Cluster Rule and the Impact on American Paper Industry

Abstract Industrial wastewaters and their treatment are now placed at the heart of the environmental concerns that industries face. Some research work has been carried out in order to limit the impact of these wastes on the environment as well as their costs. In this study, wastewater dehydrated sludge (55% wt. water content) from the paper industry was used to recover cellulose by using tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, [P(CH2OH)4]Cl, ionic liquid as a solvent. The ionic liquid has shown remarkable results in terms of cellulose extraction in addition to its non-volatility and lower toxicity compared to organic volatile solvents. All cellulose, based on dry sludge, was recovered from the industrial dehydrated sludge with better operation conditions. The influence of temperature and the quantity of ionic liquid was preliminary studied in order to optimise the extraction conditions.

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Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

Current Forestry Reports ◽

10.1007/s40725-019-00097-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 185-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrik Söderholm ◽

Ann-Kristin Bergquist ◽

Kristina Söderholm

Keyword(s):

Technological Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Emission Reductions ◽

Compliance Costs ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review In this article, we review existing research addressing how environmental regulations have influenced the pulp and paper industry. These regulations appear in different forms and designs and address air and water pollution as well as climate change. The paper devotes particular attention to how various regulations have affected sustainable technological change and the prospects for inducing deep emission reductions without jeopardizing industrial competitiveness and future investments. Recent Findings Experiences from key pulp and paper regions, not least the Nordic countries, suggest that gradually tightening performance standards have contributed to radical reductions in emissions, e.g., chlorine compounds and biological oxygen demanding agents, and without imposing excessive compliance costs. This outcome can largely be attributed to how the regulations have been designed—and implemented—in practice, as well as to the presence of efficient and legitimate institutions. Long-term emission reduction targets, in combination with extended compliance periods and trustful firm-regulator relationships, contributed to radical technological innovation and permitted radical emission reductions without excessive compliance costs. The development of alternative bleaching technologies is an apt example. In contrast, the impact of carbon pricing schemes, including the EU emissions trading scheme, on carbon dioxide emissions reductions and related technological change in the pulp and paper industry has however been modest. Self-regulation, certification, and community pressure have exerted relatively modest influences on the environmental performance of the industry. Summary Important avenues for future research are identified. These include the following: (a) comparative research on how policy mixes in various countries have influenced environmental compliance and innovation; processes; (b) future studies of environmental regulations, their design and implementation, in emerging pulp and paper producing countries, not least China; and (c) research on how environmental regulations can affect ongoing restructurings in the industry towards a broader palette of products in biorefineries.

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Characterization and Morphology of Natural Dung Polymer for Potential Industrial Application as Bio-Based Fillers

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12123030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3030

Author(s):

Vinayak Fasake ◽

Kavya Dashora

Keyword(s):

Forest Cover ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Information Communication ◽

Animal Dung ◽

Alternate Source ◽

The Impact ◽

Capital Intensive

The modern-day paper industry is highly capital-intensive industries in the core sector. Though there are several uses of paper for currency, packaging, education, information, communication, trade and hygiene, the flip side of this industry is the impact on the forest resources and other ecosystems which leads to increasing pollution in water and air, influencing several local communities. In the present paper, the authors have tried to explore potential and alternate source of industrial pulp through ruminant animal dung, which is widely available as a rural resource in India. Three types of undigested animal dung fibers from Indigenous cow (IDF), Jersey cow (JDF), and Buffalo (BDF) were taken. Wheat straw (WS) was the main diet of all animals. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content for all animal dung samples were found in a range of (29–31.50%), (21–23.50%), and (11–13%), respectively. The abundant holocellulose and low lignin contents are suitable for handmade pulp and paper. Surface characteristics of fodder (WS) and all dung fibers have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). To increase paper production without damaging forest cover, it is essential to explore unconventional natural resources, such as dung fiber, which have the huge potential to produce pulp and paper, reinforcement components, etc.

