Fate of the germ cells in mammalian ovary: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Yadav ◽  
Anumegha Gupta ◽  
Alka Sharma ◽  
Anil Kumar Yadav ◽  
Meenakshi Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Reproductive Life

Ovary has a fix number of germ cells during fetal life in mammals. The germ cells are depleted rapidly and a large number of germ cells (≥99%) are eliminated from the cohort of ovary through follicular atresia during prepubertal life. The various cell death pathways including apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and necroptosis are involved in follicular atresia. Hence, <1% of germ cells are culminated into oocytes that are available for meiotic maturation and ovulation during entire reproductive life. These oocytes are arrested at diplotene stage of meiotic prophase-I and remain arrested for few months to several years during entire reproductive life. Resumption from diplotene arrest in follicular oocytes starts in response to gonadotropins surge and progresses through metaphase-I to metaphase-II stage that extrudes first polar body at the time of ovulation. Surprisingly, oocytes do not wait for fertilizing spermatozoa and quickly undergo abortive spontaneous oocyte activation (SOA) in few mammalian species including humans. The abortive SOA makes oocyte unfit for fertilization and limits assisted reproductive technologies outcome. Indeed, majority of germ cells and oocytes are eliminated from the cohort of ovary and only few oocyte that are of good quality get selectively recruited to become right gamete after ovulation during entire reproductive life span in mammals.

98 BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT RATE OF CLONED CAT EMBRYOS USING SERIAL CLONING

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
X. J. Yin ◽  
H. S. Lee ◽  
E. G. Choi ◽  
X. F. Yu ◽  
B. H. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
First Polar Body

Domestic cats are a useful research model to develop assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of endangered felids. Previously, we produced cloned offspring derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer of ear skin fibroblasts obtained from a deaf, odd-eyed, male Turkish Angora. The aim of this study was to assess the cloning efficiency of the fibroblasts derived from a cloned cat. Fibroblast cell lines were established from 6-mm skin biopsies taken from a deaf, odd-eyed, male Turkish Angora and his clone. The protocol for nuclear transfer was described previously (Yin et al. 2005 Reproduction 129, 245–249). Briefly, cumulus cells were removed from the ova by gently pipetting them into TCM-199 supplemented with 0.1% hyaluronidase. The denuded oocytes were then cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.2 �g mL-1 demecolcine for 1 h and placed into TCM-199 containing 5 �g mL-1 cytochalasin B and 0.2 �g mL-1 demecolcine. The first polar body and protruded chromatin plate were removed with a beveled micropipette. Micromanipulation was used to place a single donor cell nucleus into the perivitelline space of enucleated ova. The ovum-cell couplets were fused and pulse activated. The activated couplets were cultured in 500 �L of CRI medium supplemented with 0.3% BSA for 2 days. The cleaved embryos were cultured in CRII medium supplemented with 10% FBS for 5 days. The cleavage and blastocyst development rates were 38.5% and 3.5% for second generation cloned embryos. A total of 310 second generation cloned embryos were transplanted to 9 surrogates, and 2 pregnancies at 30 days were determined by ultrasonography. One pregnancy was aborted at 40 days of gestation; the second pregnancy continued. These results indicate that the serial cloning of a cat can be generated efficiently up until pregnancy. This work was supported by KOSEF (grant #M10525010001-05N2501-00110).

201 ENDOSCOPE-GUIDED TRANSFER OF SPERM-INJECTED OOCYTES INTO THE OVIDUCTS OF ELAND AND BONGO ANTELOPES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wirtu ◽  
R. MacLean ◽  
J. Galiguis ◽  
D. Paccamonti ◽  
B. Eilts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
The Right

