scholarly journals In-Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Clinacanthus nutans Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. ◽  
Kasim K. F.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease which characterized by hyperglycemia. It is a condition in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to decrease in cellular glucose uptake and metabolism. The management of blood glucose level is critical in the treatment of this disease and this had been offered by α-amylase inhibitors. The present study was designed to determine the in vitro antidiabetic of Clinacanthus nutans extracts. The antidiabetic action was observed by the inhibition effects of the C. nutans extracts on α-amylase activity and glucose diffusion across the dialysis tube. It was found that the antidiabetic action of the C. nutans extracts was not related to glucose diffusion as they did not show any significant glucose entrapment ability. The ethanolic leaves extract of C. nutans exhibited the most significant inhibition effect on α-amylase activity (64.25%) compared to other extracts. However, its inhibitory activity was moderate when compared to the commercial drugs (captopril and acarbose). The ethanolic leaves extract (the best extract) was tested for the presence for flavonoids, saponins and tannin (most reported antidiabetic compounds). Its antidiabetic action might be due to the presence of flavonoids and tannins. However, the absence of saponins might be responsible for its moderate inhibition effect comparable to control. This study suggested the in vivo studies of this plant should be carried out to confirm its antidiabetic mechanism

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

scholarly journals The Antitumor Activity of Sodium Selenite Alone and in Combination with Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3169
Author(s):  
Kevin Doello ◽  
Cristina Mesas ◽  
Francisco Quiñonero ◽  
Gloria Perazzoli ◽  
Laura Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Migration Capacity

Sodium selenite acts by depleting enzymes that protect against cellular oxidative stress. To determine its effect alone or in combination with gemcitabine (GMZ) in pancreatic cancer, we used PANC-1 and Pan02 cell lines and C57BL mice bearing a Pan02-generated tumor. Our results demonstrated a significant inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell viability with the use of sodium selenite alone and a synergistic effect when associated with GMZ. The molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of sodium selenite alone involved apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the expression of phospho-p38 in the combined therapy. In addition, sodium selenite alone and in association with GMZ significantly decreased the migration capacity and colony-forming ability, reduced tumor activity in multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) and decreased sphere formation of cancer stem cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that combined therapy not only inhibited tumor growth (65%) compared to the untreated group but also relative to sodium selenite or GMZ used as monotherapy (up to 40%), increasing mice survival. These results were supported by the analysis of C57BL/6 albino mice bearing a Pan02-generated tumor, using the IVIS system. In conclusion, our results showed that sodium selenite is a potential agent for the improvement in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and should be considered for future human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Swertiamarin Contributes to Glucose Homeostasis via Inhibition of Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzymes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Naila Hassan ◽  
Saima Amin ◽  
Showkat R. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Glucose

<strong>Objective:</strong> Swertiamarin is a common secoiridoid found among the members of Gentianaceae. The present study aimed to establish the effectiveness of swertiamarin in achieving glucose homeostasis via inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes by in-vitro and in-vivo studies. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Swertiamarin was obtained from dried whole plant samples of <em>Enicostemma littorale</em> Blume chromatographic fractionation over the silica gel column. Its effect on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes viz., α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated at 0.15 to 10 mg/mL in-vitro. The results were supplemented by anti-hyperglycemic studies in carbohydrate challenged mice pretreated with swertiamarin at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight orally. <strong>Results:</strong> Swertiamarin was effective in inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC<em>50</em> values of 1.29±0.25 mg/mL and 0.84±0.11 mg/mL, respectively. The studies in starch and sucrose challenged mice showed that swertiamarin effectively restricted the increase in the peak blood glucose level (BGL). The increase in peak BGL was 49 mg/dL and 57 mg/dL only in the treatment groups compared to 70 mg/dL and 80 mg/dL in untreated groups after 30 min in starch and sucrose-fed mice, respectively. Acarbose (10 mg/kg b.w.) also produced significant (p&lt;0.01) blood glucose lowering response in both the models. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Swertiamarin was effective in the achieving stricter glycemic control in carbohydrate challenged mice through the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

scholarly journals Power spectral density-based nearinfrared sub-band detection for noninvasive blood glucose prediction in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850035
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akkaya ◽  
Erman Selim ◽  
Mert Altintas ◽  
Mehmet Engin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Spectral Density ◽  
Power Spectral Density ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Power Spectral