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The impact of composite sampling and other data aggregation procedures on pollution detection in the pulp and paper industry

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x78-049 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 328-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Herbert D. Drechsler ◽

Peter N. Nemetz

Keyword(s):

Data Aggregation ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Significant Information ◽

Composite Sampling ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Measurement And Analysis ◽

Pollution Detection ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the inadequacy of current procedures for the measurement and analysis of effluent data. The deficiencies of these procedures are illustrated using as an example the British Columbia pulp and paper industry. Four factors have been identified which restrict the ability of various monitoring systems to detect the presence and severity of excessive effluent discharge. These factors are the significant information losses associated with current grab and composite sampling techniques, the units of measurement presently required for the assessment of effluent quality, the infrequency of compliance monitoring, and information losses associated with statistical aggregation procedures used in the compilation and analysis of effluent data.

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Compensation, Safety, and Absenteeism: Evidence from the Paper Industry

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979398103400203 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 207-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Steven G. Allen

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Fringe Benefits ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Occupational Illness ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Compensation Package ◽

Long Run ◽

Absence Rate ◽

Compensating Differential ◽

The Impact

This paper develops an economic model of absenteeism and tests that model with data from a sample of establishments in the paper industry. Absenteeism is viewed as a desirable nonpecuniary element of the compensation package. The model, which is based upon the hedonic framework developed by Sherwin Rosen, focuses on the effects of wages, fringe benefits, and employment hazards on the long-run equilibrium absence rate of an establishment. The author finds that absence rates are significantly higher in paper plants with low wages and high occupational illness and injury rates, as predicted by the model. The impact of fringe benefits is less clear-cut both theoretically and empirically. The results suggest that work attendance plays an important part in labor market adjustment; studies that focus only on wage differences will underestimate the compensating differential for employment hazards, which includes increased absence rates as well as higher wages.

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Productivity performance of the Canadian pulp and paper industry

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-109 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 825-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David L. Frank ◽

Asghedom Ghebremichael ◽

Tae H. Oum ◽

Michael W. Tretheway

Keyword(s):

Total Factor Productivity ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Labour Productivity ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

The Impact

This paper analyzes the productivity performance of the Canadian pulp and paper industry for the 1963–1984 period. The industry's productivity is first measured, then its sources are analyzed. Total factor productivity is used to measure industry productivity, and statistical estimation of neoclassical cost functions are used to determine sources of the productivity changes. In addition to decomposing the productivity changes into technical changes and changing the scale of the industry's output and capacity utilization, an attempt is also made to assess the impact of pollution control expenditures. The paper finds that although labour productivity grew at 2.5% per year (modest in comparison to other industries), the gross total factor productivity grew only by 1.2% per year. This is largely due to the fact that capital investment raises labour productivity but retards overall productivity. Of the 1.2% growth in total factor productivity, 0.88% was due to the increased scale of the industry output and 0.32% to technical change. Although there is no statistically conclusive evidence, the point estimate indicates that pollution control expenditures may have retarded productivity growth. However, this subject requires further investigation.

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Soil invertebrates of coniferous forests along a gradient of air pollution (Komi Republic)

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.9.e75586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Alla Kolesnikova ◽

Tatyana Konakova ◽

Anastasia Taskaeva ◽

Alexey Kudrin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Soil Invertebrates ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Soil Invertebrate ◽

Production Area ◽

The Impact

The role of soil invertebrates in the cycle of substances, soil-forming processes and the provision of ecosystem services is undeniable. Therefore, soil invertebrates are valuable in bioindication studies. Comprehensive research of soil invertebrates in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC as the largest pulp and paper enterprise in the European part of Russia was initiated in 2003. A huge amount of data about composition, abundance and structure of soil macro- and mesofauna along an impact gradient was accumulated during the period from 2003 to 2019 years. These data can be used to study local biodiversity, monitor the state of soil invertebrate communities and assess the impact of the pulp and paper industry on the environment. Datasets here presented include information from a monitoring programme for soil invertebrates that inhabit coniferous forests in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (Komi Republic). The assemblages' structure of macrofauna, collembolans and nematodes are described. Information on the number of individuals of springtail species, nematodes genera and macrofauna taxa is given. A total of 11146 sampling events of macrofauna, 6673 sampling events of Collembola, and 2592 sampling events of Nematoda are recorded along a gradient of air pollution from pulp and paper industry emissions.

