scholarly journals POTENSI SELULASE DAN PENGARUH LAJU PEMBEBANAN PADA EFEKTIVITAS PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH KERTAS PROSES LUMPUR AKTIF (POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE AND EFFECT OF LOADING RATE ON TREATMENT OF PAPER WASTEWATER OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Taufick Rizaluddin ◽  
Sri Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Paper Wastewater ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

As the effluent quality standards for industrial wastewater are becoming more stringent, it is important for the industry to improve their wastewater treatment efficiency. The research about potential of cellulase application in the activated sludge process has been done. Theoritically, the addition of cellulase was required to support the activity of microorganism on the activated sludge. Since cellulose is the major organic pollutant component in the wastewater, it was expected that cellulase addition could improve the performance of activated sludge process. The experiments were conducted in a continuous process and consisted of two treatments which were with and without activated sludge at about 2400 mg MLVSS/L. The variations in each treatment were the enzyme dosages of 0; 0.2; 0.5; and 0.7 unit/g COD, and the residence time of 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The experiment result showed that the addition of cellulase can increase COD and BOD reduction compared to the treatment without enzymes. The highest COD reduction increment was 7.9% at the enzyme dosage of 0.2 unit/g COD and the residence time of 4 hours, while the highest BOD reduction increment was 14.6% at the same enzyme dosage and residence time. In conclusion, celullase application can be combined with the activated sludge process which will be effective in the high load organic wastewater. ABSTRAKDengan semakin ketatnya baku mutu air limbah, peningkatan efisiensi dalam pengolahan limbah menjadi sangat penting bagi industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi selulase dan pengaruh laju pembebanan pada efektifitas pengolahan air limbah kertas sistem lumpur aktif. Secara teori, penambahan selulase diperlukan untuk membantu aktivitas mikroorganisme lumpur aktif. Dengan adanya kandungan selulosa sebagai komponen utama pencemar organik dalam air limbah, penambahan selulase diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja proses lumpur aktif. Percobaan dilakukan dengan proses kontinyu yang terdiri dari dua perlakuan, yaitu tanpa dan dengan lumpur aktif pada MLVSS sekitar 2400 mg/L. Variasi pada setiap perlakuan berupa variasi dosis selulase (0; 0,2; 0,5; dan 0,7 unit/g COD) dan variasi laju pembebanan dengan mengatur waktu tinggal 4, 8, 12, dan 24 jam. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lumpur aktif dengan penambahan selulase dapat menghasilkan peningkatan reduksi COD dan BOD bila dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa menggunakan selulase. Peningkatan reduksi COD tertinggi mencapai 7,9% dengan perlakuan selulase dosis 0,2 unit/g COD dan waktu tinggal 4 jam, sedangkan peningkatan reduksi BOD tertinggi mencapai 14,6%. Perlakuan selulase dapat dikombinasikan dengan proses lumpur aktif yang berjalan efektif pada waktu tinggal yang lebih singkat atau pada beban tinggi.Kata kunci: selulase, lumpur aktif, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand

scholarly journals Systematic Modeling of Municipal Wastewater Activated Sludge Process and Treatment Plant Capacity Analysis Using GPS-X

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu ◽  
Omar Alagha ◽  
Ismail Anil
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Effluent Quality