We have previously established methods of gamete collection in Eland and Bongo antelopes; however, blastocyst development following IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been sporadic, thus few developmentally competent embryos have been produced for uterine transfer. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility of oviductal transfer of presumptive zygotes. Estrous cycle synchronization and ovarian superstimulation were done as follows. Females were treated with altrenogest (0.11 g/os daily) for 7 days. The FSH Folltropin® was dissolved in 30% polyvinylpyrrolidone and administered, i.m. on Days 5 and 7 of altrenogest treatment at 266 mg and 134 mg, respectively. Prostaglandin F2α (Lutalyse®, 25 mg, i.m.) was administered on Day 7. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval was conducted on Day 9 as described previously (Wirtu G et al. 2009 Anim. Reprod Sci. 111, 160-172). Eleven oocytes were recovered from 2 Elands and 4 from 1 Bongo. One oocyte of each species was degenerate at the time of recovery. Oocytes were subjected to IVM for approximately 22 h, when Piezo drill-assisted ICSI was done using frozen-thawed Eland or Bongo spermatozoa. Oocytes were activated (5% ethanol, 5 min) and cultured overnight in CR1aa medium supplemented with BSA. Presumptive zygotes were subjected to endoscopic oviductal transfer at 21 to 24 h after ICSI. The oviductal transfer was adapted from the technique developed in domestic cattle (Wetscher F et al. 2005 Theriogenology 64, 30-40). Animals were sedated by i.m. administration of xylazine HCl and butorphanol tartrate and restrained in a hydraulic chute (Tamer®) that was used to squeeze and lift the females. An epidural block (5 mL of lidocaine) was induced after cleaning the rectum, perineal region, and the injection site. A uterine relaxant, isoxsuprine HCl (10 mg, i.v), was then administered. The Brem/Besenfelder set for laparoscopic bovine embryo transfer (Karl Storz Endoscope, Karl Storz GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) was used for the oviductal transfer. Briefly, a cannula (12.5 mm in diameter, 49.5 cm long) fitted with a blunt-tip obturator was introduced into the vagina and positioned, during transrectal manipulation, at the mid-dorsal aspect of the vaginal vault. The blunt-tip obturator was replaced with a sharp-tip obturator, which was used to puncture through the vaginal wall for entry into the pelvic cavity. The trocar was subsequently replaced with an inner sheath containing a telescope (5.5 mm in diameter, 54 cm long) and a pre-loaded transfer tubing. Visualization of the ovaries and oviducts required insufflation of the peritoneal cavity. Transfer was done into the oviduct ipsilateral to the recently ovulating ovary. Ten Eland oocytes had extruded the first polar body and 8 that survived ICSI were transferred into the right oviduct of an Eland female. Two Bongo oocytes had extruded the first polar body; both survived ICSI and were transferred to the right oviduct of a Bongo female. Pregnancy diagnosis is pending. This minimally invasive method of accessing the oviduct has the potential to advance the application of assisted reproductive technologies in large nondomestic ungulates.

scholarly journals Pannexins and Connexins: Their Relevance for Oocyte Developmental Competence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5918
Author(s):  
Paweł Kordowitzki ◽  
Gabriela Sokołowska ◽  
Marta Wasielak-Politowska ◽  
Agnieszka Skowronska ◽  
Mariusz T. Skowronski
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The oocyte is the major determinant of embryo developmental competence in all mammalian species. Although fundamental advances have been generated in the field of reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies in the past three decades, researchers and clinicians are still trying to elucidate molecular factors and pathways, which could be pivotal for the oocyte’s developmental competence. The cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications are crucial not only for oocytes but also for multicellular organisms in general. This latter mentioned communication is among others possibly due to the Connexin and Pannexin families of large-pore forming channels. Pannexins belong to a protein group of ATP-release channels, therefore of high importance for the oocyte due to its requirements of high energy supply. An increasing body of studies on Pannexins provided evidence that these channels not only play a role during physiological processes of an oocyte but also during pathological circumstances which could lead to the development of diseases or infertility. Connexins are proteins that form membrane channels and gap-junctions, and more precisely, these proteins enable the exchange of some ions and molecules, and therefore they do play a fundamental role in the communication between the oocyte and accompanying cells. Herein, the role of Pannexins and Connexins for the processes of oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization will be discussed and, at the end of this review, Pannexin and Connexin related pathologies and their impact on the developmental competence of oocytes will be provided.

scholarly journals AMH: Could It Be Used as A Biomarker for Fertility and Superovulation in Domestic Animals?

