or not—documents a critical example. Although modern scientific understanding has rendered some of Knight’s representations obsolete, the majority of his 28 murals remain on display in the Field Museum’s Evolving Planet exhibit. Museum educators contrast these murals with contemporary paleontological knowledge, thereby demonstrating scientific progress for better public understanding of the nature of science.

Tymieniecka’s phenomenology of life

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
Gary Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Constitutive Function ◽  
Passive Synthesis ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Transformative Function

Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka expands the phenomenological study of meanings (sense-bestowal) into an onto-genetic inquiry by grounding it in a phenomenology of life, including the emotional dimension. This phenomenology of life is informed by the empirical sciences and its doctrines parallel the new scientific paradigm of open dynamic systems. Embedded in the dynamics of the real individuation of life forms, human consciousness emerges at a unique station in the evolutionary process. Tymieniecka treats the constitution of sense as a function of life, and thus the transcendental constitutive function of the cognitive, objectifying intentionality of consciousness, the purview of classical phenomenology, is viewed as a project that is limited in its scope. According to the phenomenology of life, meaning-genesis is exhibited throughout the various stages of structurization in the evolution of life. This paper highlights the transformative function of the “Imaginatio Creatrix,” which is the dynamic process at the human station of evolution that accounts for humanity’s inventive capacities necessary for the construction of a human world. The Imaginatio Creatrix transforms the more primitive stirrings of the human “soul” into subliminal passions of human existential significance. The enactive theory of the mind corroborates Tymieniecka’s rejection of Husserl’s doctrine of passive synthesis. However, Tymieniecka’s study of the creative function offers a key for further advancement in enactive theory. Three sense-bestowing functions of the Imaginatio Creatrix account for the human expansion of life: the Aesthetic/Poetic sense, the Objectifying Sense, and the Moral Sense. The Moral Sense, for Tymieniecka, is not the product of reasoning powers, but rather the fruit of subliminal passions that acquire their moral aspect through trans-actions guided by the “benevolent sentiment.”

scholarly journals Welcome to the Arbustocene

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry F. Recher ◽  
Paul R. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Biophysical Environment ◽  
Evolution Of Photosynthesis

The beginning and end of each geological epoch is marked by a major, often cataclysmic, event affecting Earth?s biophysical environment. Most often major periods in Earth?s history requiring a new epoch to be named are remarkable by the mass extinction of dominant life forms and their eventual replacement by new groups of organisms which then dominate Earth?s ecosystems. Only once in pre-history were these spectacular evolutionary events precipitated by a physical or chemical change to Earth?s atmosphere as a result of biological activity. This occurred early in Earth?s history with the release of ?polluting? oxygen after the evolution of photosynthesis. More frequently, punctuations in the evolution of life have been brought on by some virtually instantaneous disruption to climate by extreme volcanic activity or an asteroid strike, such as that which heralded the end of dinosaurs and the dawn of the age of mammals. In these instances, changes to the capacity of Earth?s atmosphere to absorb and reflect light and heat from the Sun initiated a period of rapid global climate change leaving insufficient time for organisms to migrate or adapt.

scholarly journals BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE IN METEORITES MAY LEAD TO PANSPERMIA ORIGIN OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Y. V. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

              The current hypothesis leads to the panspermia origin of life, which is based on the scientific principle of electromagnetic force interaction with matter. Electromagnetic force (Sunlight) interacts with inorganic chemistry available to us given out by the stars in the universe plausibly triggers the formation of extra-terrestrial biological molecules of proto cells under abiotic conditions, as evidenced by their presence in meteorites.' Proto cells’ might theoretically give rise to living organisms with a manifested soul, allowing 'Ribose' to be formed from ice grains hit by sunlight for RNA and DNA at the same time. The presence of life's building blocks and other important organic chemicals like ribose in meteorites, including some microscopic life forms that aren't native to Earth, may have led to the 'Panspermia Origin of Life' and the 'Evolution of Life on Earth' which is evidenced by the definition of 'Meteorites' in Vedic Scriptures, such as the "Bhagavad Gita" (3000 BC) and "Brihat Samhita" (520 AD) that they are the souls of righteous people who have returned to earth to be reborn.

scholarly journals Evolution of Life Forms in Our Universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1975-2002
Author(s):  
Robert M. L. Baker Jr. ◽  
Bonnie Sue Baker ◽  
Jeannie Hall Moller Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Evolution Of Life

Life forms and growth forms of bryophytes

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Samit Ray ◽  
Shewli Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Growth Forms

Evolution of Life

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Life On Earth

Can we say how life on earth started? The origins of life on earth must predate the earliest fossils, and presumably must be simpler in form than even those earliest fossils. It is very unlikely that we will ever know what these life forms were,...

Co-evolution of trace elements and life in Precambrian oceans: The pyrite edition

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022
Author(s):  
Indrani Mukherjee ◽  
Ross R. Large
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Middle Proterozoic

Abstract The significance of trace elements in initiating origins and driving evolution of life on Earth is indisputable. Trace element (TE) trends in the oceans through time broadly reflect their availability and allow speculation on all possible influences on early life. A comprehensive sedimentary pyrite–TE database, covering 3000 m.y. of the Precambrian, has improved our understanding of the sequence of bio-essential TE availability in the ocean. This study probed how changing availability (and scarcity) of critical TEs in the marine environment influenced early life. The pyrite-shale matrix TE sequence shows relatively elevated concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe, Cr, respectively, in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Abundances of these elements in the Archean potentially facilitated their widespread utilization by prokaryotes. The Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic saw increases in Zn and Mo but a marked decline in Ni, Co, Cu, Se, and Fe. Our data suggest the evolution of the first complex cell in the Paleoproterozoic was probably triggered by this major change in TE composition of the oceans. A decline of elements prompted alternative utilization strategies by organisms as a response to TE deficits in the middle Proterozoic. An overall increase in a multitude of elements (Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, V, Mo, and P) in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian was highly advantageous to the various micro– and macro–life forms. Without questioning the importance of macronutrients and atmosphere-ocean redox state, multi-TE availability would have induced substantial heterogenous biological responses, owing to the effects of optimal, deficient, toxic, lethal, and survival levels of TEs on life.

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