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Impact of Dynamic Capabilities on Firm Performance: Moderating Role of Organizational Competencies

Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business ◽

10.30537/sijmb.v2i2.92 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khaliq Ur Rehman ◽

Zafar Saeed

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Dynamic Capabilities ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Competitive Response ◽

Organizational Competencies ◽

And Performance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Moderating Role

This study observes the phenomenon of organizational performance with the lens of dynamic capabilities. This study investigates the impact of dynamic capabilities on organizational performance, taking organizational competencies as moderating variable, focusing on a paper industry at Lahore, Pakistan. The measurement of dynamic capabilities is based on the multi-dimensional construct underlying the four main factors which include i.e. Sensing, Learning, strong coordination, and competitive response to the rivals. This will lead to explore relationship of dynamic capabilities with organizational performance. Empirical research posits that dynamic capabilities have a direct impact on the organizational performance of the firm. It also proves that organizational competencies have positive moderating role in relationship of organizational performance and dynamic capabilities. This suggests that the direct relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance is insignificant.

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Analisis Dampak Sosial Akibat Pabrik Kertas Di Desa Parmaksian Tobasa Menggunakan Paradigma Ekofeminis

Areopagus : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teologi Kristen ◽

10.46965/ja.v19i1.528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 53-70

Author(s):

Ayu Indira Hasugian

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Social Impacts ◽

The Body ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

AbstrakDesa Siruar Parmaksian Tobasa di salah satu desa yang berada di daerah Toba mengalami perubahan sosial akibat dampak negatif berdirinya PT TPL. Dampak yang diberikan mengarah kepada kaum perempuan/ibu sehingga mengakibatkan aktivitas sehari-hari perempuan/ibu menjadi terkendala. Dampak ini terjadi di setiap harinya, sehingga akan sangat berdampak buruk bagi hubungan antara perempuan dan alam. Melihat kasus tersebut peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian terhadap kondisi yang dialami kaum perempuan/ibu tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa dampak sosial akibat pabrik kertas di Desa Siruar Parmaksian Tobasa kepada para perempuan dengan menggunakan paradigma Ekofeminis yang di tawarkan oleh McFague dan Warren, dan dikaji dalam bentuk studi kasus. Metode penelitian yang peneliti pakai adalah Metode Studi Kasus dari Teori E.P Gintings. Ada beberapa isu yang muncul dari kasus atau masalah ini, diantaranya : dampak sosial, dampak kerusakan alam terhadap kehidupan para perempuan, dan paradigma baru relasi perempuan dan alam atau rekonstruksi paradigma. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana dampak sosial akibat pabrik kertas terhadap masyarakat yang berada di lingkungan Industri Kertas di Desa Siruar Parmaksian Tobasa yang mengarah kepada perempuan yang terdampak dan Bagaimana upaya-upaya yang dilakukan kaum perempuan/ibu di desa siruar untuk mempertahankan tanah/wilayahnya yang telah di rusak oleh perusahaan tersebut?. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa paradigma Ekofeminis sudah menerapkan paradigma dengan istilah “Konstruksionisme”, yang disebut dengan istilah metafora dunia sebagai tubuh Allah, artinya dunia harus dipahami sebagai satu kesatuan organik, tubuh Tuhan dan bisa menanamkan sikap yang menghargai dunia.Kata Kunci: dampak sosial, paradigma ekofeminis AbstractThe village of Siruar Parm testimony Tobasa in a village in the Toba area experienced social changes due to the negative impact of the establishment of PT TPL. The impact that is given is directed at women / mothers so that it causes the daily activities of women / mothers to be constrained. This impact occurs every day, so it will have a very bad impact on the relationship between women and nature. Seeing this case, the researchers wanted to conduct research on the conditions experienced by these women / mothers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social impacts of the paper mill in Siruar Parm testimony Tobasa on women using the Ecofemist paradigm offered by McFague and Warren, and study it in the form of a case study. The research method that researchers use is the Case Study Method of E.P Gintings Theory. There are several issues that arise from this case or problem, including: social impacts, the impact of natural destruction on women's lives, and a new paradigm of relations between women and nature or paradigm reconstruction. This is done to find out how the social impact of the paper mill on the community living in the Paper Industry in Siruar Parm testimony Tobasa Village which leads to affected women and how the efforts made by women / mothers in Siruar Village to defend their has been damaged by the company ?. The results of the analysis show that the Ecofemist paradigm has applied a paradigm with the term "Constructionism", which is called the metaphor of the world as the body of God, meaning that the world must be understood as an organic unit, the body of God and can instill an attitude of respect for the world. Keywords: social impact, eco-feminist paradigm

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