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Umer ◽  
Shan Jiang Zhao ◽  
Abdul Sammad ◽  
Bahlibi Weldegebriall Sahlu ◽  
YunWei Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potential Predictor

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable and easily detectable reproductive marker for the fertility competence of many farm animal species. AMH is also a good predictor of superovulation in cattle, sheep, and mares. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to AMH and its predictive reliability related to fertility and superovulation in domestic animals, especially in cattle. We focused on: (1) the dynamics of AMH level from infancy to prepubescence as well as during puberty and adulthood; (2) AMH as a predictor of fertility; (3) the association between antral follicle count (AFC) and plasma AMH level; (4) AMH as a predictor of superovulation; and (5) factors affecting AMH levels in domestic animals, especially cattle. Many factors affect the circulatory levels of AMH when considering the plasma, like nutrition, activity of granulosa cells, disease state and endocrine disruptions during fetal life. Briefly, we concluded that AMH concentrations are static within individuals, and collection of a single dose of blood has become more popular in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It may act as a potential predictor of fertility, superovulation, and ovarian disorders in domestic animals. However, due to the limited research in domestic animals, this potential of AMH remains underutilized.

315 EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL OR ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION OF BOVINE OOCYTES

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
M. P. Milazzotto ◽  
W. B. Feitosa ◽  
R. Simões ◽  
C. M. Mendes ◽  
M. E. O. A. Assumpção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
First Polar Body

Activation of in vitro matured oocytes is essential for the success of nuclear transfer embryo production. Oocyte activation is promoted by the release of intracellular calcium and influx of extracellular ions, and can be chemically induced by calcium ionophores such as A23187 (CA) or ionomycin (IO). Electrical stimulation (EL) is an essential stage in nuclear transfer protocols for the fusion of enucleated oocytes with the donor's cell nucleus. Moreover, EL can be used as an alternative method to induce calcium influx through the formation of pores in the plasma membrane. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of electrical pulse vs the use of different calcium ionophores (A23187 or ionomycin) as primary agents of bovine oocyte activation, with or without the addition of BSA, on the rate of blastocyst formation and blastocyst quality. BSA was used to quench the activation process after a 5-min exposure to CA or IO. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in TCM-199 medium with FCS and hormones for 18 h at 38.5�C and 5% CO2 in air. After removal of cumulus cells, oocytes presenting the first polar body were selected and maintained in SOFaa medium to complete 24 h of maturation. They were then divided into five treatments groups 1-CA (CA 5 mM, 5 min); 2-CAB (CA 5 mM, 5 min; BSA, 5 min); 3-IO (IO 5 mM, 5 min); 4-IOB (IO 5 mM, 5 min; BSA, 5 min); and 5-EL (EL 1.5 kV/cm, 20 �s, 2 pulses). After treatments, oocytes were kept in 6-dimethylaminopurine for 3 h and cultured in SOFaa medium for 7 days at 38.5�C and 5% CO2 in air. Rates of cleavage and blastocyst were evaluated respectively on Days 2 and 7 of culture. To evaluate embryo quality, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining was used. Data were evaluated by ANOVA and submitted to LSD test for embryo rates and t-test for embryo quality. Four replicates were carried out with a total of 89 oocytes per treatment. There was a difference (P < 0.05) in rate of development to blastocyst between treatments 1-CA (54.4%a), 3-IO (51.4%a), and 5-EL (54.5%a) compared with 4-IOB (18.3%b). Treatment 2-CAB (39.8%ab) did not show any difference from the others. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among treatments in total number of cells: 1-CA (63.1a), 2-CAB (57.2a), 3-IO (60.9a), 4-IOB (72.4a), and 5-EL (58.4a). However, there was a difference (P < 0.01) in the percentage of viable cells between treatments 1-CA (49.9%a), 2-CAB (45.8%a), 3-IO (64.9%a), and 4-IOB (50.9%a) in comparison to 5-EL (82.7%b). In conclusion, BSA, when associated with IO, had a negative effect on embryonic developmental rates. The different calcium ionophores used and the BSA did not improve embryo quality. Although there were no significant differences between electrical and chemical activation on the rate of blastocyst formation, it is important to point out that higher quality embryos were achieved by using electrical activation. This work was supported by FAPESP 03/00156-9.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSERVATION OF WILD, RARE OR INDIGENOUS UNGULATES: REVIEW ARTICLE