Mathematical modeling has become an indispensable tool for sustainable wastewater management, especially for the simulation of complex biochemical processes involved in the activated sludge process (ASP), which requires a substantial amount of data related to wastewater and sludge characteristics as well as process kinetics and stoichiometry. In this study, a systematic approach for calibration of the activated sludge model one (ASM1) model for a real municipal wastewater ASP was undertaken in GPS-X. The developed model was successfully validated while meeting the assumption of the model’s constant stoichiometry and kinetic coefficients for any plant influent compositions. The influences of vital ASP parameters on the treatment plant performance and capacity analysis for meeting local discharge limits were also investigated. Lower influent chemical oxygen demand in mgO2/L (COD) could inhibit effective nitrification and denitrification, while beyond 250 mgO2/L, there is a tendency for effluent quality to breach the regulatory limit. The plant performance can be satisfactory for handling even higher influent volumes up to 60,000 m3/d and organic loading when Total Suspended Solids/Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS/TSS) and particulate COD (XCOD)/VSS are maintained above 0.7 and 1, respectively. The wasted activated sludge (WAS) has more impact on the effluent quality compared to recycle activated sludge (RAS) with significant performance improvement when the WAS was increased from 3000 to 9000 m3/d. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) > 6 h and solids retention time (SRT) < 7 days resulted in better plant performance with the SRT having greater impact compared with HRT. The plant performance could be sustained for a quite appreciable range of COD/5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 in mgO2/L) ratio, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) of up to 6000 mg/L, and when BOD5/total nitrogen (TN) and COD/TN are comparatively at higher values. This work demonstrated a systematic approach for estimation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ASP parameters and the high modeling capabilities of ASM1 in GPS-X when respirometry tests data are lacking.

The effect of chemical settling on the kinetics and design of activated sludge for tannery wastewaters

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Orhon ◽  
S. Sözen ◽  
E. Ubay Çokgör ◽  
E. Ates Genceli
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Aeration Volume ◽  
Kinetic Pattern ◽  
Biological Treatability

The effect of chemical settling of tannery wastewaters on the kinetic behaviour and performance of activated sludge process is investigated on the basis of experimentally supported model evaluations. Experiments involved besidese conventional characterization, detailed COD fractionation and assessment of major kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients by means of respirometric measurements. A multi-component model based on the endogenous decay concept was used for the kinetic interpretation and design of activated sludge. Results indicated that chemical settling as a pretreatment step induced a totally different kinetic pattern, significantly improving the biological treatability of tannery wastewaters. Design implications were evaluated in terms of major parameters of practical importance, such as effluent quality, activated sludge composition, aeration volume, oxygen demand and sludge generation.

Modelling of activated sludge for textile wastewaters

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Germirli Babuna ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
E. Ubay Çokgör ◽  
G. Insel ◽  
B. Yaprakli
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Textile Wastewaters

A comprehensive evaluation of four different textile wastewaters was carried out to set the experimental basis for the modelling of activated sludge process. Experiments involved beside conventional characterization, detailed COD fractionation and assessment of major kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients by means of respirometric measurements. A multi-component model based on the endogenous decay concept was used for the kinetic interpretation and design of activated sludge. The fate and variation of major process components affecting effluent quality with the sludge age were evaluated by means of model simulations.

scholarly journals Dynamic control of nutrient-removal from industrial wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, using common and low-cost online sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dries
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

On-line control of the biological treatment process is an innovative tool to cope with variable concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and nutrients in industrial wastewater. In the present study we implemented a simple dynamic control strategy for nutrient-removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating variable tank truck cleaning wastewater. The control system was based on derived signals from two low-cost and robust sensors that are very common in activated sludge plants, i.e. oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen. The amount of wastewater fed during anoxic filling phases, and the number of filling phases in the SBR cycle, were determined by the appearance of the ‘nitrate knee’ in the profile of the ORP. The phase length of the subsequent aerobic phases was controlled by the oxygen uptake rate measured online in the reactor. As a result, the sludge loading rate (F/M ratio), the volume exchange rate and the SBR cycle length adapted dynamically to the activity of the activated sludge and the actual characteristics of the wastewater, without affecting the final effluent quality.