Diabetes is a widespread and serious disease and noninvasive measurement has been in high demand. To address this problem, a power spectral density-based method was offered for determining glucose sensitive sub-bands in the nearinfrared (NIR) spectrum. The experiments were conducted using phantoms of different optical properties in-vitro conditions. The optical bands 1200–1300[Formula: see text]nm and 2100–2200[Formula: see text]nm were found feasible for measuring blood glucose. After that, a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based low cost and portable optical system was designed. It has six different NIR wavelength LEDs for illumination and an InGaAs photodiode for detection. Optical density values were calculated through the system and used as independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis. The results of blood glucose levels for 24 known healthy subjects showed that the optical system prediction was nearly 80% in the A zone and 20% in the B zone according to the Clarke Error Grid analysis. It was shown that a promising easy-use, continuous, and compact optical system had been designed.

scholarly journals In vitro, acute and subchronic evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of Atractylis flava Desf n-butanol extract in alloxan-diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Akram Melakhessou ◽  
Salah Eddine Marref ◽  
Naima Benkiki ◽  
Cherine Marref ◽  
Imene Becheker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Butanol Extract

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a serious complex multifactorial disorder that imposes huge health and economic burden on societies. Because the currently available medications have many drawbacks, it's important to look for alternative therapies. Medicinal plants utilized in folk medicine are ideal candidates. Therefore, this work assessed the antidiabetic action of n-butanol extract from the whole plant Atractylis flava Desf (BEAF). These ethnomedicinal properties of BEAF were scientifically validated using in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro antidiabetic effect of the BEAF was conducted using α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase assays. While the antihyperglycemic activity was assessed using two rat models: Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and oral glucose challenged rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg and animals with fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) > 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a typical drug. Results The BEAF at all tested dose levels (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level in all the two animal models. Besides, the plant extract exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase activity at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL with 76.17% and 89.37%, respectively. Conclusion BEAF exerts in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effects, these results suggest that the plant extract can be a therapeutic resource in the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY BETWEEN TWO MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF METFORMIN ON GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN RABBIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Debanga Das ◽  
Jashabir Chakraborty ◽  
Suvakanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Weight Variation

Objective: Bioequivalence studies are the commonly accepted methods displaying therapeutic equivalence between two products. This study was conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence study of anti-diabetic activity between two formulations of metformin tablets which were marketed in India.Methods: In in vitro study five essential in vitro tests including disintegration, weight variation, hardness, friability and a comparative in vitro dissolution study were performed.Results: For in vivo study adult male rabbits were divided into three groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and the second and third group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose of second and third group was estimated and after that received formulation X and formulation Y, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After 15 d again blood glucose of second and third group was estimated and compare the results of both the group. This shows the favourable response of metformin against glucocorticoid-induced renal damage and hyperglycemia.Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the extent, rate of absorption and anti-diabetic activity of two different formulations of metformin tablets are bioequivalent to each other.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia paniculata Bark: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents and Mechanisms for Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Ramachandran ◽  
Aiyalu Rajasekaran ◽  
Natarajan Adhirajan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Terminalia Paniculata

The present study was aimed to investigate in vivo, in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) and characterize its possible phytoconstituents responsible for the actions. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg–110 mg/kg; i.p.) administration. Oral treatment of AETPB using rat oral needle at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses significantly () decreased blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in diabetic rats than diabetic control rats. AETPB-treated diabetic rats body weight, total protein, insulin, and haemoglobin levels were increased significantly () than diabetic control rats. A significant () reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein levels were observed in type 2 diabetic rats after AETPB administration. Presence of biomarkers gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in AETPB was confirmed in HPLC analysis. AETPB and gallic acid showed significant () enhancement of glucose uptake action in presence of insulin in muscle cells than vehicle control. Also AETPB inhibited pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, the above actions might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of AETPB due to presence of gallic acid and other biomarkers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa for in vivo and in vitro Antidiabetic Potentials in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Shankar N ◽  
Ram Kishore ◽  
Puranik SB
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

The purpose of current investigation was to investigate in vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa leaves against alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats. Two in vivo and one in vitro methods were performed for the evaluation of aqueous extract for antidiabetic activity. For in-vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in albino rats by administering a single dose of alloxan. The study was designed to test the acute effect of aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa (AEAS) to reduce blood glucose in OGTT. The chronic study of 21 days was performed against diabetic rats and blood glucose was determined at 1st , 7 th, 14th and 21st day. In chronic in vivo study, serum parameters insulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also estimated at 21st day to determine the effects of aqueous and aqueous extracts on complications of diabetes mellitus. Glucose uptake by hemidiaphragm assay was performed to test the ability of extract to utilize glucose. In Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, standard glibenclamide and aqueous extract (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) treated animals have shown significant reduction in blood glucose at 90 mins but at 120 mins. In chronic model the aqueous extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.001) at 14th and 21st day of study in therapeutic groups and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P>0.01). The presence of extract in glucose uptake assay could significantly increase utilization of the glucose by rat hemidiaphragm. The aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa possess significant antidiabetic properties against alloxan induced diabetic animals.

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