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cseh ◽  
László Solti
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Assisted Hatching ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Embryo Recovery

Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by intensive agriculture, environmental pollution, extinction of natural habitats and several other factors. Several mammalian species including ungulates have disappeared or are threatened by extinction. However, ungulates play an important role both in the ecosystem and in the economy. In general, species or breeds are considered endangered if their population does not exceed 1,000 individuals. In these cases conservation programmes should be initiated in order to maintain or even increase their number. This review deals with the possibilities and limitations of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the conservation of ecologically valuable wild, rare and indigenous ungulates. The methods discussed here are artificial insemination, cryopreservation of semen and embryos, embryo recovery and transfer,in vitroproduction of embryos, as well as micromanipulation techniques including sperm injection, assisted hatching and cloning. Some of these procedures are already being exploited in the breeding of farm ungulates, but more basic information about the reproductive patterns of wild, rare and indigenous animal species is needed before the routine use of ARTs.

Cyclic nucleotides regulate oocyte meiotic maturation and quality in mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anumegha Gupta ◽  
Meenakshi Tiwari ◽  
Alka Sharma ◽  
Ashutosh N. Pandey ◽  
Pramod K. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
High Level

Oocyte meiosis is a prolong series of events that are comprised several intermittent channels in mammals. Oocyte meiosis starts during fetal life and then gets arrested at diplotene stage of first meiotic prophase in follicular oocyte. The continuous transfer of cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cGMP) from encircling granulosa cells to the oocyte through gap junctions helps in the maintenance of their high level required to achieve the long-lasting diplotene arrest so-called germinal vesicle stage. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have been used to elevate intracellular level of both cyclic nucleotides and prevent spontaneous resumption of meiosis in oocytes under in vitro culture conditions. On the other hand, disruption of gap junction either by pituitary gonadotropin or by physical removal of encircling granulosa cells interrupts transfer of these nucleotides to the oocyte. As a result, intraoocyte cAMP as well as cGMP levels are decreased drastically that initiate downstream pathways to destabilize maturation-promoting factor (MPF). The destabilized MPF initiates meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest in mammalian oocytes. Oocyte meiosis further progresses from metaphase I to metaphase II stage and extrudes first polar body to get converted into haploid female gamete at the time of ovulation. Indeed, high level of cAMP as well as cGMP levels maintains diplotene arrest for a long time in follicular oocytes. On the other hand, transient decrease of their levels drives resumption from diplotene arrest, thereby meiotic maturation process, which enables oocyte to achieve developmental competency. Any defect in this process directly affects oocyte quality and thereby reproductive outcome in mammals including human.

Deep infiltrative endometriosis. Contentious issues: pros and cons

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Elena I. Rusina ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Valeriia O. Piankova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Deep Infiltrative Endometriosis

Relevance.Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a particular form of endometriosis with a more severe symptoms and dysfunction of the neighboring organs. Inspite of the fact that in recent years, much had been done to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and its associated symptoms; there are still several unresolved issues. Aim.To describe debated issues of pathogenesis and management of patients with DIE using current data. Materials and methods. Foreign and domestic scientific articles on this topic that is available in PubMed database and on Internet resources have been examined over the past 5 years. Results.The review consisted of a system analysis of data on the pathogenesis of pain, infertility, the choice of conservative or surgical treatment in dealing with specific problems of managing patients with DIE. Conclusion.Despite there are different options of managing and treating, most specialists agree that the treatment strategy should be based on the assumption that it is a chronic recurrent disease. The treatment choice should be personal depending on the severity of symptoms, dysfunction of the neighboring organs affected by endometriosis, such as the intestines, bladder, ureters, as well as the womans age and reproductive life plans. Depending on the clinical case, it is possible to use various regimens of conservative management. Surgical management planning should be highly balanced. A radical surgery with removing foci of endometriosis performed by an experienced surgeon in a specialized hospital in coupled with pharmacotherapy and assisted reproductive technologies increases the patients chances of pregnancy, a healthy childbearing. Subsequent combination therapy provides a long-term remission. Pregnancy and childbirth in patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis should be considered as a high risk condition for the severe complications.