Sensitivity of Effluent Variables in Activated Sludge Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Vivekanandan ◽  
K Jeyannathann ◽  
A. Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Influent Flow

Abstract The quality of a treated effluent changes when there is a sudden variation in the influent flow to the wastewater treatment plant during dry, rain, and storm weather conditions. In this study, various influent flow conditions in an activated sludge process are considered that affect the sensitivity of effluent variables such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate nitrogen (SNO), ammonical nitrogen (SNH), and total nitrogen (TN) with respect to varying internal recycle flow rate (Qa), sludge recycle flow rate (Qr), sludge wastage flow rate (Qw) and oxygen transfer rate co-efficient of aerobic tanks (KLa(3,4,5)). The analysis has been carried out based on benchmark simulation model no.1 (BSM 1) plant layout which comprises of two models namely activated sludge model no.1 (ASM 1) and simple one dimensional (Simple 1-D) Takacs model. Based on the present analysis, it is observed that the changes in influent flow rate have larger impact on the effluent variables. This variation can be subdued by introducing additional tanks to smoothen the perturbations or using internal recycle rate from the fifth tank in order to maintain the flow around the optimal influent flow rate. The sludge wastage rate has a greater impact on all effluent variables except nitrogenous variables during maximum flow conditions.

Effect of important operational parameters on performance of coarse pore filtration activated sludge process

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Mino
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Operation Pressure ◽  
Filter Clogging

A coarse pore filter can be applied inside the aeration tank instead of sedimentation tank for liquid separation from the sludge. It has pores, which are irregular in shape, and much bigger than micro-filtration membrane pores in size. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of important operational parameters such as flux, aeration intensity, and solid retention time (SRT) on the performance of the coarse pore filtration activated sludge process. The effect of these parameters was studied in laboratory scale experiments. It was found that the flux had a significant role in the effluent quality of this system. The effluent SS and turbidity were not changed significantly at different aeration intensities. Three SRTs, 10, 30 and longer days (without excess sludge) were used for three reactors to check the effect of this parameter on the system performance. The results of the reactors with SRTs about 10 and 30 days have shown very good effluent quality without any filter clogging for more than 4 months operation. For the reactor with long SRT, the filter clogging was observed after about 80 days of operation, which caused the increase of the operation pressure and deterioration in the effluent quality for a few days.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the accuracy of two simple methods for microscopic activated sludge analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2112
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sobczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós ◽  
Edyta Fiałkowska ◽  
Wioleta Kocerba-Soroka ◽  
Joanna Starzycka-Giża ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Biological microscopic analysis is a popular method employed in wastewater treatment plants worldwide for evaluating activated sludge condition. However, many operators still have reservations regarding its reliability. In this study, we evaluated and compared two methods of microscopic sludge investigation: the sludge index (SI) and the Eikelboom–van Buijsen method (EB). We investigated 79 activated sludge samples from nine treatment plants located in southern Poland over a 1-year period. For each sample, sludge volume index values were calculated and compared with the results of evaluation made on the basis of microscopic analysis. Additionally, the effluent quality was analysed in 45 of 79 cases, including investigation of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. The sign test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test showed that a significant difference existed between the two investigated methods. General conclusions from both methods do not provide reliable information concerning nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The EB method had a tendency to be more conservative in its general conclusions than the SI method. Both are highly reliable for estimating activated sludge quality and solid separation properties.

Degradation of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates and its Microflora Structure in an Anoxic-Oxic Activated Sludge Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Xie ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jiang Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jin Han
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

An anoxic-oxic activated sludge process (AOASP) was carried out to degrade nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs). The carbon source in influent was replaced stepwise by a mixture of nonylphenol decaethoxylate (M-NP10EO). The 2nd-derivative UV-spectrometry was applied to determine the total amount of M-NP10EO in water samples. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency achieves about 85% under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate, and M-NP10EO removal efficiency is about 80%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results of activated sludges show that the microbe species decrease but gradually stabilize with the increase of M-NP10EO concentration in influent. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of activated sludges showe that the dominant microflora under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate is β-Proteobacteria (35%), followed by α-Proteobacteria (15%), γ-Proteobacteria (5%) and Actinobateria (4%).

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