First meiosis of early dictyate nuclei from primordial oocytes in mature and activated mouse oocytes

Zygote ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Czolowska ◽  
Andrzej K. Tarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Female Pronucleus

SummaryNuclei of diplotene (dictyate) primordial oocytes (PO) were transferred to metaphase II oocytes and to activated mouse oocytes using cell fusion techniques. In a metaphase II oocyte, the PO nucleus condenses within 2–3 h to bivalents which become arranged on the first meiotic spindle. After oocyte activation, homologous chromosomes segregate between the oocyte and the first polar body, and a diploid pronucleus-like nucleus reforms from the one set of dyads. This nucleus condenses in the first embryonic mitosis into 40 ‘somatic’ chromosomes which coexist in the common metaphase plate with 20 somatic chromosomes originating from the female pronucleus. Shortening of the time between fusion and activation to about 1 h prevents bivalent differentiation. The PO nucleus condenses only partially and reforms, after oocyte activation, a pronucleus-like nucleus. This nucleus gives rise at the first embryonic mitosis to 20 bivalents which coexist with 20 somatic chromosomes originating from the female pronucleus. A PO nucleus introduced into an activated egg completes the first cell cycle as an intact interphase nucleus. It never condenses in the first embryonic mitosis into bivalents, and undergoes only initial condensation (preceding bivalent differentiation). These results indicate that: (1) condensation into bivalents, meiotic spindle formation and first meiotic division can be greatly accelerated by the introduction of an early diplotene (dictyate) oocyte nucleus into a metaphase II oocyte, and (2) depending on whether the diplotene nucleus enters the first embryonic (mitotic) cell cycle after just initiating or after completing the first meiosis, it gives rise at the first cleavage division to meiotic (bivalents) or ‘somatic’ chromosomes respectively.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF AN EFFECTIVE MEDIA AND ITS HORMONE AND PROTEIN SUPPLEMENNTATION FOR IN VITRO MATURATION OF OOCYTES OF INDIGENOUS ZEBU COWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. N. M. Morshed ◽  
N. S. Juyeana ◽  
M. M. U. Bhuyian
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Zebu Cows

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is the first important step for successful in vitro embryo production of any mammalian species. The objectives of the present study were to determine an effective basic medium and its hormone and protein supplementation for IVM of oocytes of indigenous zebu cows. The oocytes were derived from ovaries of locally slaughtered cows after aspiration of follicle. The oocytes were cultured in medium for 24 hrs at 38.5ºC with 5% CO2 in humidified air for maturation. The maturation of oocytes was evaluated by examining the presence of first polar body extrusion in denuded oocytes under inverted microscope. To determine an effective basic medium, the oocytes were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented tissue culture medium (TCM), modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) and Tyrodes albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium. The maturation rate was significantly higher (74±4.2) in TCM medium than that of TALP medium (58.2±6.2). To determine an effective hormone supplementation for maturation medium, the oocytes were cultured in either in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or gonadotrophin supplemented TCM. The maturation rate of oocytes was significantly (p>0.05) higher (73.3±4.0) in FSH supplemented medium than that of gonadotrophin supplemented counterpart (60.2±6.6). To determine an effective protein supplementation, the oocytes were cultured in FBS, oestrus cow serum (OCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) supplemented TCM 199. The maturation rate of oocytes were 73.0±5.9, 71.1±2.8, and 62.5±9.4 in medium supplemented with FBS, OCS and BSA respectively (p>0.05). In conclusions, TCM supplemented with either FBS, OCS or BSA as protein and FSH as hormone may be used as medium for IVM of oocytes of indigenous zebu cows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document